髂内动脉栓塞治疗难治性晚期产后出血17例

目的介绍髂内动脉栓塞治疗难治性晚期产后出血的经验.方法采用右股动脉seldinger's穿刺技术,选择性插管至双侧髂内动脉,经导管注入明胶海绵颗粒栓塞双侧髂内动脉.结果晚期产后出血17例,其中剖宫产术后13例,阴道分娩后4例,经栓塞后立即止血.结论髂内动脉栓塞治疗晚期产后出血具有快速、安全、有效,能保留子宫,维持患者正常生育及内分泌功能等优点.     

动脉栓塞治疗难治性产后出血6例分析

目的 :探讨动脉栓塞治疗难治性产后出血的临床价值。方法 :用Seldinger技术对 6例难治性产后出血患者行经皮髂内动脉或子宫动脉超选择插管术 ,通过数字减影血管造影 (DSA)明确盆腔血管走向及造影剂外溢情况后 ,双侧分别注入明胶海绵条栓塞。结果 :6例插管栓塞均 1次成功 ,手术时间短 ,止血速度快 ,并且保留子宫及其生理功能。其中 2例术后再次生育。但 1例术后发生右下肢动脉血栓形成 ,手术取栓后愈合。结论 :动脉栓塞术治疗难治性产后出血快速 ,有效 ,安全 ,并保留了子宫。     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤62例临床研究

研究用选择性子宫动脉塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果,方法采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ’ｓ方法作选择性子动脉栓塞,治疗６２例子宫肌瘤。先经皮肤作股动脉刺,将动脉导管插至对侧骼内动动脉,血管造影确认子宫动脉及肌瘤高度血管征象后,进行选择性子宫动脉插管,并通过动脉导管注入真比线段,阻肌瘤血供。结果备用这造影发现,子宫肌瘤血供丰富,由左右侧子宫动脉同时供血者占９５％,但以一侧为主供血以。双侧子宫动     

髂内动脉结扎后继发髂总动脉血栓1例

在妇产科领域由于各种原因引起的子宫出血 ,经各种方法处理无效时 ,可以采用结扎髂内动脉来止血。因结扎髂内动脉后 ,子宫血流减少 ,内生殖器血供减少 ,可以有效减少子宫出血和妇科手术中出血 ,为抢救患者嬴得时间 ,40ｍｉｎ后侧支循环建立 ,并不影响盆腔器官血供和功能。但由于结扎髂内动脉部位不当或手术操作时损伤髂总动脉 ,会引起髂总动脉血栓 ,从而影响下肢功能。现报告 1例。患者 ,女 ,2 8岁 ,1月前在外院足月分娩第 2胎 ,产后大出血 ,宫腔检查诊断为子宫破裂 ,开腹行子宫修补术 ,但不能有效止血 ,即行双侧髂内动脉结扎术 ,出血立即减…     

残余卵巢切除术需切除髂内动脉及其分支

残余卵巢常常与输尿管或肠管、有时与较大血管及其分支粘连。现报道1例残余卵巢综合征患者,通过切除髂内动脉(A)及其分支达到完全和安全地切除残余卵巢。 患者32岁,生育史2-0-0-2。因子宫内膜异位症(EMs)引起慢性盆腔痛及性交痛于1999年4月行腹式全子宫及双侧卵巢切除术。手术发现左侧卵巢子宫内膜瘤与阔韧带粘连。病理检查证实双侧卵巢均有EM。术后立即每日给予结合型雌激素1.25mg治疗。术后3个月患者因持续性左侧盆腔痛,每当活动和性交疼痛加重,故再次前来检查。盆腔     

导管动脉栓塞术在难治性产后出血中的应用

目的　探讨经导管动脉栓塞术（TAE）在难治性产后出血中的应用价值。方法　以Seldinger技术对14例难治性产后出血患者,行经皮双髂内动脉前干或子宫动脉超选择插管术,应用数字减影血管造影（DSA）技术明确出血部位后灌注抗生素(头孢噻甲羧肟),并以明胶海绵颗粒栓塞。结果　（1）14例经保守治疗无效的难治性产后出血患者,经TAE治疗后一次性止血成功,止血时间3～10min,平均时间(6.1±3.6)min,手术时间30～50min,平均（41.8±6.4）min;（2）应用DSA发现,出血均来源于单侧或双侧子宫动脉,表现为宫腔内弥漫性、局灶性出血或单侧子宫动脉分支出血;（3）随访2～60个月,14例患者均恢复规律月经,无严重并发症发生。结论　应用TAE治疗难治性产后出血有较好的临床效果,具有止血快、并发症少的特点。     

容积重建技术在产后盆腔动脉血管三维重建中的应用

目的:探讨容积重建技术(VRT)三维重建产后盆腔动脉血管的方法,评价其三维图像的质量.方法:6例阴道分娩后疑为胎盘植入的产妇,经双源CT血管成像(CTA)技术采集数据,利用VRT三维重建产后盆腔动脉血管网.结果:通过选择合适的参数,获得了良好的VRT立体图像.构建的6例患者血管图像均能观察到髂血管及其分支:髂总动脉6支;髂动脉分支11支(1支由于胎盘血管丛的遮挡不易观察而除外),其中髂外动脉、髂内动脉、臀上动脉及臀下动脉均可见;阴部内动脉10支;子宫动脉6支;闭孔动脉2支;髂腰动脉2支.结论:VRT构建的产后盆腔动脉血管三维图像清晰、立体感强,可以清楚显示盆腔血管的大部分分支.     

人正常离体子宫动脉血管网三维模型的构建及意义

目的 研究人子宫动脉血管网表达的特点及意义.方法 2008年9月南方医科大学南方医院妇产科获取正常成年新鲜离体子宫、双附件及阴道一套,应用血管铸型技术构建人正常离体子宫动脉血管网模型,观察子宫动脉血管网的形态及血供分布情况.结果 (1)构建的人子宫动脉血管网模型可清楚显示子宫动脉及其各级分支的走行,表现在:①子宫动脉自主干依次分出膀胱支、输尿管支、上行支和下行支等分支动脉.②子宫动脉上行支沿途向宫体分出数条弓状动脉,在宫底部分出卵巢支、输卵菅支和宫底支,弓状动脉再发出若干螺旋动脉.(2)观察子宫动脉血管网模型发现:①子宫动脉存在明显的同侧供血倾向,双侧子宫动脉在子宫的中轴线处存在交通支,但较为细小.②子宫动脉上行支主要向宫体及双附件供血,而下行支主要向宫颈供血,较少向阴道供血.结论 采用血管铸型技术可构建理想的离体人子宫动脉血管网模型,为系统研究人子宫动脉血管网的解剖形态及血供分布提供了血管解剖学基础.     

超选择骼内动脉插管化疗用于晚期妇科恶性肿瘤

应用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术经双侧髂内动脉行超选择性动脉插管化疗及栓治疗妇科晚期恶性肿瘤２４例，共２９例次。其中宫颈鳞癌Ⅲ期３例，子宫内膜腺癌２例，绒毛癌１例，上皮型卵巢癌Ⅲ期１４例，Ⅳ期４例。结果：显效２例，有效１７例，总有效率７９．１７％。超选择技术直接向肿瘤供血动脉灌注化疗药物，浓度高，副反应小，提高介入治疗的疗效，为晚期妇癌病例进一步手术或放疗创造条件。     

产后大出血行急诊动脉栓塞治疗65例疗效分析

目的:探讨急诊行子宫动脉栓塞(EUAE)治疗产后大出血的临床疗效。方法:65例产后大出血患者行急诊介入造影检查,明确出血部位后,采用丙烯酸微球(TAGM)、明胶海绵颗粒、栓塞弹簧圈及聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒对出血动脉行急诊栓塞治疗,对动脉造影表现及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果:子宫动脉造影表现:子宫动脉明显增粗,分支迂曲、增多、紊乱43例;子宫动脉造影剂明显外溢27例;假性动脉瘤形成5例,其中左侧2例,右侧3例;由髂外动脉参与供血1例。65例患者经EUAE治疗,62例阴道流血的症状消失,3例仍有阴道流血症状,3例均为胎盘植入,术后行子宫切除。术后随访12个月,62例患者均恢复正常月经周期,未出现严重并发症。结论:双侧子宫动脉造影,对明确诊断出血部位及出血量具有重要意义。EUAE治疗产后大出血是一种创伤小、止血效果确切、无严重的并发症且可保存患者的生育能力的治疗手段。     

Abdominal radical trachelectomy: two new surgical techniques for the conservation of uterine arteries

The objective of this study was to develop two new techniques for the conservation of uterine arteries in abdominal radical trachelectomy. Abdominal trachelectomy with conservation of uterine arteries was performed in two patients with cervical carcinoma. In the first case, the internal iliac artery was divided at 2.0 cm from the bifurcation of the common iliac artery. The internal iliac artery and uterine artery were skeletonized along their lengths to the lateral cervix. The dissected internal iliac artery was then reanastomosed following the radical trachelectomy. In the second case, the technique was similar to that of the first except that the internal iliac artery was not divided. Intraoperative observation and postoperative color Doppler ultrasound were used to confirm the patency of the uterine arteries. The operative time of the two patients was 390 min. and 350 min, respectively. Doppler flow studies demonstrated that the uterine arteries were patent in both cases. Resistance index of the left and the right uterine artery was 0.58 and 0.61, respectively, in the first case, and 0.60 and 0.63, respectively, in the second case. Reanastomosis of the internal iliac arteries or skeletonization of the internal iliac arteries are both feasible methods to conserve the uterine arteries during abdominal radical trachelectomy.     

Absence of flow velocity waveform changes in uterine arteries after bilateral internal iliac artery ligation

A case is reported of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation during cesarean delivery for intractable hemorrhage. Uterine artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms were documented before and after the procedure. After the ligation the uterine arteries could still be visualized in the appropriate anatomic location, and no changes in Doppler flow velocity waveforms were documented.     

Aberrant obturator vessels in minimally invasive pelvic lymph node dissection

The presence of aberrant obturator vessels, arising from the external iliac circulatory system and their lesion during a surgical intervention in the area, may lead to bleeding, which is difficult to control. For a period of 5 years, 133 endoscopic bilateral pelvic lymph node dissections in patients with cervical cancer were performed, and the present aberrant vessels were registered and filmed. Aberrant obturator vessels were present in 58 cases (43.6 %). Eight obturator arteries and 58 obturator veins, branches of the external iliac vascular system, were visualized. Arterial type of obturator variation was found in one (0.07 %) case, venous type—in 50 (37.5 %), and combined (arterial and venous) type—in seven (5.26 %), out of all patients. Of the observed aberrant obturator arteries, three were found to arise from the inferior epigastric artery, and five from the external iliac artery. Of all available 73 veins, 51 (70 %) drained directly into the external iliac vein and 22 (30 %) in the inferior epigastric vein. The frequency of the aberrant obturator veins was 27.44 % (n?=?73), and of the arteries—3 %, related to the investigated pelvic halves (n?=?266). The presence of aberrant obturator vessels is a relatively common anatomic variation, important for the clinical practice.     

Size and location of the fetal human ovary

OBJECTIVE: To determine the development and the localization of the ovaries during the fetal period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four ovaries obtained from 77 human fetuses aged between 9 and 40 weeks of gestation were used in this study. Firstly, the shapes and the positions of the ovaries were established. Second, the localization of the ovaries with respect to linea terminalis, ureters, and the iliac arteries were determined. Finally, the dimensions and the weight of the ovaries were measured. FINDINGS: In the fetal period, the ovaries were most commonly almond shaped and had an oblique orientation. In the 1st trimester the midpoint of the long axis of the fetal ovaries were at the level of linea terminalis. In the 2nd and 3rd trimester and full-term fetuses, it was observed that the ovaries were not in ovarian fossa, suggesting that descensus ovary was in progression during these times. During the intrauterine period, the ovaries were most commonly located anterior to the ureters and over the common iliac artery, only to migrate to its final location between the internal and external iliac arteries towards the end of the 40th week. CONCLUSION: We found that the ovaries did not assume the position of the adults at the end of the fetal period, rather continued its descent after the birth. We believe our findings about the fetal ovaries will be useful in obstetrics, fetal pathology, and forensic pathology.     

Color Doppler analysis of pelvic arteries following bilateral internal iliac artery ligation for severe postpartum hemorrhage

Objective

To compare Doppler blood flow characteristics of the uterine, arcuate, and ovarian arteries of women who underwent bilateral internal iliac artery ligation with those of controls.

Methods

Thirteen women who underwent bilateral internal iliac artery ligation for severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) were matched with 15 healthy women of reproductive age. Transvaginal color and pulsed (duplex) Doppler modes were used to visualize the pelvic arteries. The pulsatility index, the resistance index, the systolic/diastolic blood flow ratio, the peak systolic velocity, and the end-diastolic velocity were measured.

Results

The mean age was 26.1 ± 5.2 years in the study group and 27.0 ± 5.4 years in the control group. All participants had regular menstrual periods. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding each of the vascular indices for the uterine, arcuate, and ovarian arteries.

Conclusion

These findings are consistent with published data demonstrating that pelvic circulation is not compromised after bilateral internal iliac artery ligation.     

构建在体胎盘植入数字化三维模型在介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨构建数字化三维模型在胎盘植入患者行子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)中的应用方法及意义。方法 2010年9月至2010年12月在南方医科大学南方医院将4例胎盘植入患者在UAE术前行双源CTA扫描,获取原始图像后利用Mimics10.01软件对其骨盆和动脉系统进行三维重建。将构建的胎盘植入数字化三维模型用于指导UAE操作并与数字减影血管造影(DSA)进行对比。结果胎盘植入数字化三维模型中1例患者的子宫动脉(2条)起源于髂内动脉,3例(6条)起源于臀下动脉,并可精确测量子宫动脉的起源角度、开口类型。胎盘的血供来源:3例来自双侧子宫动脉和卵巢动脉共同供血,1例仅由双侧子宫动脉供血,但该患者存在明显的子宫动脉卵巢支;血供的分布情况为3例双侧血供分布不均,以左侧为主,1例双侧供血均衡。除1例患者要求保守治疗外,其他3例均行UAE治疗并在术后顺利排出胎盘,术中DSA与重建结果对比,子宫动脉的起源和双侧血管的血供分布等均相同。结论构建的在体数字化三维模型对胎盘植入的介入治疗具有较大的术前和术中指导意义,可使手术过程更加精确化。     

Temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries to control hemorrhage during laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for cervical myoma

Objective

To report our initial experience with temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries to control hemorrhage during laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for cervical myoma.

Study design

Thirteen patients with cervical myoma were treated by LAVH combined with temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries from September 2008 to October 2010. Preoperative evaluation of cervical myoma was made by ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computerized tomographic angiography, and curative management was made by LAVH combined with temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries.

Results

Nine patients with extracervical myoma and 4 patients with intracervical myoma were successfully managed by LAVH combined with temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries. For extracervical myomas, the median extirpated uterine weight was 591 g (range 360–1010 g). Median duration required for placement of balloon occlusion catheter was 60 min (range 47–69 min). Median surgical duration was 98.5 min (range 77–149 min). Median duration of endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries was 66 min (range 42–98 min). The median estimated blood loss was 355 mL (range 50–1950 mL). For intracervical myomas, the median extirpated uterine weight was 513 g (range 302–710 g). Median duration required for placement of balloon occlusion catheter was 63 min (range 42–76 min). Median surgical duration was 96.5 min (range 92–100 min). Median duration of endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries was 49 min (range 44–60 min). The median estimated blood loss was 210 mL (range 150–650 mL). Transfusion of preoperatively donated autologous blood negated the need for bank blood. There were no major interventional radiological and surgical complications in the present case series.

Conclusions

Temporary endovascular balloon occlusion of the bilateral internal iliac arteries is a feasible minimally invasive alternative to control hemorrhage during LAVH for cervical myoma.