市场营销战略与医院管理

随着我国加入WTO和医药卫生体制改革的不断深入，医疗服务结构将进行全方位的调整，以满足社会多层次医疗服务需求。现代医院管理理念中引入类似企业或商业营销战略．是医院适应市场经济大环境的一个重要转折。要想不断扩大医院市场占有份额，提高竞争优势，医院管理者应树立营销管理理念，制定营销战略，以患者为导向，     

从产品差别竞争的原理看医院专科品牌效应

现代经济学中,产品差别是指同一种产品在质量、品牌、包装、形式、服务等方面的优势差别。差别化是企业竞争战略的一种重要形式,其特征是为了满足顾客需要,形成自身竞争优势,提供与众不同的产品和服务。医院的产品就是对疾病的诊疗技术和健康服务,这种产品的差别可以具体体现在医院重点学科的专科特色方面。而重点学科应具有一流的人才、一流的技术、一流的设备和较高的知名度,是医院形象的代表,是品牌的象征。某部驻军医院在医疗市场的竞争中,走“小综合大专科”之路,选准目标,搭建平台,打造专科品牌,从人才素质、特色技术、设备设施、环境…     

医院营销管理亟待加强

在市场经济条件下,医院要通过对医疗市场的分析,寻找自己生存与发展的方向,制定有效的战略计划。没有对市场的研究,就不可能制定出有效的竞争策略,难以在竞争中保持不败。所以,市场营销是医院的—项重要职能,营销管理也必然是医院管理的—项重要内容。目前医院在营销方面普遍存在：对医疗服务市场重视不够,医院经营观念陈旧;缺乏现代营销战略,对医疗服务的谋划不到位等。因而,加强医疗服务市场营销建设十分紧迫。     

市场经济下医院财务管理中的不足

我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制．医院是社会主义市场经济的组成部分，它既向市场提供医疗服筹，同时又是商品市场的购买者和消费者，医疗必然要介入市场，而且要按市场经济的一般规律和医疗服务市场的特殊规律去运行随着我国加入世界贸易组织，中国卫生系统将向世界开放医疗服务市场，行业间竞争将呈现多元化恪局。面对激烈竞争的医疗市场，医院必须通过提     

医院营销战略的理论与实践

在充满竞争的市场经济中，医院管理者要尽快树立营销管理观念，重视医院营销活动。要充分认识到：医院营销是通过创造服务，让患者和群体得到满足其需求和欲望的一个社会和管理过程，核心是追求患者满意，投其所好。根据患者价值原理、竞争优势原理、集中优势原理，在营销实践中，加速一是以病人为中心，向技术服务给病人带来利益为核心的转移。面向市场，制定总体战略：树立良好的形象，开展独树一帜的核心技术，提供超出患者预期、贴心、超值的服务；通过识别、建立、维护、巩固医院病人利益活动，占领市场，跟踪患者需求，进行资源整合，采取积极防御措施，扩大市场占有份额。以人为本，建立精简、扁平、具有弹性的营销组织，打造一支态度热忱、反应灵活、主动沟通、精力旺盛、知识广博、亲爱病人、不畏艰苦的营销队伍。在谋划实施营销战略中，要建设先进的医院文化，细分市场选择目标，进行资源整合，结构重组，选择竞争战略，分析营销环境，制定目标，建立评价激励机制。     

作业成本法在医疗服务项目成本测算中的应用研究

随着医疗卫生体制改革的不断深入,医院实行医疗服务项目成本测算成为医院适应市场经济发展的必然趋势,同时也是医疗服务进入市场参与竞争的必然结果。要实现成本核     

营销理念在医院管理中的应用

本文通过对过去医院的经营模式和现代医院营销理念的分析,阐述了在市场经济环境下,医院要通过对医疗市场的分析,寻找自己生存与发展的方向,要运用选择目标市场、关注患者需求、整合营销、提供差异化服务等现代医院营销观念,促进医院经营管理理念的更新,使医院在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地。     

全成本核算在医院中的运用

随着医疗体制改革和医疗保险制度改革的深入,医院正面临着日益严峻的挑战。全成本核算已成为必不可少的基础管理手段。医院实行全成本核算,加强成本控制是医院适应市场经济发展的必然趋势,也是医疗服务进入市场参与竞争的必然结果。在市场经济条件下,医院不但要融入一般市场活动中,还必须参与医疗服务这个特殊市场的竞争,以尽可能少的消耗取得尽可能多的社会效益和经济效益,因此要求医院引入成本机制,实现效益最大化。而医疗服务市场具有它的特殊性——政府实行一定福利政策的社会公益事业。我国医院主要为公立医院,自然地承担着社会福利义务。这种义务应是通过政府的相应投入和执行政府对医疗收费的政策及享受政府的免税来体现的。但现在政府财政补贴不足,医疗收费成为医院主体的补偿来源。而我国医疗定价长期以来一直沿用的费用测算法,随着经济飞速发展,在医疗定价中价格和价值的分离已成为很普遍的现象,在这种价格补偿机制不健全的情况下进行医疗体制改革和医院发展建设是很艰难的。因此,在医院实行全成本核算管理不只是医院自身的管理需要,更是面对市场的必需。医院全成本核算的实施是一项系统工程,涉及的部门较多,核算方法多为保证核算的准确性、及时性和可靠性,从而为医院管理提...     

公立医院重视公益性的有效途径

强调医疗卫生行业公益性是由其产品和服务的特殊性所决定的。按照市场经济的理论，某些服务产品供大于求，竞争会使价格下降。而医疗服务领域，即使供给过剩，医方也可以通过诱导需求实现医疗服务扩张，拉动医疗费用上升。患者无法确定医疗需求，需要医生作出判断和选择。如果医院或医生追求经济利益最大化，很容易利用职业垄断地位，提供过度或不必要的医疗服务，     

新形势下的医院市场营销

医院市场营销，就是指医疗单位充分了解患者或亚健康人群的愿望、需求，采取一定的服务项目、合理的价格、完善的过程，为他们提供满意服务的过程。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立及医疗卫生体制改革的深化，医疗市场的竞争日趋激烈，每家医院必须牢固树立“以病人为中心，全心全意为人民服务”的经营理念，通过提高医疗技术水平和服务质量等方式来做好营销，谋求发展。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.