关节病型银屑病易感基因研究进展

关节病型银屑病(PsA )是一种伴有炎症性关节病变的严重类型银屑病.遗传流行病学研究显示与寻常型银屑病相比,PsA 具有更强的遗传易感性.近期全基因组关联研究发现了IL-12B 、IL-23R、TNF AIP3、TNIP1、IL-13、LCE等多个易感基因位点,揭示了Th17 细胞通路、NFκB通路、Th2 细胞通路、表皮分化通路等在银屑病和PsA发病机制中的作用.     

银屑病基因-基因交互作用研究进展

全基因组关联研究发现,对基因-基因交互作用在银屑病发病中的研究取得了积极进展,增进了对银屑病遗传学发病机制的认识。目前,银屑病基因-基因交互作用主要集中在主要组织相容性复合体易感区域和IL23／Thl7信号通路。主要组织相容性复合体区域是最早被发现而且是银屑病发病机制中最重要的易感区域。研究表明,其与内质网氨基肽酶1（ERAPl）基因、抑半胱氨酸蛋白酶蛋白A（CSTA）基因、LCE基因簇及染色体19p13区域（PSORS6）等存在相互作用。白介素23／Thl7是一个与慢性炎症性疾病发病密切相关的重要通路,研究发现其中的多个基因在银屑病发病中存在交互作用。     

银屑病易感基因最新研究进展

随着多基因疾病研究方法的不断进步,银屑病易感基因遗传学研究取得了很大进展.但多基因疾病往往涉及到多个基因的作用,虽然不断发现新的易感位点,但在寻找银屑病易感基因上还没有取得突破.就目前国际上银屑病易感基因的最新研究进展作一综述.     

银屑病易感基因位点PSORS1的研究进展

银屑病是一种常见的多基因遗传性皮肤病,通过对不同群体的银屑病患者的基因样本进行全基因组扫描,确定了7个银屑病易感基因位点(PSORS1～PSORSS7),其中位于6p21染色体上的易感基因位点PSORS1是当前银屑病易感基因研究的热点,它包括三个银屑病候选基因:HLA-Cw6,CDSN,HCR.分别对这三个易感基因进行综述.     

银屑病易感基因最新研究进展

随着多基因疾病研究方法的不断进步,银屑病易感基因遗传学研究取得了很大进展。但多基因疾病往往涉及到多个基因的作用,虽然不断发现新的易感位点,但在寻找银屑病易感基因上还没有取得突破。就目前国际上银屑病易感基因的最新研究进展作一综述。     

银屑病全基因组关联分析与精准医学

银屑病病因复杂,发病机制尚未阐明,具有明显的遗传异质性和种族差异性。遗传因素在银屑病的发病中发挥重要作用,特别是随着全基因组关联分析（GWAS）的应用,揭示了一系列银屑病易感基因和通路。     

银屑病相关miRNAs表达及其易感基因的研究进展

银屑病的发病是一种由多因素参与、多基因改变的复杂病变过程,多基因之间相互关系的研究也成为银屑病的一种研究趋势。研究发现,Micro RNA在银屑病的生理生化免疫等过程中发挥了重要的作用,在皮损组织中有表达异常,是银屑病发生、发展过程中的重要调控因素。而在易感基因方面,OMIM中现已收录了12个银屑病易感基因位点,其候选基因HLA、HCR、CDSN等的研究也日趋成熟。本文就银屑病相关Micro RNAs的表达以及银屑病的易感基因研究进展进行综述,为开展银屑病相关Micro RNAs与其易感基因之间关系的研究提供线索,为银屑病的早期诊断和预后提供新的思路,并在治疗方面提供新的药物靶点和治疗靶点。     

ERAP1基因与银屑病的相关性研究进展

银屑病是一种免疫介导的慢性炎症性皮肤病,遗传因素在发病中起重要作用。ERAP1基因现已被证实为银屑病的易感基因,目前研究发现ERAP1基因分子的功能与银屑病的发病相关,ERAP1基因与其他银屑病易感基因、环境因素之间的交互作用可能参与银屑病发病,其基因型可能影响银屑病患者的临床表型(发病年龄、发病严重程度、皮损类型、伴发疾病、家族史等)。     

银屑病家系易感基因定位的研究

目的:探讨银屑病易感基因与第4、6、17号染色体上7个微卫星标记的连锁关系,初步对汉族鲁系银屑病易感基因进行定位研究。方法:选择22个银屑病家系中75例患者和正常人51例。选择7个微卫星标记(STR):D6S276、D6S1610、D4S403、D4S424、D4S415、D17S949、D17S784,利用ABI3730测序仪进行电泳测序,并用与之配套的GeneScan、GeneMapper软件进行基因分型。利用GENEHUNTER软件对STR的基因分型数据进行连锁分析。结果:D17S949、D17S784位点的最大两点LOD值,最大两点NPL值均大于1(P<0.05),提示存在连锁关系。结论:染色体17q23~17q25区域内存在寻常型银屑病易感基因。     

人类白细胞抗原与银屑病相关性研究进展

关于银屑病遗传病因学的研究越来越多,人类白细胞抗原基因是其中之一.银屑病与人类白细胞抗原基因的相关性研究提示,银屑病的易感基因或保护基因可能位于人类白细胞抗原基因区内,也可能与人类白细胞抗原单倍型相连锁形成扩展单倍型,这种相关性在不同的种族、地域存在明显差异.目前在中国汉族人群中尚未进行银屑病大样本量人类白细胞抗原基因区域的遗传学研究,今后可以此作为研究方向,以探索中国人群银屑病与人类白细胞抗原基因区域的关联,揭示银屑病病因及发病机制、促进临床治疗,推动银屑病精准医疗的发展.     

New fillers for the new man

ABSTRACT:  Two new collagen-based lidocaine-containing dermal fillers, ArteSense™/ArteFill™ (Artes Medical, San Diego, CA) and Evolence® (Colbar LifeScience Ltd., Herzliya, Israel), have proved to be of particular interest to men, many of whom seek a long-lasting or permanent correction. ArteFill™ has been available in the United States since 2006, and it is expected that Evolence® will reach the American market in 2008. The properties of the two products will be described, and experience based on the administration of many hundreds of syringes of both products by a Canadian dermatologist will be detailed here, with tips and precautions to optimize patient outcomes.     

Outcomes and adverse effects of ablative vs nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing: A systematic review of 1093 patients

It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the efficacy of ablative laser use for skin resurfacing and adverse events as a consequence of treatment in comparison to other modalities, a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (Systematic Review Registration Number: 204016) of twelve electronic databases was conducted for the terms “ablative laser” and “skin resurfacing” from March 2002 until July 2020. Studies included meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports to facilitate evaluation of the data. All articles were evaluated for bias. The search strategy produced 34 studies. Of 1093 patients included in the studies of interest, adverse events were reported in a total of 106 patients (9.7%). Higher rates of adverse events were described in nonablative therapies (12.2% ± 2.19%, 31 events) when compared with ablative therapy (8.28% ± 2.46%, 81 events). 147 patients (13.4%) reported no side effects, 68 (6.22%) reported expected, transient self‐resolving events, and five (0.046%) presented with hypertrophic scarring. Excluding transient events, ablative lasers had fewer complications overall when compared with nonablative lasers (2.56% ± 2.19% vs 7.48% ± 3.29%). This systematic review suggests ablative laser use for skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality to treat a range of pathologies from photodamage and acne scars to hidradenitis suppurativa and posttraumatic scarring from basal cell carcinoma excision. Further studies are needed, but these results suggest that ablative lasers are a superior, safe, and effective modality to treat damaged skin.     

Genetic alterations in RAS‐regulated pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma

Studies integrating clinicopathological and genetic features have revealed distinct patterns of genomic aberrations in Melanoma. Distributions of BRAF or NRAS mutations and gains of several oncogenes differ among melanoma subgroups, while 9p21 deletions are found in all melanoma subtypes. In the study, status of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis was evaluated in a panel of 17 frozen primary acral melanomas. NRAS mutations were found in 17% of the tumors. In contrast, BRAF mutations were not found. Gains of AURKA gene (20q13.3) were detected in 37.5% of samples, gains of CCND1 gene (11q13) or TERT gene (5p15.33) in 31.2% and gains of NRAS gene (1p13.2) in 25%. Alterations in 9p21 were identified in 69% of tumors. Gains of 11q13 and 20q13 were mutually exclusive, and 1p13.2 gain was associated with 5p15.33. Our findings showed that alterations in RAS‐related pathways are present in 87.5% of acral lentiginous melanomas.     

Self‐resolving superficial primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a 7‐week‐old infant

A 7‐week‐old girl, born at 30 weeks' gestational age, presented to clinic for evaluation of a crop of vesicular lesions that were noted after removal of a bandage that had been in place for 4 days. A punch biopsy of the lesion revealed fungal elements that were later identified as Rhizopus spp. The lesion began to self‐resolve, and no further treatment was needed, with full resolution of the lesion by 1 month after presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the variable presentations of mucormycosis and consider fungal infection in the differential diagnosis when evaluating vulnerable patients with skin eruptions.     

Multiple New-Onset Subcutaneous Nodules of the Upper Extremity Digits: Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath and Lipoma

A black woman with the concurrent onset of two subcutaneous nodules located on the digits of her upper extremities is described. Initially, a single systemic disorder was considered; yet, the lesions differed in morphology and consistency. Microscopic examination of the nodules showed a giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and a lipoma. Although Occam's “razor” suggests that multiple lesions in the same person are more likely to represent variable manifestations of a single disorder than several different diseases in that individual, the simultaneously appearing lesions in this patient represented two different conditions.