随机回转条件动物细胞培养装置研制

目的设计一种细胞培养装置,使其适合在随机回转(random positioning machine,RPM)条件下进行动物细胞培养。方法根据在RPM条件下进行动物细胞培养的相关要求,提出总体设计方案,包括培养盒、培养小室及密封装置三个模块的设计方案;采用此装置培养MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞,从细胞形态、面积和活性3方面评价其培养效果。结果研制的细胞培养装置操作简单,密封效果好;与传统细胞培养瓶相比,采用此装置培养细胞培养基用量少,且细胞铺展面积和活性增加。结论研制出一种可用于RPM模拟失重生物效应研究的动物细胞培养装置,为进一步的研究RPM对动物细胞的影响奠定基础;该装置还可用于地面其它密闭系统细胞培养实验。     

细胞培养生物反应器的空间应用

细胞培养生物反应器的空间应用谭映军汪恭质在航天技术日益进步的今天，人们已将空间活动的重点由空间实验转向空间资源的开发与应用。在对空间开发、应用的各项活动中，空间生物技术占据着非常重要的地位。就目前而言，空间生物技术主要用于航天医学研究和空间生物处理，...     

双向多样本模拟微重力效应的细胞实验装置研制

目的 研制一种具有动态样本对照和组合式细胞培养能力的细胞实验装置,以满足地面开展航天医学细胞学微重力效应模拟研究的要求.方法 通过研制新颖细胞样本组合支持系统与可变向同步传动系统,实现地面细胞微重力效应的可靠模拟,并开展流体力学环境验证试验检验细胞培养环境力学条件.同时进行细胞学验证实验并与空间实验结果进行比较.结果 ...     

多坝式空间细胞培养室设计参数的微重力实验验证

目的利用失重飞行提供的微重力环境验证多坝式空间细胞培养室的设计参数。方法设计了三坝式和五坝式两种结构的插片细胞培养室,在失重飞机抛物线飞行中,通过研究培养室内流场形态、液流更换效率及流速对室内细胞的影响,对其在微重力下的适用性进行了验证。结果三坝或五坝式结构均能在室内隔离形成有效液流通路,确保微重力环境下培养室内溶液的有效更替;插片式设计在方便取出细胞样品用于后续分析的同时,可将细胞培养片固定在培养室底部防止刮蹭细胞;微重力下50μL/min和150μL/min两种换液流速均不会损伤细胞。结论综合考虑空间细胞培养的高容积利用率及短操作时间等需求,插片式三坝细胞培养室结构及150μL/min的换液流速更符合应用要求。     

空间微载体细胞培养技术的地面研究

为建立适合空间应用的细胞培养技术，利用自行研制的细胞培养反应器，采用微载体悬浮培养系统，对Ｌ９２９细胞和ＣＨＯ细胞进行了培养。结果表明：在面积相同条件下，微载体悬浮培养的细胞产量是不加微载体单层培养的２６倍；微载体浓度为２ｍｇ／ｍｌ，相对高一些细胞接种密度；１０％的血清含量培养基为较优的细胞培养条件。     

微流控细胞培养芯片及其应用

微流控芯片具有小型微型化、消耗试样少、集成化高通量的特点,目前越来越多的生物学手段方法被应用微流控芯片.细胞作为细胞生物学中基础的研究对象,成为微流控芯片技术研究的一个重要分支.本文针对微流控细胞培养芯片近几年来的相关报道进行简要综述:包括材料选择,方法和在线细胞培养等,并介绍和分析这种芯片在生物学上的应用,最后预测其在空间生物学中的应用前景.     

封闭型空间细胞培养板研制与验证

目的为适用于空间特殊实验环境,并在细胞培养实验中更高效地使用试剂、提高细胞培养用品的污染防护能力,提出了一种内部流动路径可控、具备防渗漏、防污染能力的全透明和全封闭细胞培养板。方法基于有限元仿真对培养板核心结构—流路控制挡板进行了优化,以优化后的培养板为核心部件搭建细胞培养回路,并开展了中长周期细胞培养试验。结果最优化的三坝-纵向排列细胞培养板,可有效控制其内部流体的流动路径,进出口流速1 m L/min时流体剪切力仅4.8×10~(-5)Pa,流动死区几乎为0,以该培养板为核心构建的细胞培养回路中培养的细胞可正常生长15 d。结论该细胞培养板,可使腔内新旧细胞培养试剂更换及残留气体排出更彻底,防渗漏防污染能力大大提升,试剂使用率提高,能满足空间实验常用典型细胞系的中长期培养需求,适合于我国目前及将来的空间医学生物学实验应用场合。     

空间细胞培养反应器的研制现状及其发展

空间细胞培养反应器的研制现状及其发展汪洛陶祖莱高克家细胞是构成有机体的基本单位，同时又是代谢和发挥功能以及遗传的基本单位，从而构成了一切有机体生长和发育的基础。组成细胞的基本元素包括碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、硫、钙、钾、铁、钠、氯及镁等多种化学元素，这些元...     

亚磁生物学效应研究的磁屏蔽培养系统研制

目的 在地面模拟空间亚磁环境,为亚磁场的生物学效应及其防护措施的研究提供技术平台.方法 将坡镆合金磁屏蔽箱放入细胞培养箱中,平衡磁屏蔽箱以及细胞培养箱中的培养条件,形成亚磁培养环境.结果 该磁屏蔽培养系统能够提供0～ 600 nT范围的亚磁场,以及9～ 60 μT范围的多梯度对照磁场.结论 成功构建了一套适用于细胞和分子生物学实验的亚磁培养系统,实现了亚磁模拟系统的标准化,对于提高亚磁生物学效应的研究水平有重要的应用价值.     

国际空间站生命科学实验装置研制与应用进展

国际空间站即将建成，生命科学是其重点研究对象。因此，针对不同目的的多种生命科学飞行实验装置正在加紧研制，有的已经完成并通过了地面模拟和空中抛物线飞行实验，个别的已经参加了空间飞行实验。本文就有关各种类型实验设备的最新研制进展及其空间飞行实验进展进行全面概述，以期在相关学科间发挥借鉴和推动作用。     

兔模拟失重装置的设计及其应用

为了实现兔头低位悬吊的模拟失重动物模型，需研制一套应用方便的兔悬吊装置，经多年的观察和反复实验，研制出一套适合兔悬吊模拟失重装置。经５００只兔１０项实验考验，才明该装置设计合理，是一种较好的兔模拟失重装置。     

Noninvasive cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma screening based on serum Raman spectroscopy and support vector machine

The feasibility of serum Raman spectroscopy for rapid screening of cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) was explored Raman spectra were collected from 49 patients with cholangitis, 38 patients with CCA, and 55 healthy volunteers. Normalized mean Raman spectra and spectral attributions reveal disease-specific biomolecular differences. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to establish the two-way (cholangitis vs healthy, CCA vs healthy etc.) and 3-way (cholangitis vs CCA vs healthy) classification model, and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to verify these models' performance. Based on the support vector machine algorithm, serum Raman spectroscopy could identify cholangitis and CCA. Its diagnostic sensitivity, and specificity were 89.80%, 94.55%, and 89.50%, 98.18%, respectively. This study demonstrates that label-free serum Raman spectroscopy analysis technique combined with SVM diagnostic algorithm has great potential for noninvasive cholangitis and CCA screening.     

Serial angiography in an elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits: evidence for progressive aneurysm enlargement after creation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Among the several reports of elastase-induced aneurysm models, only the rabbit common carotid artery (CCA) model has been used for testing endovascular occlusion devices. Our purpose was to study the growth characteristics of an elastase-induced aneurysm model in rabbits for the purpose of determining whether delayed aneurysm enlargement occurs after creation. METHODS: Nine New Zealand White rabbits (3-4 kg) were used in this study. All study animals underwent surgery to isolate the right CCA. In three control animals, the lumen was incubated with saline and iodinated contrast material for 20 minutes. In six test animals, the lumen of the CCA was incubated with porcine elastase for 20 minutes. In all study animals, the distal right CCA was ligated. IV digital subtraction angiography was performed on postprocedural days 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, 35, 56, 84, and 112. Using an external sizing reference, the width and height of patent arterial segments at the right CCA origin were measured by two observers. For test animals, aneurysm dimensions were compared between early and late time points by using the Student's t test. RESULTS: In the control (no elastase) animals, slitlike cavities at the origin of the right CCA decreased in size over time to become nearly obliterated by 21 days. Conversely, a short segment of the proximal CCA remained widely patent in all six test animals. With the exception of a single time point in one test animal, all "aneurysm" cavities in the test animals were dilated as compared with the normal diameter of the CCA. On day 3 after surgery, the mean width and height of the aneurysm cavities in the test animals were 3.2 +/- 0.6 and 6.0 +/- 1.3 mm, respectively. Compared with dimensions at day 3, aneurysms in test animals were larger at day 14, with mean width and height of 4.1 +/- 1.7 and 8.3 +/- 1.9 mm, respectively (P =.02). Aneurysms in test animals had increased further at 21 days compared with 14 days (P =.01). Compared with measurements obtained at 21 days, dimensions remained essentially unchanged at 28 and 35 days. Thirty-five days after surgery, mean width and height were 5.0 +/- 0.9 and 10.0 +/- 2.2 mm, respectively. Follow-up imaging performed < or = 4 months after aneurysm creation showed no further change in aneurysm dimensions. CONCLUSION: Elastase incubation and vessel ligation results in patent aneurysmally dilated arterial segments at the origin of the right CCA in rabbits. These aneurysms show progressive increases in diameter over time, finally stabilizing at approximately 1 month. Our data, which show early progressive aneurysm enlargement, suggest that this model may be used for the study of systemic therapies aimed at diminishing aneurysm rest regrowth and also indicate that embolization of these model aneurysms should be delayed at least 21 days after aneurysm creation.     

Interrupted Aortic Arch Associated with Absence of Left Common Carotid Artery: Imaging with MDCT

Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a rare severe congenital heart defect defined as complete luminal and anatomic discontinuity between ascending and descending aorta. Although its association with various congenital heart defects has been reported, absence of left common carotid artery (CCA) in patients with IAA has not been reported previously. We report a case of IAA associated with the absence of left CCA which was clearly shown on multidetector-row spiral CT.     

航天前、中、后空间运动病研究

空间运动病的发生一直是困扰着载人航天的重要医学问题。由于空间运动病是人体对空间特殊环境的一种适应，涉及面较广，也使空间运动病的研究不同于空间中心肺系统的研究。采用主观观察及定性实验方法和手段更多一些，定量的观察方法由于刺激手段受到空间特殊环境的限制，样本量较少，很难将问题精确定位。本文综述了苏美科学家在空间中关于前庭功能和空间运动病的观察和实验结果，以期对我国的载人航天提供一些参考，有利于我们采取有效的对抗措施，保证空间任务的完成。     

Prospective comparison of late 3T MRI with conventional angiography in evaluating the patency of cerebral arteriovenous malformations treated with stereotactic radiosurgery

Introduction

Risk of further haemorrhage in patients suffering from arteriovenous malformation (AVM) would be eliminated only if complete obliteration of the AVM is obtained. Therefore, these patients frequently need long-term follow-up. Conventional catheter angiography (CCA) with a risk of 0.5 %.to 1.6 % of significant neurological complications has traditionally been used for this purpose. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T may be a safer alternative. The aim of this study was to evaluate if MRI at 3T can accurately evaluate closure of AVM in 2 years after stereotactic radiosurgery.

Methods

Twenty-three patients with both MRI at 3T and a CCA study were examined. The residual AVMs were evaluated by MRI at 3T against CCA in a prospective study.

Results

The time interval between radiosurgery and neuroimaging was on average of 25 months (range, 15–30 months) for MRI study and 33 months (range, 25–46 months) for CCA study. Ten patients showed closure of the AVM on MRI, all of which were confirmed on CCA.

Conclusion

There was a complete agreement between late MRI at 3T scan and CCA in evaluation of AVM patency.     

Improving the spatial specificity of canonical correlation analysis in fMRI.

The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is often very low in fMRI data, and standard univariate methods suffer from a loss of sensitivity in the context of noise. The increased power of a multivariate statistical analysis method known as canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in fMRI studies with low CNR was established previously. However, CCA in its conventional form has weak spatial specificity. In this work we propose a new assignment scheme to rectify this problem. It is shown that the new method has improved spatial specificity as well as sensitivity compared to conventional CCA for detecting activation patterns in fMRI.     

Common crus aplasia: diagnosis by 3D volume rendering imaging using 3DFT-CISS sequence

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the findings of three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering (VR) imaging in common crus aplasia (CCA) of the inner ear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using 3D VR imaging of temporal bone constructive interference in steady state (CISS) magnetic resonance (MR) images, we retrospectively reviewed seven inner ears of six children who were candidates for cochlear implants and who had been diagnosed with CCA. As controls, we used the same method to examine 402 inner ears of 201 patients who had no clinical symptoms or signs of sensorineural hearing loss. Temporal bone MR imaging (MRI) was performed with a 1.5 T MR machine using a CISS sequence, and VR of the inner ear was performed on a work station. Morphological image analysis was performed on rotation views of 3D VR images. RESULTS: In all seven cases, CCA was diagnosed by the absence of the common crus. The remaining superior semicircular canal (SCC) was normal in five and hypoplastic in two inner ears, while the posterior SCC was normal in all seven. One patient showed bilateral symmetrical CCA. Complicated combined anomalies were seen in the cochlea, vestibule and lateral SCC. CONCLUSION: 3D VR imaging findings with MR CISS sequence can directly diagnose CCA. This technique may be useful in delineating detailed anomalies of SCCs.     

Partial corpus callosum agenesis

PURPOSE: The diagnosis of corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) with prenatal MRI relies on indirect signs. However, they are known to be inconstant in case of incomplete CCA. The purpose of this study is to specify the frequency of indirect signs in partial CCA to approach the reliability of fetal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 33 children with partial CCA. MRI were reviewed by two observers and a standardized radiological and clinical data collection was performed. Depending on the ratio CC length/anteroposterior brain diameter, two groups were statistically compared: subtotal partial CCA and mild partial CCA. RESULTS: 14% of patients had none indirect sign and 33% had only one sign. We found a significative difference of frequency for most of the indirect signs. 48% of patients had other cerebral anomalies. Clinical correlation showed no statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This series shows that indirect signs are inconstant in partial CCA and related to the CC length. In contrast, mild and subtotal CCA have a similar neurological outcome. These data suggest that greatest care has to be taken in the interpretation of fetal MRI.     

Reliable callosal measurement: population normative data confirm sex-related differences

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Corpus callosal cross-sectional area (CCA) may be a clinical indicator of disease progression, but factors influencing callosal morphology in healthy subjects must be determined before comparisons can be made in patients. We sought to define a reliable and easily repeatable method for CCA measurement and to examine the effects of sex, age, handedness, and cerebral volume. METHODS: Neurologically healthy volunteers (age range, 14-68 years; mean age, 32.6 years +/- 12.3 [SD]; 44 men, 56 women; 87 right handed) underwent conventional MR imaging. Data were reoriented in the image space to account for intersubject variations in head position before the midsagittal plane was defined by using midpoints of the anterior commissure (AC), posterior commissure (PC), and interhemispheric fissure (IF). Midsagittal CCA and total cerebral volume were measured and correlated with sex, age, and handedness. RESULTS: The mean CCA was 6.27 cm(2) +/- 0.90. Women had a larger CCA proportional to cerebral volume (6.16 x 10(-3) cm(-1) vs 5.78 x 10(-3) cm(-1) in men; P =.02). The percentage difference for the CCA-cerebral volume from the group mean was +2.6% in women and -3.6% in men. Only a small linear relationship of CCA with cerebral volume was noted (r(2) = 0.15), and CCA was not significantly correlated with age or handedness. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the largest study of callosal area in a community-based sample of control subjects; such subjects provide controls for future studies. Our findings provide anatomic evidence of sex differences in interhemispheric connectivity. Much CCA variability is independent of cerebral volume.