胰腺假性囊肿25例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿外引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿的价值。方法 2012年7月~2015年7月我院手术治疗25例胰腺假性囊肿,21例胰腺假性囊肿未与主胰管相通者,行腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿外引流术,4例囊肿与主胰管相通且5 cm者,行囊肿胃引流术或囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术。结果腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿外引流术21例,平均手术时间65.8 min(55~88 min),平均出血量50 ml(20~78 ml),无中转开腹,平均住院时间8.5 d(7~13 d)。囊肿胃引流术2例,手术时间分别为72、75 min,术中出血量分别为70、82 ml,住院时间分别为7、7.5 d。囊肿空肠Roux-Y吻合术2例,手术时间分别为112、122 min,术中出血量分别为120、105 ml,住院时间分别为9、9.5 d。23例随访6~24个月,平均15个月,无囊肿复发。结论胰腺假性囊肿未与主胰管相通采用腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿外引流术可取得较好的效果。     

腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿内引流及胰腺远端切除的初步体会

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术和保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术(Kimura法)的可行性和安全性。方法总结完全腹腔镜下1例胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术和4例保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术(Kimura法)的治疗体会。结果胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流手术时间150 min,出血量150 ml。术后胰腺假性囊肿明显缩小,脾静脉受压明显缓解。4例胰腺远端切除平均手术时间245 min,平均出血量180 ml,平均住院时间7.8 d。1例胰腺远端切除患者术后1个月复查时发现胰腺断端旁有假性囊肿形成,直径约3 cm,观察6个月后囊肿无变化。5例患者中位随访时间8.2月,胰腺假性囊肿及肿瘤均无复发。结论腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术和保留脾脏胰腺远端切除术(Kimura法)是安全可行的,具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,但适应症的选择至关重要。     

腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流术11例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流术治疗胰腺体尾部假性囊肿的可行性和安全性。方法我科2013年6月~2016年1月对11例胰腺假性囊肿施行完全腹腔镜下胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流,完全腹腔镜下从横结肠系膜后方切开囊壁,用带倒刺缝线行胰空肠吻合术。结果均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无中转开腹,术中平均出血量60 ml(40~150ml),平均手术时间120 min(90~180 min),术后平均住院时间7.5 d(5~12 d)。术后均无严重并发症发生。11例术后随访10~24个月,平均19.3月,无胰腺假性囊肿复发,无腹痛、畏寒、发热等不适。结论对胰腺体尾部假性囊肿采用完全腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿空肠内引流安全、可行。     

胰腺假性囊肿治疗方式的临床分析

目的对胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式和临床效果进行分析。方法对2002年1月至2008年6月收治的42例胰腺假性囊肿的治疗方式、效果、并发症进行回顾性分析。结果非手术治疗4例,在随访期间均能自行吸收;手术治疗38例:包括胰腺假性囊肿-胃吻合9例,术后有1例出现吻合口出血;囊肿-十二指肠吻合2例;囊肿-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合21例,术后有2例出现吻合口出血;腹腔镜囊肿-胃内引流术1例;胰腺假性囊肿外引流术2例,术后有1例出现胰瘘;胰腺假性囊肿切除术3例,术后有1例出现胰漏。结论胰腺假性囊肿的治疗已趋于多样化,需根据患者的具体病情来选择不同的治疗方式;手术治疗中囊肿内引流术仍是主要术式,根据囊肿的具体情况选择不同的吻合方式;其中腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿-胃内引流术,安全微创,疗效确切,值得推广。     

巨大胰腺假性囊肿外科内引流术式的选择

目的探讨巨大胰腺假性囊肿内引流术治疗的术式选择。方法回顾性分析收治且行囊肿内引流的13例巨大胰腺假性囊肿(长径15 cm)的临床资料。结果均经B超或/和CT以及术后病理学检查明确胰腺假性囊肿的诊断。行囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术的6例,其中术后囊肿感染2例。囊肿胃吻合术3例,术后囊肿感染2例,消化道出血1例,其中2例需二次干预。囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术4例,其中囊肿胃一期内、外引流术2例,术后1例囊肿感染,非手术治疗后痊愈;囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y一期内、外引流术2例,无术后并发症。全组无死亡病例。结论对部分巨大胰腺假性囊肿,囊肿胃肠道一期内、外引流术可能更为合适。对适宜行囊肿胃吻合术的巨大胰腺假性囊肿,建议行囊肿胃一期内、外引流术。     

假性胰腺囊肿的外科手术治疗

目的对假性胰腺囊肿的外科手术治疗方式和效果进行评价。方法回顾性分析了我院1990年1月至2003年10月68例假性胰腺囊肿行手术治疗的方式、效果及并发症。结果行外科手术治疗的病人人数占同期假性胰腺囊肿治疗病人的48．9％(68／139)。手术方式包括：外引流术9例，死亡率11．1％(1／9)；囊肿胃吻合20例，术后消化道出血的发生率为35％(7／20)，死亡率5％(1／20)；囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合23例，术后消化道出血的发生率为13％(3／23)，死亡率4．3％o(1/23)；假性囊肿切除14例；囊肿十二指肠吻合1例；胰十二指肠切除1例。结论虽然目前假性胰腺囊肿的治疗可有多种选择，但仍有许多病人需要外科手术治疗。手术治疗应尽可能行内引流术，其中囊肿胃吻合术是一种简单合理的内引流术式，应作为首先。对于难以排除恶性的假性囊肿，应尽量手术切除。     

胰腺假性囊肿41例诊治体会

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的诊断及外科手术治疗方式。方法回顾性分析行手术治疗的41例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,其中行单纯囊肿外引流术7例（17．1％）,单纯囊肿切除10例（24．4％）,囊肿及胰尾部切除＋脾切除术3例（7．3％）,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合18例（43．9％）,囊肿胃吻合3例（7．3％）。结果术后发生并发症8例（19．5％）,1例囊肿胃吻合术患者术后2d出现消化道出血,经非手术治疗而痊愈出院;2例患者（单纯囊肿外引流术1例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合1例）早期出现不全性肠梗阻,经过保守治疗出院;2例单纯囊肿外引流术患者术后出现胰瘘,1例胰瘘经保守治疗治愈,另外1例因长期胰瘘而再行瘘管空肠吻合术而治愈;1例囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术后出现逆行感染,经抗炎保守治疗后病情缓解;全组切口感染2例,1例保守换药,另1例换药后行二期缝合均获痊愈。无手术死亡病例。随访37例,时间6个月～5年,平均（3．3±1．9）年,2例单纯囊肿切除术患者于术后1年复发,经保守治疗症状缓解。结论胰腺假性囊肿在经保守治疗渡过急性期后,应根据需要采取个体化的外科治疗方案。     

超声内镜引导下经胃引流治疗早期胰腺假性囊肿23例

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下经胃引流治疗早期胰腺假性囊肿的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003至2008年在超声内镜引导下早期经胃穿刺置管引流进行治疗的23例巨大胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料.结果 假性囊肿位于胰头部3例,胰体部11例,胰尾部9例,囊肿平均直径11 cm(8～18 cm),均为单发囊性,所有病例在超声内镜引导下经胃引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿,假性囊肿发现至穿刺手术间隔17～65d,平均31 d.2例术后发生囊肿感染,1例改用外引流,另1例改用手术内引流治疗治愈;3例出现消化道出血,保守治疗后治愈.2～3个月后CT复查,6例患者假性囊肿完全消失,余15例患者囊肿明显缩小,所有患者腹胀、腹痛症状缓解.随访1年,无溃疡、出血、囊腔感染等并发症发生.结论 超声引导下早期经胃穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿是安全、有效的.     

假性胰腺囊肿的治疗体会(附30例报告)

目的探讨假性胰腺囊肿的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1990年12月~2004年12月间30例假性胰腺囊肿的治疗方法。结果30例病人中非手术治疗6例,行囊肿外引流术2例,囊肿胃吻合术5例,囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术16例,囊肿及胰尾脾切除术1例。术后1例死亡,2例行二期手术,其余随访效果较好。结论假性胰腺囊肿大部分需手术治疗,应根据囊肿部位、大小及病人全身情况选择手术方式。     

腹腔镜技术在胰腺假性囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合技术在治疗胰腺假性囊肿手术中的可行性、安全性及其临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析近年收治的胰腺假性囊肿患者4例,实施完全腹腔镜下囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.观察患者的术中出血量、手术时间、术后下床时间、排气排便时间、术后并发症、住院时间及随访结果.结果 所有手术均顺利无中转开腹.平均手术时间约90 min,出血量约40 ml,术后约1.5 d下床,2.3 d排气或排便.患者均顺利恢复,无胰漏等并发症发生.平均住院时间为7d.术后随访2年,无发热腹痛、无胰腺炎和肠粘连等并发症发生,无复发.结论 完全腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是安全可行的,具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少等优点,值得推广.其中掌握精湛的腹腔镜技术和娴熟的打结技巧至关重要.     

Internal drainage of infected pancreatic pseudocysts: safe or sorry?

BACKGROUND: External drainage is the traditional surgical therapy for infected pancreatic pseudocyst, although associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study it was determined whether internal drainage is feasible with acceptable postoperative morbidity and recurrence rates. METHODS: A retrospective comparison was made of the outcome of internal versus external drainage of infected pseudocysts in 15 patients. All patients were known to have a (sterile) pseudocyst and presented with symptoms suggestive of infection of the cyst, proven by positive cultures and Gram staining. RESULTS: Internal drainage was performed in 8 and external drainage in 7 patients. Patient characteristics appeared comparable, as was the time of sterile cyst presence before infection occurred (6 and 9 weeks, respectively). No major complications occurred, although hospital stay was prolonged after external drainage due to development of pancreaticocutaneous fistulas along the drain tract in 4 patients. Enteric microorganisms were cultured in 11 patients, of whom 10 had undergone ERCP just prior to infection. During follow-up no pseudocyst recurred. CONCLUSION: Surgical internal drainage of an infected pseudocyst is safe and effective and, in selected patients, is first-choice treatment. ERCP seems to play an important role in the secondary infection of pseudocysts.     

B 超引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎局部并发症

目的:探讨B超引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)局部并发症的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2006年1月—2009年10月行B超引导下PCD治疗SAP局部并发症的42例患者的临床资料,其中急性液体积聚14例,无菌性胰腺坏死12例,感染性胰腺坏死9例,包裹性坏死感染1例,胰腺脓肿4例,胰腺假性囊肿2例。并检查穿刺液是否伴感染,观察引流后临床症状、引流效果和影像学的改变。结果:42例中,14例急性液体积聚均治愈(100%),但有2例发生胰周感染,1例出现肠外瘘,无死亡;无菌性胰腺坏死12例中治愈9例(75.0%),3例发生胰腺感染并手术,死亡1例;感染性胰腺坏死9例中治愈2例(22.2%),4例引流效果差而手术,死亡2例,3例放弃治疗;包裹性坏死感染1例PCD后囊内出血急诊手术后死亡;4例胰腺脓肿治愈1例(25.0%),3例中转手术,无死亡。2例胰腺假性囊肿分别于第1,2个月后治愈拔管。结论:B超引导下PCD便捷安全,在治疗SAP不同局部并发症中有着不同的意义。对部分SAP局部并发症,B超引导下PCD可避免传统外科干预。     

完全腹腔镜肝切除术在肝肿瘤治疗中的应用和评价

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜肝切除术在肝肿瘤治疗中的安全性及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2010年12月至2012年9月期间在我科行完全腹腔镜下肝切除术的42例肝肿瘤的临床资料.结果 42例手术均获得成功,其中原发性肝癌35例、肝血管瘤5例,肝炎性假瘤2例.术式：左外叶切除（Ⅱ,Ⅲ段肿瘤）19例、左半肝切除（Ⅳa,Ⅳb段肿瘤）5例,Ⅴ～Ⅶ段（Ⅴ～Ⅶ段肿瘤）部分肝切除18例.手术时间30 ～ 290（90±30） min,术中出血30 ～1 000 （350±80） mL,术后引流量为20 ～150 （64±15） mL/d.术后引流管拔除时间2～5d,下床活动时间术后第2～3天,2～3d后胃肠道功能恢复,总住院时间5～ 12 （8.5±1.7）d.未发生胆漏、大出血、气体栓塞等严重并发症,全组无死亡.随访35例肝细胞癌12个月以上,其中1例术后6个月、2例术后10个月出现肝内复发,其余均健在,均未见局部复发及腹壁戳孔种植性转移等.结论 肝脏Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳb、Ⅴ～Ⅶ段的肿瘤行完全腹腔镜肝切除术是安全可行的,且短期随访效果良好,其他部位的肿瘤如遇操作困难可视情中转开腹.     

Pancreatic pseudocysts: the role of percutaneous catheter drainage.

The case records of 69 patients who had pancreatic pseudocysts were reviewed retrospectively. All patients had abdominal pain and tenderness, 38 had nausea and vomiting, 9 had chills and fever and 5 had jaundice. Forty-eight patients had elevated body temperatures and 26 had elevated leukocyte counts. A history of alcoholism was obtained in 48 patients. Ultrasonography demonstrated 54 pseudocysts near the body of the pancreas, 8 near the tail and 7 near the head. Thirty-nine patients had internal drainage, 16 had laparotomy and external drainage and 14 had percutaneous catheter drainage. One of these 14 patients died of uncontrollable sepsis. Six of the 39 patients who had internal drainage had clinical evidence of sepsis (4 had septic complications postoperatively, and 2 died); the remaining 33 patients who had noninfected pseudocysts left hospital within 20 days of operation. However, only four of nine patients who had percutaneous drainage for noninfected pseudocysts left hospital within 20 days of the procedure. Thus, the authors recommend that infected pancreatic pseudocysts be managed by percutaneous catheter drainage and noninfected pseudocysts by internal drainage.     

Minimally invasive approaches to the management of pancreatic pseudocysts: review of the literature

Although one third or more of pancreatic pseudocysts might resolve spontaneously, interventional therapy is required for most. Several minimally invasive management approaches are now available, including percutaneous drainage under radiologic control, endoscopic transpapillary or transmural drainage, and laparoscopic internal drainage. This paper reviews the methodology, applications, advantages, shortcomings, and results of these management approaches. A computerized search was made of the MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, and EMBASE databases using the search words pancreatic and pseudocysts and all relevant articles in English Language or with English abstracts were retrieved. In addition, cross-references from the identified articles were reviewed. Percutaneous drainage is best applied to pseudocysts complicated with secondary infection and in critically ill patients or those unfit for surgery. Radiologic drainage, however, risks the introduction of secondary infection and the formation of an external pancreatic fistula, and is associated with high recurrence rates. Endoscopic transpapillary drainage is beneficial for pseudocysts that communicate with the pancreatic duct and when a dependent drainage could be established. Endoscopic transmural (transgastric or transduodenal) drainage offers good results in the management of suitably located pseudocysts that complicate chronic pancreatitis, but is associated with high rates of failure to drain, secondary infection, and recurrence when pseudocysts that complicate acute necrotizing pancreatitis are approached. Laparoscopic pseudocyst gastrostomy or pseudocyst jejunostomy achieves adequate internal drainage, facilitates concomitant debridement of necrotic tissue within acute pseudocysts, and achieves good results with minimal morbidity. A randomized controlled trial that compares laparoscopic and endoscopic drainage techniques of retrogastric pseudocysts of chronic pancreatitis is required.     

经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术后拔管指征的探讨

目的 探讨经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流术（PTGD）术后拔管指征.方法 对2009年1月-2013年12月石河子大学医学院第一附属医院所收治的104例行PTGD的急性胆囊炎患者临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果 全组104例患者均成功置管,腹痛明显缓解时间为0.5～8.0 h,平均（2.3±1.9）h,发热多数可于1d内缓解,置管时间为7～49 d,平均（22.4±10.3）d,其中13例于置管后3～12d意外脱管,5例再次行PTGD,8例给予抗感染、补液等对症治疗,均好转,再置管率为4.8％。78例患者于1～2个月后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）,手术时间为35 ～ 95 min,平均（52.7±15.0） min,术中转开腹6例（7.7％）,术中出血量30 ～ 150 mL,平均（61.7±31.0） mL。本组无围手术期死亡.结论 行PTGD患者遵循拔管指征准确及时拔管,可有效减少患者带管期间引流管逆行感染、穿刺部位皮肤红肿渗出情况,缩短住院时间,并对后期行LC起到积极影响。     

倒刺缝线在腹腔镜胆总管囊肿切除术中的应用

目的初步探讨单向倒刺缝线在完全腹腔镜下成人胆总管囊肿切除术中应用的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年8月-2014年10月期间行完全腹腔镜下成人胆总管囊肿切除术的10例病例资料。结果全组病例均成功完成手术,无中转开腹。手术时间（194.5±20）min,160～225 min,胆管空肠吻合时间为（19.1±4.0）min,13～25 min,空肠空肠吻合时间为（17.5±2.0）min,12～21 min。术中出血（64.0±43.2）ml,10～150 ml,下床活动时间（1.6±0.7）d,排气时间（2.5±0.7）d,术后住院时间（7.0±1.7）d,5～10 d10围手术期无并发症发生。10例均获得随访。随访时间2～26个月,平均随访12.7月。1例患者术后出现反流性胆管炎,经抗感染等治疗后痊愈。结论单向倒刺缝线用于完全腹腔镜下胆肠吻合是安全、有效的。可吸收倒刺缝线的应用能够降低腹腔镜下缝合难度、缩短缝合时间及手术时间、缩短学习曲线,有利于本术式的广泛开展。     

Conservative treatment as an option in the management of pancreatic pseudocyst

BACKGROUND: Management of pancreatic pseudocysts is associated with considerable morbidity (15-25%). Traditionally, pancreatic pseudocysts have been drained because of the perceived risks of complications including infection, rupture or haemorrhage. We have adopted a more conservative approach with drainage only for uncontrolled pain or gastric outlet obstruction. This study reports our experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 36 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts were treated over an 11-year period in one district general hospital serving a population of 310,000. This study group comprised of 19 men and 17 women with a median age of 55 years (range, 10-88 years). Twenty-two patients had a preceding attack of acute pancreatitis whilst 12 patients had clinical and radiological evidence of chronic pancreatitis. The aetiology comprised of gallstones (16), alcohol (5), trauma (2), tumour (2), hyperlipidaemia (1) and idiopathic (10). RESULTS: All patients were initially managed conservatively and intervention, either by radiological-assisted external drainage or cyst-enteric drainage (by surgery or endoscopy), was only performed for persisting symptoms or complications. Patients treated conservatively had 6 monthly follow-up abdominal ultrasound scans (USS) for 1 year. Fourteen of the 36 patients (39%) were successfully managed conservatively, whilst 22 patients required intervention either by percutaneous radiological drainage (12), by endoscopic cystogastrostomy (1) or by open surgical cyst-enteric anastomosis (9). Median size of the pancreatic pseudocysts in the 14 patients managed conservatively (7 cm) was nearly similar to that of the 22 patients requiring intervention (8 cm). The most common indications for invasive intervention in the 22 patients were persistent pain (16), gastric outlet obstruction (4), jaundice (1) and dyspepsia with weight loss (1). Although one patient required surgery for persistent pain, no other patients required urgent or scheduled surgery for complications of untreated pancreatic pseudocysts. Two of the 12 patients treated by percutaneous radiological drainage had recurrence of pancreatic pseudocysts requiring surgery. Two patients developed an intra-abdominal abscess following cyst-enteric drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and one patient had a pulmonary embolism. On the mean follow-up of 37.3 months, one patient with alcoholic pancreatitis died 5 months after surgical cyst-enteric bypass. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that many patients with pancreatic pseudocysts can be managed conservatively if presenting symptoms can be controlled.     

应用改进的器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 探讨应用改进的器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年4月至6月间53例应用改进的器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料.结果 53例手术均获成功,无增加穿刺孔转为传统LC或中转开腹,未放置腹腔引流管.手术时间20～50min,平均30min;出血0～100ml,平均20ml.无并发症发生.术后随访2周～2个月,无继发出血、胆漏、切口感染、黄疸等并发症发生,腹壁瘢痕不明显.结论 应用改进的器械行经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术,减少了器械之间的相互干扰,提高了手术的安全性,具有应用价值.