类风湿关节炎患者血浆对氧磷酯酶-1活性与氧自由基代谢水平的相关性研究

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血浆对氧磷酯酶-1(PON-1)活性与氧自由基代谢水平的关系。方法检测118例RA患者和56名健康对照者血浆PON-1活性、氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和循环谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及晚期蛋白质氧化产物(AOPP)水平,分析PON-1活性与氧自由基代谢水平的关系。结果RA患者血浆PON-1、SOD、GSH-Px活性分别为(122.2±24.1)kU/L、(78.2±21.3)kU/L、(156.4±32.2)U/L,低于对照组(P<0.01)。ox-LDL、AOPP、MDA水平分别为(832.0±256.2)μg/L、(342.3±118.1)μmol/L、(16.2±6.4)μmol/L,高于对照组(P<0.01)。RA患者血浆PON-1活性与GSH-Px、SOD呈正相关(r=0.781,P<0.01;r=0.702,P<0.01),与ox-LDL、MDA、AOPP呈负相关(r=-0.721,P<0.01;r=-0.789,P<0.01;r=-0.679,P<0.01)。结论RA患者血浆PON-1活性降低,...     

高同型半胱氨酸血症患者氧化应激指标的研究

目的观察高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)患者氧化应激指标的水平,并对其临床价值做初步评价。方法检测108例HHcy患者、106名健康体检者(正常对照组)循环谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、对氧磷酯酶1(PON1)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。分析Hcy与GSH-Px、SOD、PON1、NOS、NO、MDA之间的相关性。结果 HHcy患者血浆MDA水平[(6.23±1.55)μmol/L]明显高于正常对照组[(4.14±1.13)μmol/L](P0.01),而GSH-Px[(189.3±25.1)U/L]、SOD[(77.3±20.5)NU/mL]、PON1[(133.6±23.9)kU/L]、NOS活性[(25.3±2.9)U/mL]及NO[(68.3±10.1)μmol/L]水平低于正常对照组[(240.3±78.1)U/L、(89.2±24.8)NU/mL、(168.2±26.0)kU/L、(30.0±3.3)U/mL、(92.1±12.1)μmol/L](P均0.01)。HHcy患者血浆Hcy与MDA呈正相关(r=0.72,P0.01),与GSH-Px、SOD、PON1、NOS、NO呈明显负相关(r值分别为-0.60、-0.49、-0.51、-0.43、-0.50,P均0.01)。结论 HHcy患者氧化应激增强可能与Hcy氧化过程中产生过多的过氧化物及活性氧、Hcy损伤NO/L-精氨酸系统及直接抵制抗氧化酶活性有关。Hcy可能通过增加氧化应激和降低抗氧化能力在动脉粥样硬化发生、发展中起重要的作用。     

高原红细胞增多症患者血清同型半胱氨酸与一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶水平的变化

目的探讨高原红细胞增多症(HAPC)患者体内同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平的关系。方法在海拔3 300 m地区选择HAPC患者和健康人各50例进行血清Hcy、NO含量和NOS活性的检测。结果与健康人比较,HAPC患者血清Hcy水平显著升高(P<0.01),NO含量和NOS活性明显降低(P<0.01);相关分析结果表明,在HAPC患者中血清Hcy水平与NO含量和NOS活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.947、-0.925,P<0.01)。结论血清Hcy水平与NO含量和NOS活性的变化可能与HAPC的发病有关。     

自身免疫性疾病患者体液免疫与脂质过氧化关系的探讨

目的 探讨自身免疫性疾病患者体液免疫与脂质过氧化反应的关系.方法 收集89例自身免疫性疾病患者及50例健康对照者血清样本,采用散射比浊法检测免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgM,IgA)和补体(C3,C4),化学比色法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、硝酸还原法测定一氧化氮(NO)水平;比较体液免疫项目与氧自由基项目的 相关性.结果 自身免疫性疾病患者血清中IgG,IgM及IgA水平分别为:(21.46±14.08)g/L,(2.81±0.92)g/L和(2.85±0.63)g/L,与健康对照组比较P<0.01或P<0.05;而补体C3,C4水平分别为:(1.16±0.33)g/L和(0.25±0.16)g/L,与健康对照组比较均P<0.01;SOD,MDA及NO水平为:(85.64±9.86)U/ml,(6.17±0.89)μmol/L和(16.12±4.11)μmol/L,与健康对照组比较P<0.01,各指标差异均有统计学意义.相关分析显示IgG水平与SOD,MDA及NO水平呈显著相关(r=0.989;r=0.996;r=0.985,P<0.05),其它免疫球蛋白及补体也有与IgG相似的相关趋势.结论 自身免疫性疾病患者机体体液免疫应答升高与自由基代谢紊乱有关,临床医生在治疗该类疾病时有必要重视患者的抗脂质过氧化水平.     

老年心力衰竭患者的心肌氧化损伤及冠心宁的抗氧化疗效观察

目的 观察冠心宁注射液对老年心力衰竭(CHF)患者氧自由基的影响.方法 58例CHF患者,随机分为常规治疗组和冠心宁治疗组各29例,选取32例健康体检者作为对照.冠心宁组在常规治疗基础上加用冠心宁注射液治疗14 d,观察其血浆中丙二醛(MDA)、血清总抗氧能力(TAOC)、氧化型低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OX-LDL-C)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化.结果 58例CHF患者血清MDA[(5.59±1.95)μmol/L]和OX-LDL-C[(808.64±156.34)μg/L]水平明显高于时照组[(4.04±0.67)μmol/L与(538.67±125.43)μg/L](P<0.05),SOD[(68.69±20.43)μU/L]、TAOC[(7.72±2.13)kU/L]显著低于对照组[(105.67±13.86)μU/L与(9.68±1.86)kU/L](P<0.05),心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级CHF患者SOD、MDA、OX-LDL-C和TAOC差异均有统计学意义(F分别为18.86、10.63、25.57和11.27,P均<0.05).治疗14 d冠心宁组有效率为96.6%(28/29),高于常规治疗组(79.3%,23/29),差异有统计学意义(X2=6.41,P<0.05).结论 冠心宁对CHF患者的治疗作用可能与其促进机体氧自由基的清除有关.     

不同剂量别嘌呤醇对阿霉素诱导慢性心力衰竭大鼠心功能的影响

目的 研究不同剂量别嘌呤醇对阿霉素诱导慢性心力衰竭大鼠心功能的影响,探讨别嘌呤醇在改善心力衰竭大鼠血管内皮功能及心室重构方面是否具有剂量依赖性,从而为临床治疗心力衰竭提供理论依据和新思路.方法 40只Sprague-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(A组)、模型时照组(B组)、别嘌呤醇低刺量组(C组)、别嘌呤醇高剂量组(D组).经腹腔注射阿霉素建立心力衰竭模型,模型成功后A组和B组经口灌注安慰剂,C组经口灌注别嘌呤醇20 mg/(kg·d),D组经口灌注别嘌呤醇40 mg/(kg·d).于灌药4周后处死大鼠测心功能、血清生化指标、心脏重量指数及电镜下观察心肌病理学变化.结果 与正常对照组比较,模型对照组及各治疗组大鼠的体重均明显减轻[A组(300.10±9.85)g、B组(200.67±9.91)g、C组(233.14±9.42)g、D组(248.25±13.34)g,P<0.05],全心重量亦明显减轻[A组(828.30±50.97)mg、B组(681.50±16.97)mg、C组(743.00±17.20)mg、D组(784.88±36.83)mg,P<0.05],而全心重量指数增加[A组(2.76±0.15)mg/g、B组(3.41±0.17)mg/g、C组(3.26±0.76)mg/g、D组(3.11±0.65)me/g,P<0.05];药物组血流动力学显示心肌收缩力加强;血清生化显示一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)较模型对照组明显升高[B组NO(41.55±6.28)μmol/L、C组(52.47±5.59)μmol/L、D组(61.04±4.26)μmol/L;B组SOD(63.83±6.40)U/ml、C组(76.29±7.99)U/ml、D组(100.13±7.43)U/ml,P均<0.05],丙二醛(MDA)明显降低[B组MDA(9.70±1.08)μmol/L、C组(6.64±0.34)μmol/L、D组(5.72±0.71)μmol/L,P<0.05];D组NO、SOD较C组明显升高(P<0.05),MDA明显降低(P<0.05);病理学显示心肌细胞病变明显减轻.结论别嘌呤醇对改善血管内皮功能具有明显的剂量依赖性,较大剂量的别嘌呤醇能显著降低MDA,升高NO、SOD,从而更好地改善心力衰竭大鼠的心功能.     

高原红细胞增多症患者体内氧自由基代谢的研究

目的：探讨高原红细胞增多症（HAPC）患者体内氧自由基代谢指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH－Px）活力和丙二醛（MDA）和含量，是否存在失衡以及在HAPC发生和发展中的意义。方法：在海拔4080米地区选择51例HAPC患者进行SOD、GSH－Px活性和血清MDA含量检测并对比分析，结果：HAPC患者体内存在严重的氧自由基代谢失衡，代表机体自由基含量的MDA明显升高（P＜0．01），具有清除氧自由基能力的SOD、GSH－Px活性显著。结论：HAPC患者存在有明显的自由基代谢失衡，这可能是他们体内组织和功能受损的重要原因之一。     

心脏围手术期血清一氧化氮及超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化

目的　探讨血清一氧化氮 (nitric oxide,NO)水平、超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性在围手术期心肌再灌注损伤中的变化及临床意义。方法　心脏手术组 2 5例 ,分别在术前 1d,主动脉开放后 10 min,术后 1d和 7d采血 ,化学比色法测定血清 SOD,酶标法测定血清 NO。结果　心脏手术组术前 NO为 47μmol/ L± 10μmol/ L ,再灌注 10 min为 80μmol/ L± 10μmol/ L (P<0 .0 1) ,术后 1d,6 7μmol/ L± 12μmol/ L (P>0 .0 5 ) ,术后 7d,49μmol/ L±14μmol/ L (P>0 .0 5 ) ,术前 SOD为 144 Nu/ m± 2 5 Nu/ ml,再灌注 10 min为 114Nu/ m L± 2 4Nu/ m L (P<0 .0 1) ,术后 1d,141Nu/ m L± 2 4Nu/ m L (P>0 .0 5 ) ,术后 7d,144 Nu/ m L± 2 4Nu/ m L (P>0 .0 5 )。血清 NO与 SOD水平呈负相关 (r=-0 .495 ,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　血清 NO水平增高 ,氧自由基大量产生 ,SOD活性降低是造成心肌再灌损伤的重要原因     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者呼出气冷凝液中一氧化氮浓度与体内氧化应激的关系

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者慢性间歇低氧对氧化应激的影响.方法 选取2005年6月至2006年6月于我院呼吸科就诊的120例成年OSAHS患者及30例健康志愿者,OSAHS组中轻度60例,中重度组60例.采用硝酸还原酶法测定晨起呼出气冷凝液中一氧化氮(NO)浓度,并同时抽取静脉血测定其丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)浓度.结果 各组睡前呼出气冷凝液中NO浓度无明显差别[OSAHS中重度组(15±8)μmol/L,轻度组(16±10)μmol/L,正常对照组(14±6)μmol/L];晨起各组呼出气冷凝液中NO浓度分别为:OSAHS中、重度组(8±5)μmol/L,轻度组(11±6)μmol/L,正常对照组(13±7)μmol/L,OSAHS组和正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);OSAHS中重度组、轻度组和正常对照组血清MDA和SOD浓度分别为(16.78±1.99)、(7.76±0.87)、(4.73±0.92)μmol/L和(69.38±12.65)、(90.05±16.12)、(120.65±19.78)μU/L,OSAHS组和正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);OSAHS组晨起凝冷液中NO浓度与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈负相关(r=-0.463,P<0.05),与最低氧饱和度(SaO2min)呈正相关(r=0.675,P<0.05).而MDA与AHI呈正相关(r=0.862,P<0.01)、与SaO2min呈负相关(r=-0.774,P<0.01),SOD与AHI呈负相关(r=-0.619,P<0.05)、与SaO2min呈正相关(r=0.687,P<0.05).结论 OSAHS患者晨起呼出气冷凝液中NO浓度明显下降,可间接反映机体NO消耗情况,MDA升高、SOD下降,从而导致氧化应激,与OSAHS病情严重程度显著相关.     

子痫前期患者血清同型半胱氨酸表达水平的研究

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与子痫前期的关系,以及妊娠终止前后的变化.方法 对27例子痫前期患者(实验组),其中重度17例,轻度10例;19例正常晚期妊娠孕妇(对照组),采用液相色谱·串联质谱检测(LC-MS/MS)技术分别于患者入院24 h内、剖宫产术后48 h,测定产前及产后血清中总Hcy的水平.并观察血清Hey与患者术前平均动脉压(MAP)与24 h尿蛋白的关系.结果 子痫前期组术前血清Hcy水平显著高于正常晚孕组[(10.97±3.31)μmol/Lvs.(7.43±2.24)μmol/L,P<0.01],重度子痫前期组显著高于轻度子痫前期组[(12.oo±3.01)μmoL/Lvs.(9.01±3.12)μmol/L,P<0.01],轻度子痫前期组与正常晚孕组血清Hcy水平无统计学差异(P>0.05).子痫前期组术后血清Hey水平显著高于正常晚孕组[(10.15±2.51)μmol/Lvs.(7.68±2.37)μmol/L,P<0.01],重度子痫前期组血清Hcy水平高于轻度子痫前期组[(10.86±2.45)μmol/Lvs.(8.79±2.14)μmol/L,P<0.05],轻度子痫前期组与正常晚孕组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).各组剖宫产术前、术后血清Hcy水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05).子痫前期组患者术前血清Hcy水平随着MAP、24 h尿蛋白水平的升高而增加,有直线关系并呈正相关(r=0.528,P<0.01;r=0.678,P<0.01).结论 血清Hcy的水平与子痫前期的发病有关,且与病情严重程度相关.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.