退变性腰椎滑脱与相关解剖学因素关系探讨

目的 利用多层螺旋CT扫描探讨退变性腰椎滑脱（degenerative lumber spondylylisthesis,DLS）与相关影响因素的关系,为临床诊治提供指导.方法 选取笔者科室2010年4月～ 2013年12月共55例DLS患者（排除外伤、手术及移行椎等脊柱变异）,其中男性9例,女性46例,滑脱部位均为L4.对照组选取同时间段无腰椎滑脱、年龄构成相似的病例55例,其中男性9例、女性46例.对两组病例关节突关节角度、退变程度、腰骶角等因素与腰椎滑脱关系进行分析研究.结果 两组患者关节突关节与矢状面夹角、腰骶角均值采用独立样本t检验,前者t=-3.68,两者有统计学差异,后者t=0.74,两者无统计学差异,椎间关节退变程度x2 =47.778,差异有统计学意义.结论 DLS组与对照组两组患者腰骶角无明显差异,而关节突关节面与矢状面夹角、椎间关节退变程度之间差异有统计学意义,因此认为后面两因素是退变性腰椎滑脱发生的重要因素,其可能是互为因果、协同促进的关系.     

退变性腰椎滑脱与腰椎小关节形态改变相关性分析

目的通过腰椎小关节的骨关节炎分级、关节矢状角、终板下关节角在不同滑脱程度的退变性腰椎滑脱患者中的改变,探讨退变性腰椎滑脱程度与腰椎小关节形态相关性。方法回顾性分析2009年10月～2011年11月L4/5退变性腰椎滑脱患者43例,Ⅰ度退变性腰椎滑脱29例为A组,Ⅱ度退变性腰椎滑脱14例为B组;Weishaupt关节炎影像学法对L4/5小关节炎进行分级;CT测量L4/5小关节矢状角、L4终板下关节角。不同退变性腰椎滑脱组的骨关节炎分级,关节矢状角和L4终板下关节角及两侧对称性比较。结果 A组和B组骨关节炎均无0级,其中,A组1、2、3级分别为4、11、14例;B组分别为1、6、7例,两组骨关节炎分级无差异（P〉0.05）。A组L4/5关节矢状角、L4终板下关节角[（28.69±8.97）°、（115.91±6.51）°]与B组[（28.23±11.89）°、（117.90±7.23）°]比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两侧关节矢状角对称性差异、终板下关节角对称性差异A组[（9.06±4.45）°、（5.21±3.90）°]与B组[（12.80±4.95）°、（8.25±3.62）°]比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腰椎小关节矢状角、终板下关节角的不对称性影响退变性腰椎滑脱的滑脱程度。     

CT对于腰椎退变性滑脱的诊断价值

目的：探讨腰椎退变性滑脱（DS）的临床CT特征及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析腰椎退变性滑脱病例56例。结果：56例均显示腰椎前滑脱,分布以L4、L5为主;小关节间隙变窄,关节面硬化增生56例,关节腔真空症32例;均表现为椎间孔变形变窄;侧隐窝狭窄,均合并不同程度的腰椎间盘改变。结论：CT对于临床主要表现为腰腿疼痛而高度怀疑腰椎退变性滑脱有重要的诊断价值。     

不同滑脱程度退变性腰椎滑脱椎间盘形态改变及意义

目的:观察不同滑脱程度的退变性腰椎滑脱的椎间盘影像学特点,探讨椎间盘退变程度、椎间隙角度及椎间隙高度与不同程度退变性腰椎滑脱的关系.方法:回顾性分析了2009年10月至2011年11月北京市石景山医院和北京大学第三医院L4/5退变性腰椎滑脱患者51例,Ⅰ度退变性腰椎滑脱35例为试验1组,Ⅱ度退变性腰椎滑脱16例为试验2组;对L4/5椎间盘退变程度按照Pfirrmann法分级,CT测定L4/5椎间盘正中矢状面的椎间隙角度和椎间隙高度,对所得数据进行统计学分析.结果:实验1组L4/5椎间盘MRI退变程度B、C、D、E级分别为0、23、11及1例,试验2组分别为2、10、3及1例,两组椎间盘退变程度间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);CT测量L4/5椎间隙角度实验1组和试验2组分别为(3.49±1.91)°和(2.14±1.38)°,实验1组椎间隙角度明显大于实验2组(P＜0.05);椎间隙高度实验1组和试验2组分别为(8.57±1.80) mm和(7.40±1.54)mm,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:椎间隙角度减小和椎间隙高度丢失严重程度,可能是导致退变性腰椎滑脱出现不同滑脱程度的重要因素之一.     

关节突关节矢向化与退变性腰椎滑脱关系的研究进展

退变性腰椎滑脱(Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis,DLS)是临床常见的脊柱退行性改变疾病的一种。发病机制目前不清楚,可能跟患者的工作性质、劳作强度、日常作息习惯有关,未发现与遗传有关。退变性腰椎滑脱的患者可以没有临床症状,大部分就诊患者存在腰骶部疼痛的临床表现。临床诊断退变性腰椎滑脱主要依靠腰椎正侧位X光片以及腰椎螺旋CT扫描助诊。腰椎发生退变性滑脱时,附件骨及所组成的关节突关节角(Articular facet joint angle,FJO)的形态及角度会发生改变,这个角度可以评价关节突关节角的矢向化程度。利用螺旋CT后处理工作站ADW对腰椎患者的数据处理后,测量L2-3、L3-4、L4-5、L5-S1双侧关节突关节矢向化的角度(α1与α2)的大小,后期通过横向与未发生腰椎滑脱患者的比较、纵向与不同年龄组DLS患者的比较,研究FJO矢向化与DLS二者的因果关系。本综述将着重介绍腰椎退变性滑脱时,相应水平关节突关节角度的大小及矢向化的程度的测量方法与相关概述。     

X线与CT联合分析腰椎退变滑脱92例报告

目的探讨X线平片和CT对腰椎退变性滑脱的诊断价值。方法收集腰椎退变性滑脱92例,对其X线平片和CT进行回顾性分析。结果腰椎退变性滑脱好发于第4腰椎,滑脱程度多在Ⅰ度以内,多合并不同程度的退行性变。X线平片能直观地显示腰椎退变性滑脱,是诊断本病最简单而有效的方法,而CT能清楚显示椎间盘、硬膜囊、关节突和椎管内外结构的变化。结论X线平片与CT结合对腰椎退变性滑脱的诊断和治疗有着重要作用。     

腰椎退变性滑脱的平片和CT影像对比研究

为了评价平片和CT对腰椎退变性滑脱的诊断价值，总结分析了1992年7月至1995年9月因腰腿痛进行X线检查的病例，共4440例，根据不同的检查方法分为3组：（1）单纯平片检查3472例；（2）CT检查968例；（3）平片加CT检查30例。在3472例腰椎平片中发现退变性滑脱312例，占8．98％。结果表明平片是诊断腰椎退变性滑脱最简单而有效的方法。腰椎平片能直观地显示腰椎退变性滑脱，尤其对退变性滑脱发生的部位及形态类型的显示明显优于CT。而CT的优势在于能清楚地表现椎间盘、硬膜囊、关节突和椎管内外结构的变化。     

腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎的CT征象分析

目的 探讨腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎的CT征象及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析2011年8月-2013年9月在天水市第三人民医院就诊的153例腰痛患者的腰椎CT资料,采用观察CT骨窗轴位像关节突关节面、关节间隙、骨赘形成及骨质改变情况,依据LFJOA的CT征象将其分级.结果 Ⅰ级48例,Ⅱ级48例,Ⅲ级57例.腰椎小关节骨性关节炎累及3节椎间小关节90例,2节42例,1节21例;同时伴有椎间盘膨出和（或）突出,累及3节椎间盘膨出63例,2节57例,1节33例.椎间盘膨出导致LFJOA的病变率高于椎间盘突出（P＜0.05）,腰椎4～5（L4～5）小关节骨性关节炎发生率最高,其次是腰5～骶1（L5～S1）和腰3～4（L3～4）（P＜0.01）.结论 腰椎关节突关节骨性关节炎病变程度CT分级与椎间盘退变具有一致性,多层螺旋CT对腰椎关节突关节退变程度的评估和研究有临床指导意义.     

75例腰椎退变性滑脱的CT分析

目的：通过CT征象分析探讨腰椎退变性滑脱的病因。方法：75例78个滑椎的滑脱部位、程度的分析。结果：本组75例中，单发病变65例，多发病变10例，共计78个病变，发生于L4者分别占病例及病变数的81．5％和75.6％。结论：椎间盘退变是导致腰椎退行性滑脱的病因，同时脊椎周围肌肉韧带的薄弱、松弛起着相当重要的作用。     

腰椎关节突关节角度与峡部裂及退变性脊柱滑脱的关系探讨

目的探讨腰椎关节突关节面角度变化与退变性及峡部裂性脊柱滑脱的关系。方法对37例脊柱滑脱患者（L4-5，退变滑脱22例；L5-S1，峡部裂滑脱15例）与25例正常人进行对照检查。结果退变性滑脱患者关节突关节角度与对照相比明显偏向于矢状位（P〈0．01）；而峡部裂滑脱患者关节突关节角度与对照组相比无明显差异（P〉0．10）；退变性滑脱患者关节突关节不对称与对照组相比无明显差异（P〉0．05），峡部裂滑脱患者关节突关节不对称与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论退变性腰椎滑脱关节突关节面方向更接近矢状位，峡部裂腰椎滑脱患者关节突关节面无一定方向性，关节突关节角度的不对称可能对峡部裂的形成有一定影响。关节突关节角偏向矢状方向有早期出现滑脱的危险；关节突关节不对称提示峡部裂发生的可能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.