太极拳锻炼周期对原发性高血压的血压及心血管危险因素的影响:系统性评价和Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析系统性评价太极拳锻炼持续周期是否影响原发性高血压患者的治疗效果,为原发性高血压患者提供合理的运动干预方案。方法 检索从中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Science Direct、Web Of Science等电子数库中关于太极拳对原发性高血压治疗效果的随机对照试验,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终筛选21篇文献,总计有2 129名参与者。Meta分析结果提示:与对照组相比太极拳锻炼持续周期12周以上更有利于收缩压[M D=-10.20,95% C I(-14.57,-5.83)]和舒张压[M D=-5.12,95% C I(-7.63,-2.60)]水平的降低;能提高原发性高血压患者NO含量[M D=6.87,95% C I(4.83,8.90)];改善高血压患者除HDL-C之外的血脂代谢水平:TC[M D=-0.51,95% C I(-0.69,-0.33)]、TG[M D=-0.72,95% C I(-1.09,-0.36)]、LDL-C[M D=-0.59,95% C I(-0.87,-0.32)]。亚组分析结果提示运动频率≥5次/周、运动时间<60 min/d有较好的降压效果。结论 Meta分析表明,与其他持续周期相比,太极拳锻炼持续周期12周以上,每次运动时长控制在60 min以内,每周运动5次以上对降低血压水平、提高NO含量,改善血脂代谢效果最为明显,应值得在临床上推广。     

糖皮质激素对晚期肿瘤患者免疫疗效影响的Meta分析

目的 探讨糖皮质激素(glucocorticoid, GC)的使用对接受免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)治疗的肿瘤患者的总生存期(overall survival, OS)和无进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)的影响。方法 使用PubMed、Wiley、Web of Science和Cochrane Library数据库检索2020年10月以前发表的有关肿瘤患者在接受ICIs治疗期间,GC使用对患者预后影响的文献,采用Review Manager 5.3软件和Stata14.0软件进行统计分析。结果 总共有23篇文献被纳入荟萃分析,Meta分析结果显示在晚期肿瘤患者接受ICIs治疗期间,GC的使用是死亡(H R=1.54, 95% C I=1.29~1.83)和疾病进展(H R=1.82, 95% C I=1.36~2.43)的危险因素。此外,亚组分析结果显示,GC用于缓解脑水肿、癌痛等肿瘤相关并发症时会增加患者死亡(H R=2.14, 95% C I=1.62~2.81)和疾病进展(H R=2.26,95% C I=1.72~2.96)的风险。然而,GC被用于处理免疫相关不良反应(immune-related adverse events,irAEs)等非肿瘤相关性并发症,GC的使用与未使用或者小剂量(<10 mg/d)使用相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 当GC用于处理肿瘤相关性并发症时,GC的使用对接受免疫治疗的肿瘤患者的预后会造成负面影响。     

诊断年龄对风湿性多肌痛临床特征的影响: 68例患者的单中心回顾性队列研究

目的 比较不同诊断年龄(>60岁和≤60岁)风湿性多肌痛(polymyalgia rheumatica, PMR)患者的临床特征。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年12月我院诊治的风湿性多肌痛患者68例,依据诊断年龄,分为PMR≤60岁组(24例)和PMR>60岁组(44例),比较两组临床资料(一般资料、临床表现、实验室指标、治疗反应)。结果 两组病程、是否吸烟差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),与PMR≤60岁组相比,PMR>60岁组女性占比更高(P<0.05);两组在体重减轻、发热、肩胛带肌痛、骨盆带肌痛、颈痛、腰痛、晨僵方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与PMR≤60岁组相比,PMR>60岁组血沉(ESR)、 C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较高,血红蛋白(Hb)水平较低(均 P<0.05);所有的患者均接受一线糖皮质激素治疗,两组单独使用糖皮质激素占比、糖皮质激素累积剂量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),与PMR>60岁组相比,PMR≤60岁组复发占比较少(P<0.05)。结论 与诊断年龄>60岁的PMR患者相比,诊断年龄≤60岁的患者复发风险较低,更积极的糖皮质激素治疗是不合理的。     

肾小管酸中毒性骨病1例

患者男,49岁.因"腰腿疼痛3年,加重1个月"来诊.患者既往有慢性乙型肝炎病史,长期服用多种抗病毒药物.入院查体:腰椎及髋部压痛明显,直腿抬高试验及"4"字征(-).实验室检查:HLA B27(-).尿常规检查:尿蛋白(-),尿糖:(+),尿pH值7.00;电解质:TCO2 17.21 mmol/L,K+ 3.26 mmol/L,Cl- 106.00 mmol/L;肾功能检查:Cr 106.00 μmol/L,Bun 6.90 mmol/L.血钙1.92 mmol/L,血磷1.80 mmol/L.     

先天性中枢神经系统复合畸形1例临床及遗传学分析:一个包含VANGL1基因突变的识别

目的 探讨1例先天性中枢神经系统复合畸形的临床和遗传学特征。方法 收集患儿临床资料,采用下一代基因测序技术捕获外显子组致病突变,并进行Sanger测序验证。结果 基因测序回报 V A N G L 1基因错义突变c.542G>A(p.R181Q),患儿术后不规律随访至2周岁,暂时未见神经、运动、营养等生长发育异常表现。结论 本案例拓展了国内 V A N G L 1基因错义突变的致病谱,为此类患儿的产检、治疗及随访提供一定的临床及实验室依据。     

如何判断期刊是否为正规期刊

<正>登录国家新闻出版总署网站:http://www.gapp.gov.cn/cms/html/21/index.html,点击"公众服务"中"查询服务",输入期刊名称,如果显示出刊号则为获得国家新闻出版总署批准的正规期刊。     

如何判断期刊是否为正规期刊

<正>登录国家新闻出版总署网站:http://www.gapp.gov.cn/cms/html/21/index.html,点击"公众服务"中"查询服务",输入期刊名称,如果显示出刊号则为获得国家新闻出版总署批准的正规期刊。     

全麻下急症胆囊切除术后苏醒延迟1例

病例介绍 患者男,73岁.2007年5月18日因"突发右上腹痛,伴寒战高热半天"来我院就诊.入院检查示体温:39℃,脉搏:100次/min,呼吸:18次/min,血压:138/70mmHg,体重50 kg.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.