细胞因子在小鼠慢性胰腺炎中的表达及其意义

目的初步探讨细胞因子白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、组织金属蛋白酶抑制物1(TIMP-1)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白4(IGFBP-4)在慢性胰腺炎中的表达及作用。方法小鼠腹腔注射雨蛙肽成功制备慢性胰腺炎小鼠模型,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测慢性胰腺炎小鼠造模组(n=12)与生理盐水注射正常小鼠对照组(n=12)血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ、TIMP-1、IGF-1和IGFBP-4的变化。结果雨蛙肽造模组中IL-1β、IL-6、IFN-γ和TIMP-1在血清中的含量较生理盐水对照组显著升高:IL-1β(156.80±12.53)ng/L vs(23.79±5.94)ng/L;IL-6(97.04±11.61)ng/L vs(48.89±7.23)ng/L;IFN-γ(66.44±6.11)ng/L vs(31.59±2.02)ng/L;TIMP-1(2 368.98±245.18)ng/L vs(1 790±167.89)ng/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是血清中IGF-1和IGFBP-4的含量在两组之间的差异无统计学意义,IL-1β、IL-6和TIMP-1在血清中的含量与胰腺纤维化百分比呈正相关(r=0.734、0.776、0.629,P<0.05),而IFN-γ在血清中的含量与纤维化的百分比呈负相关(r=-0.818,P<0.05)。结论慢性胰腺炎的发生与细胞因子的浓度改变和细胞因子网络紊乱失衡有着密切的关系。     

乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染儿童干扰素-γ、白细胞介素-4水平变化研究

目的 分析乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)宫内感染儿童干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平变化.方法 采用双抗夹心ELISA法检测HBV宫内感染21例及宫内未感染25例脐血IFN-γ、Ⅱ-4并追踪检测其1周岁时外周静脉血血清中乙型肝炎指标及IFN-γ、IL-4水平.结果 出生时,宫内感染组及未感染组IFN-γ[(12.23±2.41)与(12.91±2.38)ng/L]及IL-4[(21.37±2.13)与(21.14±2.15)ng/L]水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).9例儿童1岁时HBsAg阳性,抗HBs≤10 mIU,免疫失败.宫内未感染组及免疫有效组IFN-γ水平增加高于免疫失败组[(39.05±6.92)、(36.21±6.45)、(23.40±4.12)ng/L],差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).3组IL-4增加均不明显,差异无统计学意义[(30.06 ±9.01)、(28.53±8.49)、(26.51±4.67)ng/L,P＞0.05].结论 新生儿细胞因子水平低下,1岁时1型细胞因子分泌不足可能是宫内感染HBV导致乙肝疫苗免疫失败的原因之一.     

Tim-3及Th-17在儿童急性ITP发病机制中的作用

目的 探讨Tim-3、Th17细胞及Treg细胞在ITP患者中的表达及其临床意义.方法 应用流式细胞术检测42例ITP患者与39名健康对照者Th17细胞及Treg细胞的表达;采用ELISA法检测外周血血浆中IL-17、IFN-γ和IL-4的表达;应用RT-PCR方法 检测Tim-3、IFN-γ、IL-4、T-bet等细胞因子和转录因子的mRNA表达.结果 ITP患者Th17细胞比例为(2.41±1.43)%,明显高于健康对照组的(1.08±0.59)%,差异有统计学意义(t=5.35,P<0.05);ITP患者Treg细胞比例为(1.64±0.74)%,明显低于健康对照组的(3.12±0.52)%,差异有统计学意义(t=10.33,P<0.05).IL-17在ITP患者血浆中的表达水平为(14.42±6.37)ng/L,健康对照组为(13.91±4.47)ng/L,差异无统计学意义(t=0.42,P>0.05);而ITP患者血浆IFN-γ含量为(55.74±15.25)ng/L,较健康对照组的(31.33±12.99)ng/L明显升高,IL-4含量为(7.42±1.50)ng/L,较健康对照组的(18.17±5.19)ng/L明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t=7.72、2.87,P均<0.05).ITP患者的T-bet mRNA和IFN-γmRNA表达水平明显升高,分别为健康对照组的(3.34±1.32)倍和(8.57±3.44)倍,差异有统计学意义(t=6.41、13.21,P<0.05);而Tim-3 mRNA和IL-4 mRNA表达水平明显下降,分别为健康对照的(0.29±0.15)倍和(0.25±0.15)侪,差异均有统计学意义(t=9.61、10.02,P<0.05).结论 Th17/Treg细胞亚群比例失调和Tim-3的表达下降可能是ITP发生和发展的重要决定因素.     

系统性红斑狼疮患者血清催乳素水平与Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡研究

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血催乳素(PRL)水平、Th1/Th2细胞因子分泌模式与SLE患者病情活动的关系.方法 检测40例SLE患者(SLE组)血清PRL IFN-γ、IL-4水平,分析二者与SLE病情活动的关系并与20例健康献血者(对照组)比较.结果 ①SLE组较正常对照组血清PRL[(21.58±4.29)ng/ml与(11.87±2.57)ng/ml,P<0.01)]、IL-4[(26.79±5.08)ng/L与(10.71±1.35)ng/L,P<0.01)]高,而IFN-γ[(11.47±3.36)ng/L与(18.36±2.61)ng/L,P<0.01)]、IFN-γ/IL-4(0.76±0.29与2.30±0.15,P<0.01)较正常对照组低.②SLE病情活动组PRL[(28.07±6.36)ng/ml与(14.61±2.14)ng/ml,P<0.01)]、IL-4[(38.52±8.44)ng/L与(14.15±1.63)ng/L,P<0.01)]高于病情稳定组,而IFN-γ[(6.98±2.72)ng/L与(16.24±2.57)ng/L,P<0.01)]、IFN-γ/IL-4(0.35±0.14与1.24±0.29,P<0.01)水平低于病情稳定组.③SEE活动期组10例患者治疗好转后较治疗前PRL[(39.41±11.65)ng/ml与(14.49±8.65)ng/ml,P<0.01)]、IL-4[(45.12±10.44)ng/L与(17.53±5.42)ng/L,P<0.01)]下降,IFN-γ[(6.31±2.59)ng/L与(16.89±4.43)ng/L,P<0.01)]、IFN-γ/IL-4(0.16±0.11与1.16±0.27,P<0.01)回升.结论 SLE患者存在高PRL血症及Th2细胞因子优势,高PRL血症和Th1/Th2比值失衡程度与病情活动呈消长关系.     

肺癌患者IFN-γ和IL-10水平的变化

本文用ELISA方法,检测了30例晚期肺癌患者的外周血培养液中的IFN-γ和IL-10水平,并以38名正常健康人作对照.结果表明,肺癌患者的IFN-γ水平(229.3±68.6 ng/L) 明显地低于正常人(444.5±113.8 ng/L),P＜0.01 ,而IL-10水平(261.7±36.0 ng/L)则明显地高于正常人(171.7±41.3 ng/L),P＜0.01.同时,肺癌患者的IFN-γ和IL-10水平之间呈明显的负相关(γ为-0.582,P＜0.01 ).结论:肺癌患者细胞因子IFN-γ,IL-10的变化,可间接反映肺癌患者Th细胞的异常漂移,可能是肺癌患者体内免疫调节紊乱的一种表现.     

脓毒症大鼠调节性T细胞凋亡对辅助性T细胞漂移的影响及血必净注射液的干预作用

目的 探讨脓毒症大鼠CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)凋亡对辅助性T细胞(Th)漂移的影响及血必净注射液的干预作用.方法 将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、血必净组,每组8只.行盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)制备脓毒症大鼠模型.于第3日采用免疫磁珠法分选各组CD4+CD25+Treg并培养12 h,用流式细胞仪检测Treg凋亡率及叉头翼状螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)和T淋巴细胞毒性相关抗原4(CTLA-4)的表达,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的分泌量;再将CD4+CD25+ Treg与CD4+CD25-T细胞1∶1共培养,刀豆素A刺激68 h,ELISA检测Th1、Th2、Th17分泌的γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、IL-4、IL-17水平.结果 正常组Treg凋亡率[(12.03±0.89)%]与假手术组[(9.48±2.17)%]比较差异无统计学意义;模型组Treg凋亡率[(5.87±0.44)%]明显低于正常组和假手术组;而血必净组的Treg凋亡率[(27.29±2.48)%]显著高于其他各组(P均<0.01).Foxp3、CTLA-4表达和IL-10分泌量随Treg凋亡率增加而减少,相关系数(r)分别为-0.878(P=0.042)、-0.877(P=0.042)、-0.743(P=0.010).与正常组比较,模型组IFN-γ、IL-4水平和IFN-γ/IL-4比值均明显升高[IFN-γ:(254.70±44.88)ng/L比(0.68±0.78)ng/L,IL-4:(8.82±0.61)ng/L比(3.48±0.98)ng/L,IFN-γ/IL-4比值:30.28±4.87比0.23±0.30,P均<0.01];而血必净组IFN-γ[(491.54±84.28)ng/L]和IFN-γ/IL-4比值(45.31±8.01)均显著高于模型组(P<0.01和P<0.05);各组间IL-17水平无明显差异(P均>0.05).结论 脓毒症时Treg凋亡率增加可减轻对效应T细胞的抑制功能,血必净注射液能有效促进脓毒症Treg凋亡,介导Th2向Th1漂移.     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者树突状细胞中细胞因子及其信号转导抑制分子变化的意义

目的 观察细胞因子信号转导抑制分子(SOCS)在原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)患者树突状细胞(DC)及其表型和分泌细胞因子的变化,以研究SOCS在PBC发病机制中的作用.方法 对10例PBC患者和8名健康人,用流式细胞术(FCM)分析其DC表型CD83、CD86和人类白细胞抗原DR(HLA-DR),用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测DC培养上清液中细胞因子白细胞介素-10(IL10)、IL-12和干扰素-γ(IFN－γ)含量,用免疫印迹法(WB)测定DC中SOCS1和SOCS3水平；并评价分析这些指标在2组中的变化特征.结果 PBC患者外周血中DC细胞表型CD83、CD86和HLA-DR 的表达率分别为(79.4±4.8)％、(86.5±6.3)％和(90.0±3.5)％,均高于健康对照组的表达率[(68.3±4.1)％、(74.2±6.3)％和(83.6±7.6)％,t值分别为5.340、4.120和2.514,P均＜0.05]；DC分泌的IL-12和IFN-γ含量分别为(53.5±11.1)、(32.0±9.0)ng/L,与健康对照组的细胞因子含量[(32.1±10.7)、(15.4±8.1)ng/L]相比,IL-12和IFN-γ均显著升高(t值分别为4.123和3.818,P均＜0.01)；IL-10含量为(7.0±4.6) ng/L,与健康对照组[(5.8±4.2) ng/L]相比,差异无统计学意义(t=0.563,P＞0.05)；WB检测PBC组DC中SOCS1和SOCS3的表达比健康对照组明显降低.结论 PBC患者体内DC更倾向于成熟状态,其抗原递呈能力明显增强,SOCS的低表达可能与免疫平衡紊乱和免疫耐受破坏有关.     

HCV NS3诱导小鼠特异性T细胞反应的抗原多肽序列筛选

目的 筛选HCV NS3的小鼠T细胞表位多肽序列.方法 BALB/c小鼠用HCV NS3加po-ly （I∶C）或CpG ODN及Montanide ISA720佐剂免疫后,分离其脾淋巴细胞,以覆盖HCV NS3全基因的合成重叠多肽组成的不同多肽库进行刺激,以ELISPOT及流式细胞术检测分泌干扰素γ（IFN-γ）的细胞数及CD8＋/IFN-γ＋细胞或CD4 ＋/IFN-γ＋细胞百分比,确定抗原性最强的多肽库,找出HCV NS3的小鼠T细胞表位多肽.结果 通过ELISPOT及流式细胞术检测,能够刺激淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ最多及CD8 ＋/IFN-γ＋细胞或CD4＋/IFN-γ＋细胞百分比最高的多肽被选出作为阳性多肽,其中的一个多肽经进一步的ELISPOT及流式细胞术检测确认,其序列为GGCSGGAYDⅢCDECHS.结论 HCV NS3小鼠T细胞表位序列的确定为HCV疫苗的研究打下了基础.     

慢性血吸虫感染对脓毒症小鼠保护作用的研究

目的 初步探讨慢性血吸虫(SJ)感染对脓毒症小鼠的保护作用及其机制.方法 选择BALB/c雄性小鼠,按随机数字表法分组进行三部分实验.实验1:经腹部皮肤接种SJ尾蚴感染8周建立慢性SJ感染模型,分为正常组和SJ组,每组10只;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素(IL-4和IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测腹腔巨噬细胞IL-10和TNF-α的mRNA表达,了解慢性SJ感染小鼠免疫状态.实验2:以脂多糖(LPS)腹腔注射诱导小鼠脓毒症模型,分为LPS组和SJ-LPS组,每组15只;用ELISA法动态观察注射LPS后0、24、48和72 h细胞因子的变化,0 h的水平相当于正常小鼠和SJ感染8周水平,观察慢性SJ感染对脓毒症过程的影响.实验3:分别以盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)和LPS诱导两种不同的脓毒症模型,评价慢性SJ感染对脓毒症小鼠72 h存活率的影响.结果 实验1:SJ组血清抗炎因子IL-4[(151.35±12.24)ng/L]和IL-10[(133.22±11.09)ng/L]水平较正常组[IL-4(56.32±8.66)ng/L,IL-10(48.17±7.23)ng/L]显著升高(均P＜0.05),并可使巨噬细胞向替代活化性巨噬细胞分化,慢性SJ感染使腹腔巨噬细胞高表达IL-10 mRNA(SJ组4.46±1.82,正常组1.52±0.60),抑制TNF-α mRNA表达(SJ组1.61±0.93,正常组2.32±1.03,均P＜0.05).实验2、3:慢性SJ感染小鼠血清IL-4、IL-10于注射LPS后0 h即显著升高,随后下降,至72 h仍明显高于LPS组[IL-4(ng/L):92.2±7.6比41.5±4.5;IL-10(ng/L):92.1±7.8比35.6±4.0,均P＜0.05];TNF-α、IFN-γ均于24 h达峰值后逐渐下降,至72 h SJ-LPS组仍显著低于LPS组[TNF-α(ng/L):82.9±5.6比91.5±5.2;IFN-γ(ng/L):44.1±4.8比52.6±4.0,均P＜0.05].慢性SJ感染可明显改善CLP或LPS所致脓毒症小鼠的存活率(CLP:80%比20%,LPS:70%比30%,均P＜0.05).结论 慢性SJ感染可使脓毒症小鼠血清抗炎因子升高,存活率上升,从而起到保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To preliminarily study the protective effect of chronic schistosoma japonica (SJ)infestation against sepsis in mice and its mechanism. Methods BALB/c male mice were used, and the experiment was divided into three parts. Experiment 1: chronic SJ infestation model was reproduced by SJ cercaria inoculation through abdominal skin for 8 weeks. Twenty mice were randomly grouped into normal group (n=10) and SJ group (n=10). The levels of interleukins (IL-4, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the levels of IL-10 mRNA and TNF-αmRNA in abdominal macrophages. This experiment was meant to evaluate immune state in mice with chronic SJ infestation. Experiment 2: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected to reproduce sepsis model. Thirty mice were randomly grouped into LPS group (n=15) and SJ-LPS group (n=15). The levels of cytokines were determined by ELISA at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS injection. This experiment was meant to detect the effect of chronic SJ infestation in mice during the septic process. Experiment 3 : two types of sepsis model were reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and LPS injection, respectively. The survival rate of mice with chronic SJ infestation in 72 hours in either type of sepsis was evaluated. Results Experiment 1, compared with normal group [IL-4 (56.32±8.66) ng/L, IL-10 (48.17±7.23) ng/L],chronic SJ infestation showed an increase in serum IL-4 [(151. 35 ± 12. 24) ng/L] and IL-10 [(133. 22 ±11. 09) ng/L, both P＜0. 05]. Chronic SJ infestation also resulted in an increase in IL-10 mRNA expression (SJ group 4. 46±1. 82, normal group 1. 52±0. 60) and inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression (SJ group 1. 61±0.93, normal group 2. 32±1.03) in abdominal macrophages (both P＜0. 05), indicating that macrophages could be differentiated into alternative activated macrophages. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were increased at 0 hour after LPS injection, and then gradually decreased in SJ-LPS group, but the levels were still higher than those in LPS group at 72 hours [IL-4 (ng/L): 92. 2±7. 6 vs.41.5±4. 5; IL-10 (ng/L): 92. 1±7. 8 vs. 35. 6±4. 0, both P＜0. 05]; the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased at 24 hours, and then decreased in SJ-LPS group, and the levels were lower than those in LPSgroup at 72 hours [TNF-α (ng/L): 82. 9±5. 6 vs. 91. 5±5. 2; IFN-γ (ng/L): 44.1±4. 8 vs. 52. 6±4. 0,both P＜0. 05]. Therefore, chronic SJ infestation could improve the survival rate of mice with sepsis induced by CLP or LPS (CLP: 80% vs. 20%, LPS: 70% vs. 30%, both P＜0.05). Conclusion Chronic SJ infestation could elevate anti-inflammatory factors in septic mice, thus ameliorating the survival rate, so it has protective effect on mice with sepsis.     

血必净注射液对卵蛋白致敏小鼠气道MUC5AC及Th1／Th2细胞因子表达的影响

目的研究血必净注射液对卵蛋白（OVA）致敏小鼠气道MUC5AC及Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响,探讨干预气道黏液高分泌的机制。方法卵蛋白腹腔注射致敏小鼠,32只小鼠随机分组为：对照组、哮喘组、地塞米松治疗组和血必净治疗组,每组8只,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中IL-4、IFN-γ的水平变化,实时RT-PCR检测小鼠肺组织MUC5AC mRNA表达变化。结果 （1）与对照组小鼠气道MUC5A mRNA表达（0.377±0.021）相比,哮喘组（1.103±0.087）明显增多（P〈0.01）;地塞米松治疗组（0.403±0.038）及血必净治疗组（0.437±0.031）小鼠气道MUC5A mRNA表达较哮喘组明显降低（P〈0.01）;（2）与对照组小鼠BALF表达IL-4[（22.812±1.978）ng/L]及IFN-γ[（101.232±9.664）ng/L]比较,哮喘组BALF表达IL-4[（87.234±6.901）ng/L]水平升高（P〈0.01）,而IFN-γ表达[（47.231±3.887）ng/L]明显降低（P〈0.01）;与哮喘组比较,地塞米松治疗组（[36.289±3.012）ng/L]及血必净治疗组IL-4水平[（38.112±2.761）ng/L]均显著降低（P〈0.01）;结论血必净注射液降低IL-4和MUC5AC的表达,提示在抑制气道黏液高分泌及控制哮喘方面具有意义。     

Interleukin 4 and T helper type 2 cells are required for development of experimental onchocercal keratitis (river blindness)

Inflammation of the corneal stroma (stromal keratitis) is a serious complication of infection with the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus. Because stromal keratitis is believed to be immunologically mediated in humans, we used a murine model to examine the role of T cells and T helper cell cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of these eye lesions. BALB/c mice immunized subcutaneously and injected intrastromally with soluble O. volvulus antigens (OvAg) developed pronounced corneal opacification and neovascularization. The corneal stroma was edematous and contained numerous eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Stromal keratitis in immunized mice was determined to be T cell dependent based on the following observations: (a) T cell-deficient nude mice immunized and injected intrastromally with OvAg fail to develop corneal pathology; and (b) adoptive transfer of spleen cells from OvAg-immunized BALB/c mice to naive nude mice before intrastromal injection of OvAg results in development of keratitis. OvAg-stimulated lymph node and spleen cell cytokine production was dependent on CD4 cells and included interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5, but not interferon gamma, indicating a predominant T helper type 2 cell-like response. Inflamed corneas from immunized BALB/c mice and from reconstituted nude mice had greatly elevated CD4 and IL-4 gene expression compared with interferon gamma. Mice in which the IL-4 gene was disrupted failed to develop corneal disease, demonstrating that IL-4 is essential in the immunopathogenesis of O. volvulus-mediated stromal keratitis.     

The natural abundance of lambda2-light chains in inbred mice

The amino acid sequence of the constant (C) domain of the light chain of the mouse myeloma protein M315 has not been identified so far in any other myeloma protein. In this study, serological analysis with antiserum to the C-domain of this light chain (L315) showed that approximately equal to 1% of Igs in normal mouse serum have L chains of the L315 type (called lambda2). Corroborative evidence was obtained by analysis of the carboxyterminal amino acid removed from normal light chains by carboxypeptidase A. A survey of 35 inbred mouse strains showed that all had lambda2; the serum level of Igs with lambda2-chains ranged from approximately equal to 140 microgram/ml in AL/N mice to approximately equal to 25 microgram/ml in SJL, BSVS, and eight other strains. In accord with the anti-Dnp activity of M315, sera from mice immunized with Dnp-KLH had three- to fivefold more lambda2 than sera from control mice immunized with KLH. It was also possible to measure serum immunoglobulin molecules bearing the lambda2 variable region of M315 (VL315). In BALB/c sera, the concentration of VL315 was about sixfold lower than that measured for lambda2. Thus, lambda2-chains are divided into at least two subsets: those whose V domain is indistinguishable from VL315 and those whose VL differs from VL315. A 10-fold increase in VL315 was obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with Dnp-KLH. The relationship of the VL domains of normal immunoglobulin lambda2-chains to the embryonic Vlambda gene recently sequenced by Tonegawa et al., is discussed.     

高血压心肌梗死与Th1／Th2类细胞因子变化

目的探讨高血压心肌梗死患者Th1／Th2类细胞因子变化。方法临床及冠状动脉造影确诊的高血压心肌梗死患者45例为A（病例1）组,非高血压心肌梗死患者42例为B（病例2）组,冠状动脉造影无心肌梗死的高血压患者48例为C（病例3）组,常规体验健康者20例为D（对照）组。采用放射免疫法检测血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang-Ⅱ）水平,ELISA法检测血清1干扰素（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素4（IL-4）水平。结果①病例1、2、3组Ang-Ⅱ[（94．3±35．4）、（74．4±31．2）ng／L和（63．4±28．9）ng／L]及IFN-γ[（24．3±5．4）、（19．4±3．9）ng／L和（12．1±3．8）]ng／L]较对照组Ang-Ⅱ[（43．4±11．2）ng／L]及IFN-γ[（4．1±1．4）ng／L]水平升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;②病例1组IL-4水平[（14．4±10．7）ng／L与2组[（12．4±2．9）ng／L]、3组[（12．3±6．6）ng／L]及对照组[（11．4±3．9）ng／L]比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;③病例1、2和3组IFN-1与IL-4比值（0．77±0．33）、（0．62±0．24）和（0．58±0．26）较对照组（0．36±0．19）增大（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;④Ang-Ⅱ水平与IFN-γ呈正相关（r=0．52,P〈0．01）,而与IL-4水平无相关性（r=0．19,P〉0．05）。结论高血压和非高血压心肌梗死均具有较高的Ang-Ⅱ、IFN—γ及IL-4水平,但高血压心肌梗死Ang-Ⅱ、IFN-γ及IL4水平更高,这是辅助性T细胞亚群Th1／Th2功能失衡的表现;高血压心肌梗死与Th1／Th2失衡,Th1细胞功能亢进密切相关,系统免疫状态和炎性内环境的改变可能对疾病的进展起重要作用。     

Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis. Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets

We purified poly(A)+ mRNA from the spleen and lymph nodes at designated times after infection with Leishmania major in genetically susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6 mice. The steady-state levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-1 beta mRNA were determined using Northern hybridizations. IL-2 mRNA levels in the infected organs of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were comparable after infection, but IFN-gamma and IL-4 mRNA levels were reciprocally expressed. Levels of IFN-gamma mRNA in C57BL/6 draining nodes and spleen were significantly greater than in BALB/c mice except at 4 and 6 wk of infection, when splenic IFN-gamma mRNA levels were transiently comparable. In contrast, IL-4 mRNA was apparent only in BALB/c and not in C57BL/6 nodes and spleen. Tissue levels of IL-1 beta mRNA were 10-20-fold greater in BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were pretreated with GK1.5 mAb, a manipulation that promotes healing of subsequent infection by transiently depleting L3T4+ cells. At 8 wk of infection, by which time lymphoid organs were repopulated with L3T4+ cells, GK1.5-pretreated BALB/c mice produced IFN-gamma, but not IL-4 message. Serum levels of IgE were markedly elevated in infected BALB/c, but not in infected C57BL/6 or GK1.5-pretreated BALB/c mice, consistent with in vivo biologic activity of IL-4 in nonhealing mice. Treatment of infected BALB/c mice with neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibody abolished the elevation of serum IgE and significantly attenuated the progression of disease as assessed by size and ulceration of the lesion, and by reduction in the number of tissue parasites. Both protective and deleterious responses to Leishmania infection have previously been shown to be L3T4+ cell dependent. Our findings are consistent with the differential expansion of protective, IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells in healing mice, and the expansion of deleterious, IL-4-producing Th2 cells in nonhealing mice. The inverse relationship of IFN-gamma and IL-4 gene expression during leishmaniasis may underlie the divergence of cellular and humoral immunity that occurs during chronic infection with Leishmania and possibly other intracellular parasites.     

The role of interleukin 12 and nitric oxide in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease in MRLMP-lprlpr mice

MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice develop a spontaneous autoimmune disease. Serum from these mice contained significantly higher concentrations of nitrite/nitrate than serum from age-matched control MRL/MP-+/+ (MRL/+), BALB/c or CBA/6J mice. Spleen and peritoneal cells from MRL/lpr mice also produced significantly more nitric oxide (NO) than those from the control mice when cultured with interferon (IFN) gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. It is interesting to note that peritoneal cells from MRL/lpr mice also produced markedly higher concentrations of interleukin (IL) 12 than those from MRL/+ or BALB/c mice when cultured with same stimuli. It is striking that cells from MRL/lpr mice produced high concentrations of NO when cultured cells from MRL/+ or BALB/c mice. The enhanced NO synthesis induced by IFN- gamma/LPS was substantially inhibited by anti-IL-12 antibody. In addition, IL-12-induced NO production can also be markedly inhibited by anti-IFN-gamma antibody, but only weakly inhibited by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody. The effect of IL-12 on NO production was dependent on the presence of natural killer and possibly T cells. Serum from MRL/lpr mice contained significantly higher concentrations of IL-12 compared with those of MRL/+ or BALB/c control mice. Daily injection of recombinant IL-12 led to increased serum levels of IFN- gamma and NO metabolites, and accelerated glomerulonephritis in the young MRL/lpr mice (but not in the MRL/+ mice) compared with controls injected with phosphate-buffered saline alone. These data, together with previous finding that NO synthase inhibitors can ameliorate autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice, suggest that high capacity of such mice to produce IL-12 and their greater responsiveness to IL-12, leading to the production of high concentrations of NO, are important factors in this spontaneous model of autoimmune disease.     

T细胞免疫球蛋白-黏蛋白-1对卵蛋白致敏小鼠气道MUC5AC及Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响

目的 研究T细胞免疫球蛋白-黏蛋白-1（TIM-1）对卵蛋白（OVA）致敏小鼠气道MUC5AC及Th1/Th2细胞因子表达的影响,探讨气道黏液高分泌的机制.方法 OVA腹腔注射致敏小鼠,随机分组为：正常对照组（A组）、哮喘组（B组）和哮喘＋ TIM-1抗体处理组（C组）,每组8只,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液（BALD中IL-4、IFN-γ的水平变化,实时RT-PCR检测外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs） TIM-1 mRNA及气道MUC5AC mRNA表达.结果 （1）与A组小鼠外周血PBMCs表达TIM-1 mRNA（0.618±0.043）相比,B组（1.129±1.101）及C组（0.898±0.071）TIM-1 mRNA表达明显增多（P＜0.01）,且C组明显低于B组（P＜0.01）;（2）B组和C组小鼠BALF中IL-4表达分别为（67.123±3.341） ng/L和（44.217±2.201）ng/L,较A组[（23.211±2.142） ng/L]明显增多（P＜0.01）,且C组明显低于B组（P＜0.01）;B组及C组小鼠BALF表达IFN1分别为（53.475±4.776） ng/L和（87.116±5.611）ng/L,均低于A组[（124.624±9.292） ng/L] （P ＜0.01）,而C组与B组相比,有所增加（P＜0.01）;（3）B组（1.004±0.081）及C组（0.673±0.029）小鼠气道MUC5A mRNA表达与A组（0.314±0.027）相比,明显增加（P＜0.01）,且C组低于B组（P＜0.01）;（4）小鼠外周血PBMCs TIM-1 mRNA表达与IL-4、MUC5AC表达呈正相关,而与IFN-γ表达呈负相关.结论 抑制TIM-1表达可减少IL-4和MUC5AC的分泌,提高IFN-γ表达,提示在调节黏液高分泌及哮喘治疗中具有意义.     

硼替佐米对小鼠急性移植物抗宿主病作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨硼替佐米(Bortezomib)对小鼠急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的预防作用及其机制.方法 建立小鼠aGVHD动物模型,将小鼠随机分3组,A:移植对照组;B:移植+早期输注硼替佐米组;C:移植+延期输注硼替佐米组.比较各组受鼠aGVHD临床及病理改变、生存率,流式细胞术检测移植后供鼠来源细胞(H-2b+)率.体外建立单向混合淋巴细胞培养(MLC)体系,植物血凝素刺激后,分别用0、2、4、8 nmol/L的硼替佐米作用于反应体系,在不同的时间点收集细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,ELISA法检测培养上清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量.结果 移植对照组小鼠出现典型的aGVHD症状,3周内死于aGVHD,平均存活时间为16.1 d,移植加早期输注硼替佐米组小鼠aGVHD症状明显减轻,平均生存时间较移植对照组显著延长,60 d时生存率为70%,高于其他组(P<0.05),60 d时H-2b+细胞的百分率为(98.1±1.1)%.移植加延期输注硼替佐米组小鼠aGVHD症状明显较移植对照组加重,平均存活时间较A组缩短.硼替佐米对MLC体系细胞活性的抑制作用表现为剂量依赖关系,8 nmol/L硼替佐米作用24 h后细胞活性抑制率为(41.4±6.0)%;硼替佐米作用于细胞后12、24、36 h的凋亡率逐渐增加,8 nmol/L硼替佐米作用36 h后细胞凋亡率为(62.8±7.0)%;硼替佐米作用24 h后上清液中IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α浓度减少.结论 移植后早期输注硼替佐米可显著减轻小鼠异基因移植后的aGVHD、提高生存率,同时不影响骨髓植入;而移植后延期给予硼替佐米则加重aGVHD,导致受鼠死亡率增加.其机制可能是通过抑制淋巴细胞活性,诱导淋巴细胞凋亡,抑制同种反应性细胞分泌IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α.