间歇性外斜视术后同视机训练对立体视恢复与重建的影响

目的探讨同视机训练对间歇性外斜视术后双眼单视功能重建与恢复的影响。方法对80例间歇性外斜视术后患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组进行观察,治疗组应用同视机进行脱抑制及融合功能训练,检查术前、术后和术后540天的三级功能和近立体视锐度,并进行比较分析。结果治疗组与对照组相比,同视机训练后治疗组有三级功能的人数明显多于对照组,具有不同程度近立体视觉者也明显多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用同视机对间歇性外斜视术后的患者进行脱抑制及融合功能训练,对立体视的恢复与重建是有帮助的。     

双眼视觉训练仪结合同视机训练对间歇性外斜视术后患儿立体视锐度和视功能的影响

目的 探讨双眼视觉训练仪结合同视机训练对间歇性外斜视术后患儿立体视锐度和视功能的影响。方法 选取我科2018年3月至2019年3月期间126例间歇性外斜视术后患儿作为研究对象,通过随机数字表法分为三组,每组42例,A组接受同视机训练,B组接受双眼视觉训练仪训练,C组接受同视机训练联合双眼视觉训练仪训练,对比三组患者治疗前后立体视锐度、视功能以及斜视度变化程度。结果 治疗后C组立体视锐度改善程度明显优于A、B组(P<0.05);C组视功能恢复程度明显优于A、B组(P<0.05);治疗后C组斜视度改善程度优于A、B组(P<0.05)。结论 双眼视觉训练仪结合同视机训练能促进间歇性外斜视术后患儿恢复,值得临床推广及其应用。     

双眼视觉训练对间歇性外斜视儿童术后双眼视功能重建的观察

目的：分析双眼视觉训练对间歇性外斜视儿童术后双眼视功能重建效果的影响。

方法：回顾性分析2013-04/2016-04我院收治的间歇性外斜视患儿108例,其中45例术后未予以双眼视觉功能训练作为对照组,63例术后采用TSJ-IV型同视机训练软件进行双眼视觉训练作为观察组。观察两组术后双眼视觉功能重建及眼位回退情况。

结果：术前两组患儿双眼视功能、斜视度数等基线资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3mo,观察组三级视功能显著较术前改善,且观察组同时视、视觉融合及立体视患儿所占比例均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05); 观察组黄斑立体视及黄斑中心凹立体视患儿所占比例显著高于对照组,且观察组无立体视患儿所占比例明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后3mo,观察组斜视度数≤30^△患儿所占比例显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1a回访,观察组眼位回退率明显较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：间歇性外斜视术后配合同视机双眼视觉训练可促进双眼视觉功能重建,改善斜视度数,同时还可避免术后眼位回退情况。     

影响成人间歇性外斜视术后立体视功能重建情况分析

目的:调查成人间歇性外斜视术后立体视功能重建情况,并分析影响患者立体视功能重建的相关因素。方法:回顾性研究。选择2019-01/2021-01我院收治间歇性外斜视成人患者196例,所有患者均行斜视矫正手术,收集患者术前一般资料和术后患者立体视功能重建情况。结果:纳入患者196例术前均无近远立体视觉功能,术后近立体视觉功能重建率为52.6%(103/196),远立体视功能重建率为50.5%(99/196)。近立体视功能重建(103例)与未重建患者(93例)手术年龄、发病年龄、病程、术后水平斜视量等因素比较存在统计学意义(P<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析显示发病年龄、病程、术后水平斜视量是影响近立体视功能重建的因素(P<0.05);受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线显示,发病年龄、病程、术后水平斜视量用于预测患者近立体视功能重建曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.757、0.737、0.727(P<0.001)。远立体视功能重建(99例)与未重建患者(97例)在手术年龄、发病年龄、病程、术后水平斜视量比较存在统计学意义(P<0.001),多因素Logistic回...     

儿童间歇性外斜视手术前后双眼视功能的临床研究

目的 观察儿童间歇性外斜视手术后双眼视功能的恢复情况.方法 选取168例间歇性外斜视患儿,行斜视矫正手术.手术前后应用同视机检测Ⅰ级视功能和Ⅱ级视功能,用Titmus立体视觉检查图观察Ⅲ级视功能,并对数据进行统计学分析.结果 168例患儿中,术前Ⅰ级视功能82例,术后增加到130例,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前Ⅱ级视功能54例,术后增加至130例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Titmus立体视觉检查图发现,术前远立体视19例,术后增加至71例,82例患者术前有不同程度的近立体视,术后增加至136例,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 手术治疗有助于间歇性外斜视患儿双眼视功能的重建.     

不同类型斜视手术前后远近立体视的变化

目的：探讨斜视类型对术后远、近立体视恢复的影响。

方法：选取72例不同类型斜视患者,按斜视类型分为四组：组1为非调节性内斜视,组2为间歇性外斜视,组3为恒定性外斜视,组4为外斜V征伴下斜肌亢进。手术前后分别应用同视机检查远立体视。采用颜少明编绘的《立体视觉检查图》检查近立体视锐度。记录并分析术前、术后第7d,1、3、6mo的各项检查数据。

结果：斜视患者72例术后远、近立体视的恢复较术前有明显改善,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。间歇性外斜视组术后远、近立体视的恢复优于非调节性内斜视组、恒定性外斜视组及外斜V征伴下斜肌亢进组,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非调节性内斜视组、恒定性外斜视组和外斜V征伴下斜肌亢进组术后不同时期远、近立体视的恢复差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。远立体视(0例)比近立体视(19例,26%)的损害更严重,术后近立体视(51例,71%)的恢复明显优于远立体视(17例,24%),术后1mo远、近立体视恢复效果明显。

结论：不同斜视类型对术后远、近立体视恢复的影响存在差异,间歇性外斜视术后远、近立体视的恢复效果最佳。非调节性内斜视、恒定性外斜视和外斜V征伴下斜肌亢进对术后远、近立体视的恢复影响一致。斜视患者远立体视损害较重,术后近立体视恢复明显优于远立体视。     

间歇性外斜视手术量与术前立体视状况相关性研究

目的探讨间歇性外斜视术前立体视状况与手术量的关系。方法回顾分析47例常规手术量矫正的间歇性外斜视患者的术前远近立体视觉及术后眼位,与16例术前有远立体视并采用调整手术量患者手术后眼位对比研究。结果回顾性资料中,术前无立体视觉和只有近立体视觉的患者,其术后正位率,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而术前有远立体视者,其术后正位率与术前无立体视及只有近立体视者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究资料中,术前有远立体视觉的26例患者均在常规手术量的基础上适当减少手术量,术后眼正位率,与术前无立体视及仅有近立体视而采用常规手术量的患者相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术前有远立体视的间歇性外斜视,适当减小手术量,不影响手术成功率。     

不同年龄组的间歇性外斜视术后双眼视觉恢复

目的:探讨间歇性外斜视患者手术前后双眼视功能的临床早期变化规律,对选择合理的手术时机和双眼视功能预后做出合理的判断提供帮助。方法:选择在斜视矫正术后获得眼正位90例间歇性外斜视患者作为研究对象,双眼裸眼视力或矫正视力均≥0.9,无明显屈光参差者。按接受手术年龄分为三组:A(3～5岁),B(6～8岁),C(≥9岁)3组,每组30例。三组平均发病年龄分别为3.20±1.20,3.80±1.50和4.08±1.78岁;病程分别为2.15±1.45,3.42±2.42和6.80±5.10a;斜视度分别为30.50±5.50,47.50±12.56和63.25±13.80。采用三棱镜加遮盖法检查6m及33cm的远近斜视度,以三棱镜度记录;颜少明《立体视觉检查图》检查近立体视;同视机检查远立体视。术后2,4,6wk随访。结果:三组术前平均发病年龄的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),病程、斜视度数的差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。术后观察6wk,双眼视觉功能与术前比较,差异均有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:间歇性外斜视患者的发病年龄、手术年龄、病程与术后双眼视觉的恢复、重建及功能治愈有密切关系,发病年龄越早,病程越长,对双眼视觉损害就越大,术后恢复越差,双眼视觉的恢复和重建及功能治愈所需时间长。视觉发育成熟后(≥9岁)行斜视手术,术后双眼视觉恢复慢,所需时间长。     

儿童间歇性外斜视术后近立体视功能的临床观察

目的 探讨儿童间歇性外斜视术后近立体视功能的变化.方法 回顾性分析儿童间歇性外斜视69例的临床资料,分析比较手术治疗前后近立体视的变化.结果 手术后近立体视分布有明显变化,周围立体视组有2例恢复为黄斑中心凹立体视,黄斑立体视组有12例恢复为黄斑中心凹立体视,与手术前比较有统计学差异,P＜0.05;手术后患儿的立体视锐度均有不同程度的改善,与手术前比较有明显统计学差异,P＜0.01.结论 儿童间歇性外斜视术后近立体视功能可得到一定程度的恢复.     

间歇性外斜视手术量与立体视觉关系的研究

目的探讨立体视觉与间歇性外斜视手术量的关系,以提高术后正位率。方法回顾性分析我院按常规手术量矫正的间歇性外斜视患者病例资料,查验其术前有无远近立体视觉及术后眼位情况;另对间歇性外斜视中具有远立体视患者进行手术量调整的研究。结果回顾性资料中,术前无立体视觉和只有近立体视觉的患者,其术后正位率,二者差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。而术前有远立体视者,其术后正位率与术前无立体视及只有近立体视者差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。研究资料中,术前有远立体视觉的患者均在常规手术量的基础上适当减少手术量,术后眼正位率,与术前无立体视及仅有近立体视而采用常规手术量的患者相比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论根据术前远立体视的存在与否,调整间歇性外斜视的手术量,可提高一次手术成功率。     

Orthoptic treatment efficiency in convergence insufficiency treatment

We studied a group of 162 patients(89 females, 73 males), with ages between 15-30 years, who complained of blurred vision at near work. 98 patients(60.4%) were diagnosed with convergence insufficiency (C.I.), the rest of 64 patients(39.6%) had: low refractive errors, heterophoria and intermittent heterotropia. Patients with convergence insufficiency were divided in 3 groups: group 1(34 patients--34.6%) were treated with orthoptic exercises and near point exercises at home, group 2 (34 patients--34.6%) were treated with only near point exercises at home and control group 3 (30 patients--30.8%) without treatment. The result of the treatment of C.I. was good at 25 patients(73.5%) of group 1, at 8 patients(23.5%) of group 2 while in group 3 at only one patient the symptoms disappeared.     

Topography-guided custom ablation treatment for treatment of keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive ectatic disorder of the cornea which often presents with fluctuating refraction and high irregular astigmatism. Correcting the vision of these patients is often a challenge because glasses are unable to correct the irregular astigmatism and regular contact lenses may not fit them very well. Topography-guided custom ablation treatment (T-CAT) is a procedure of limited ablation of the cornea using excimer laser with the aim of regularizing the cornea, improving the quality of vision and possibly contact lens fit. The aim of the procedure is not to give a complete refractive correction. It has been tried with a lot of success by various groups of refractive surgeons around the world but a meticulous and methodical planning of the procedure is essential to ensure optimum results. In this paper, we attempt to elucidate the planning for a T-CAT procedure for various types of cones and asphericities.     

糖尿病视网膜病变的药物治疗

糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)最为常见和严重的微血管并发症之一,已成为四大主要致盲病因之一,传统的DR治疗方法包括激光光凝和玻璃体手术等。虽然这些方法大大降低了DR的致盲率。然而其提高视力的可能性很小。因此,治疗效果并不理想。随着对DR发病机制认识的提高,药物治疗可以阻断DR发病机制的各个途径,已经成为DR治疗研究的热点,是目前一个重要的研究方向。我们对蛋白激酶C抑制剂、抗血小板聚集药、抗氧化剂、糖皮质激素、醛糖还原酶抑制剂、3-羟基-3甲基-戊二酰辅酶A抑制剂、免疫相关因子IL-1β以及中药等治疗进展作一综述。     

Amblyopia treatment studies

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Amblyopia continues to be a major cause of vision loss in children. Several different treatment modalities exist. Research in the field of amblyopia has been very active over the past few years, and clinical practice patterns are changing. RECENT FINDINGS: Atropine has been found to be effective in the treatment of amblyopia. Less intense patching regimens have been found to be effective as well. Many other aspects of amblyopia therapy are being investigated. SUMMARY: Herein are current reviews of the major clinical amblyopia studies. Various treatment options are reviewed, and controversies in the field are discussed.     

Mortality after deferral of treatment or no treatment for choroidal melanoma

PURPOSE: To report mortality of patients who were eligible for enrollment in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) clinical trials of medium-sized choroidal melanoma or large-sized choroidal melanoma but chose to defer treatment or receive no melanoma treatment. DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized multicenter cohort study as an adjunct to the COMS randomized clinical trials. METHODS: Patient follow-up procedures included examinations, correspondence, telephone contacts, and National Death Index searches. Primary outcome was patient death measured by all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were melanoma treatment and melanoma metastasis. RESULTS: Of 77 patients eligible for the COMS clinical trials who chose to defer or receive no melanoma treatment, 61 were appropriate candidates and 45 (74%) enrolled in the natural history study. Forty-two patients (42 eyes) had medium melanoma, and median follow-up was 5.3 years (range, 4-10.7 years). Twenty-two patients (52%) had subsequent melanoma treatment, and 20 (48%) had no melanoma treatment. For the 42 patients, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of 5-year mortality was approximately 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-47%). For the COMS medium melanoma trial, 5-year mortality was 18% (95% CI, 16% -20%), not statistically significantly different from the natural history study patients. After adjusting for differences in age and longest basal diameter, the 5-year risk of death for natural history study patients vs COMS trial patients was 1.54 (95% CI, 0.93-2.56). Three patients had large melanoma. Melanoma metastasis was confirmed or suspected in eight (42%) of 19 deaths. CONCLUSION: Greater mortality and higher risk of death for natural history study patients are probative but not conclusive evidence of a beneficial, life-extending effect of medium melanoma treatment.     

The treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis. Results of differing approaches to treatment

The authors treated 26 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis over a 4-year period, between 1983 and 1986. Nineteen patients were culture-positive and seven were culture-negative. All patients received intravitreal antibiotics as part of their treatment regimen. Culture-negative patients generally responded well to a single intravitreal antibiotic injection. Five of seven (71.4%) culture-positive patients who were treated with a single intravitreal antibiotic injection and no vitrectomy suffered either a recurrence of their infection or did not respond to treatment. Four of five patients who received a vitrectomy in addition to a single intravitreal antibiotic injection were cured of their infections; the one patient who received repeated intravitreal antibiotic injections alone and all six patients who received repeated intravitreal antibiotic injections in combination with vitrectomy were cured of their infections. Although the intravitreal injection of antibiotics provides an extremely high initial level of antibiotics inside the eye, a single intravitreal antibiotic injection may only partially treat bacterial endophthalmitis. In culture-negative cases, a single intravitreal injection of antibiotics appears to be sufficient treatment. In culture-positive cases, a higher cure rate is achieved with an aggressive approach which includes the use of repeated intravitreal antibiotic injections and/or vitrectomy.