完全性失语症8例语言康复情况分析

１对象与方法１．１对象１９９８年５月～２００１年２月共收治８例完全性失语症患者，均为男性，年龄４３～６６岁，脑出血３例，脑梗死５例；文化程度：大学２例，高中１例，初中４例，小学１例。根据BDAE失语症严重程度分级标准１级２例；０级６例。１．２治疗方法分别于患者病情平稳后２～４周开始一对一语言训练，１h／d，其余时间由家属配合每天为患者做两三次语言康复训练，方法如下：（１）由治疗师通过实物、图片、字卡、声音、手势、口型等多途径刺激，可以互相促进效果，因人而异，由易到难、由浅入深、循序渐进。（２）语言康…     

采用多种方法对聋儿进行口语训练

１聋儿具备学习口语的基本条件正常儿童掌握口语主要依靠听觉、视觉和运动觉３方面的综合运用 ,其中听觉起着关键作用。聋儿虽然有听力障碍 ,但大部分聋儿具有学习有声语言的基本条件 :（１）绝大多数聋儿发音器官比较完善。（２）一般的聋儿都具有不同程度的残余听力 ,通过借助助听放大设备 ,可以有效地学习和理解有声语言。（３）教师可以借助视觉、触觉和运动觉对其进行语言训练。（４）心理学研究证明 ,３～７岁是聋儿学习掌握有声语言的重要时期 ,对聋儿进行口语训练应从这时抓起。２运用多种方法对聋儿进行口语训练２．１强化聋儿的发…     

小儿麻痹后遗症的综合康复治疗

小儿麻痹后遗症是小儿主要运动障碍性疾病之一。主要表现为中枢性运动功能障碍和姿势异常。为提高小儿麻痹后遗症的综合康复治疗水平,从１９９６年～１９９８年本组根据患者年龄,功能障碍程度,将２０例手术治疗的病历进行分组。Ａ组为手术后,施行康复功能训练治疗,Ｂ组为手术后未进行康复功能训练治疗,总结如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料Ａ组：８例,男５例,女３例。１０～１５岁６例。１６～２１岁２例。Ｂ组：１２例,男８例,女４例。年龄９～２１岁。１．２治疗方法１．２．１手术方式见表１。１．２．２心理治疗在手术前当病…     

体态性语言对聋哑患儿康复治疗的影响

体态语言又称“非词语性语言”，是人们在交流过程中使用的一种无声的信息交流方式。如：服饰、神态、手势、眼神、姿态、表情、双方位置的远近等。聋哑患儿由于语言表达和听觉功能障碍给康复治疗工作带来一定的困难。在工作中应使用有固定含义易被对方理解的体态性语言进行交流，影响患儿的心理状态是非常必要的。１对象与方法从１９９６～２０００年，共收治２３例聋哑患儿，其中男性患儿１５例，女性患儿８例，肺炎１２例（男８例，女４例），菌痢８例（男５例，女３例），胃肠炎３例（男２例，女１例），患儿均表现为内向性格，较孤僻，…     

聋幼儿听力语言康复评估

目的：探讨聋儿配戴助听器后不同的听力补偿效果与语言识别率、语音清晰度以及语言表达能力的关系。方法：应用统一试用的全国聋幼儿康复评估标准,分五个组对全国１４ 省市２０１ 名聋幼儿进行听力语言康复评估,并经统计分析处理。结果：聋儿配戴助听器后不同的听力补偿效果与其它３ 项均成正向相关,（ｒ ＞ ０．９,Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。聋儿的语言表达能力与康复训练时间亦呈正向相关（ｒ ＝ ０．９５, Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。结论：为聋儿科学地选配助听器,保证其良好的助听效果,并使其坚持长期的听力训练及语言学习是促进聋儿早期康复的首要条件。     

聋幼儿听力语言康复评估

目的：探讨聋儿配戴助听器后不同的听力补偿效果与语言识别率、语音清晰度以及语言表达能力的关系。方法：应用统一试用的全国聋蚰儿康复评估标准,分五个组对生国14省市201名聋幼儿进行听力语言康复评估,并经统计分析处理。结果：聋儿配戴助听器后不同的听力补偿敏果与其它3项均成正向相关,(r>0.9,P<0.05)。聋儿的语言表达能力与康复训练时间亦呈正向相关(r=0.95．P<0.01)。结论：为聋儿科学地选配助听器．保证其良好的助听效果,并使其坚持长期的听力训练及语言学习是促进聋儿早期康复的首要条件。     

小儿坐骨神经损伤康复护理

１资料与方法 资料：我科在１９９９年５月～２０００年５月共收治６例小儿臀部注射引起的坐骨神经损伤,受损神经主要为腓总神经。其中男４例,女２例,年龄２～１２岁。 康复护理方法：应立即停止在该部位继续注射任何药物,适当休息,患肢在早期不能多活动,保持患肢功能位置,对患肢进行被动运动。最关键是每天坚持康复疗法,根据患儿年龄和患病程度不同选择不同康复护理措施。１～４岁小儿每天早晨给予被动做操按摩关节部位每次３０ｍｉｎ。５岁以上小儿每天嘱患儿训练站立平均和行走练习（１）站立平衡训练①双足分开 ５～１０ｃｍ以…     

对脑性瘫痪患儿实施护理干预的效果分析

本文对８例脑性瘫痪（脑瘫）患儿开展早期运动康复干预,效果显著。现报道如下。１对象与方法１．１对象１９９９年４月～２０００年４月以来我科门诊就诊的脑瘫患儿共８例,男５例,女３例;年龄１．５～３．５岁;痉挛型１例,松弛型４例,共济失调型１例,混合型２例。并经临床头颅CT、脑电图检查。１．２方法根据综合评定对每个患儿存在的运动障碍的程度制定有针对性的康复方案。主要目标为：放松其僵硬的肌肉;减少身体痉挛性姿势;训练正确的卧、坐、站、走等姿势。患儿生命体征稳定后,即可采取一对一方式进行运动功能训练。（１）…     

聋儿助听效果评估

０引言助听器始终处于最佳补偿状态是聋儿顺利成功康复的前提，然而聋儿由于自身特点所限，一般难以对其助听效果作出主观评价。因此，家长和康复教师掌握一些简便、易行的助听效果评估方法十分必要。１评估目的（１）明确助听效果；发现助听问题。（２）为优化助听效果提供重要依据。（３）为制定聋儿康复对策提供理论依据。２评估标准犤１－２犦２．１耳聋程度（dBHL）与助听效果轻度聋（２６～４０），可不用中度聋（４１～５５），效果最好；中重度聋（５６～７０），效果好；重度聋（７１～９０），效果较好；极度聋（９１～１１０）…     

脑卒中后运动障碍康复疗效的观察

３８９例脑卒中偏瘫住院患者按病程分为３组：组１ １２０你,病程〈３个月;组２ １６４例,病程４～１２个月;组３ １０５例,病程〉１年。３组患者在康复治疗前后均由康复医师采用上田敏篇瘫功能１２级法和Ｂａｒｔｈｅｌ指数等方法对患者偏瘫肢体功能进行２～３次记忆评测。结果 ３组患者康复治疗后在肢体运动功能、手的功能、步行能力以及日常生活活动等方面均有进步;病程〈３个月的明显优于４～１２个月和〉１年的患者（     

Dyslexia Symposium

Eight congenitally profoundly deaf children, who had plateaued in their cued speech ability, were given three readability tests: phonemes; monosyllabic nonsense words; and monosyllabic nonense words in sentences. There were two conditions: 1. presentation with cued speech and lip reading; 2. presentation with lip reading alone. Both were given with minimal intensity levels. Resits obtained showed that condition 1 was significantly superior to condition 2 in all tests (Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test, .01). In both cued speech and lip reading only conditions, the level of proficiency was greatest in the test of phonemes. The proficiency was maintained at a higher level across the other two tests (nonsense words and nonsense words in sentences) when cued speech was used. The study was devised to examine the effectiveness of cued speech at the simplest level (phonemes and phoneme combinations). Further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of cued speech in the natural communication setting. This would involve the variables of rhythm, stress, and language learning.     

人工耳蜗植入后言语康复效果的相关因素

目的：初步分析语前聋儿童耳蜗植入后言语康复效果的相关因素。方法：对多通道人工耳蜗植入的42例语前聋的聋儿，进行重建听阈、听觉能力、言语能力、智力评估，并调查他们的一般情况、家庭情况、术前助听器佩戴和训练情况等。结果：影响聋儿言语能力的因素包括：性别、年龄、植入后时间和开机时间长短及听觉能力。Logistic回归分析结果显示：植入后时间、耳聋到植入人工耳蜗时间、听觉能力情况与言语能力呈正相关，重建听阈与言语能力呈负相关。结论：对语前聋的聋儿，在人工耳蜗植入前佩戴助听器康复训练时间较长，植入后的重建听阈、听觉能力越好，进行科学培训的时间越长，其言语能力康复效果会更好。     

Preferences for communication in clinic from deaf people: a cross‐sectional study

Aims and objectives To explore the preferences of deaf people for communication in a hospital consultation. Methods Design – cross‐sectional survey, using a structured, postal questionnaire. Setting – survey of readers of two journals for deaf and hard of hearing people. Participants – 999 self‐selected individuals with hearing loss in the UK, including those who use sign language and those who use speech. Main outcome measures – preferred mode of communication. Results A total of 11% of participants preferred to use sign language within everyday life, 70% used speech and 17% used a mixture of sign and speech. Within a clinic setting, 50% of the sign language users preferred to have a consultation via a sign language interpreter and 43% indicated they would prefer to only have a consultation directly with a signing health professional; 7% would accept a consultation in speech as long as there was good deaf awareness from the health professional, indicated by a knowledge of lip‐reading/speech‐reading. Of the deaf speech users, 98% preferred to have a consultation in speech and of this group 71% indicated that they would only accept this if the health professional had good deaf awareness. Among the participants who used a mixture of sign language and speech, only 5% said they could cope with a consultation in speech with no deaf awareness whereas 46% were accepting of a spoken consultation as long as it was provided with good deaf awareness; 30% preferred to use an interpreter and 14% preferred to have a consultation directly with a signing health professional. Conclusions The hospital communication preferences for most people with deafness could be met by increasing deaf awareness training for health professionals, a greater provision of specialized sign language interpreters and of health professionals who can use fluent sign language directly with clients in areas where contact with deaf people is frequent.     

语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入分析

目的：通过对已植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童在手术中，手术后早期和调试中所遇问题的总结，探讨术中术后和调机中的特别注意事项。方法：9例在我院接受人工耳蜗植入，开机至少6月的语前聋儿童被纳入本次分析。采用回顾临床资料和进行自由声场测试纯音，言语察觉率和开放式，闭合式言语分辨率的方法评价人工耳蜗补偿听力的效果。结果：全部患者均被成功地植入了人工耳蜗。手术并发症计有电极滑出耳蜗1例，术中穿破外耳道后壁2例，术后出现术侧面肌抽动2例。自由声场纯音听阈测试，均在30～35dB SPL。言语察觉阈35～40dB SPL；言语分辨率(除3例外)，开放式大于50％，最佳者达到78％；闭合式大于80％。4例植入时间较长的学龄期儿童已进入普通小学学习。结论：人工耳蜗植入术加术后言语训练，能达到改善听力，提高语言能力的目的。并对术中寻找圆窗龛困难，术后出现的电极滑出和面肌抽动的原因及相应的对策进行了探讨。     

聋人家庭聋生书面语言发展情况研究

目的比较聋人家庭聋生与健听人家庭聋生书面语言发展情况。方法对498名聋生的书面语言发展情况进行测验,对332名聋生家长和66名聋校教师进行调查。结果和结论聋人家庭聋生书面语发展情况与健听人家庭聋生不存在显著差异。     

Technology-assisted language intervention for children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing; a pilot study of augmentative and alternative communication for enhancing language development

Purpose: Pilot study to assess the effect of augmentative and alternative communication technology to enhance language development in children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.

Materials and methods: Five children ages 5–10 years with permanent bilateral hearing loss who were identified with language underperformance participated in an individualized 24-week structured program using the application TouchChat WordPower on iPads^®. Language samples were analyzed for changes in mean length of utterance, vocabulary words and mean turn length. Repeated measures models assessed change over time.

Results: The baseline median mean length of utterance was 2.41 (range 1.09–6.63; mean 2.88) and significantly increased over time (p?=?0.002) to a median of 3.68 at final visit (range 1.97–6.81; mean 3.62). At baseline, the median total number of words spoken per language sample was 251 (range 101–458), with 100 (range 36–100) different words spoken. Total words and different words significantly increased over time (β?=?26.8 (7.1), p?=?0.001 for total words; β?=?8.0 (2.7), p?=?0.008 for different words). Mean turn length values also slightly increased over time.

Conclusions: Using augmentative and alternative communication technology on iPads^® shows promise in supporting rapid language growth among elementary school-age children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing with language underperformance.     

Generalised EPG treatment effect in a cochlear implant user maintained after 2 years

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate speech therapy using electropalatography (EPG) in home training of persistent articulation errors in a cochlear implant user with hearing impairment. There was a particular focus on aspects of maintenance of training effects and possible transfer to connected speech.

Method: The participant was a young woman, deaf from early childhood and a cochlear implant user from pre-school age. Treatment effects were evaluated using a single-subject design with multiple measures.

Result: Instrumental and perceptual outcome measures showed a clear improvement in the production of the treatment target /ɡ/ in single words and sentences after 4 months of therapy (17 hours). The results were maintained at 3, 6 and 24 months after intervention. Also, /ɡ/ in connected speech, consisting of text reading and spontaneous speech, showed a significant difference between before and after treatment and at long-term follow-up.

Conclusion: The results show that EPG used in home training can be an efficient method for treating persistent speech disorders associated with hearing impairment and that the treatment effect appears to maintain.     

耳蜗植入术后儿童听觉及语言发育的研究现状

语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后听觉和语言发育是研究的热点问题之一。最近的研究表明人工耳蜗植入术(cochlear implantation,CI)后的听觉和语言发育每年都有进步,并且进步的趋势有一定的规律性;植入年龄和植入术后最初的交流模式等因素对人工耳蜗植入术的听觉和语言发育影响非常显著,听觉行为分级标准(categories of auditory per-formance,CAP)、言语可懂度分级(speech intelligibility rating,SIR)、"onset of babbling onset and babblingspurt"和对儿童术后学习能力的综合评估是可靠有效的评估方法。本文对语前聋儿童耳蜗植入后的听觉及语言发育规律、评估方法以及影响术后效果的因素进行综述,以期为临床应用和研究提供帮助。     

440例聋儿教育康复的效果

目的：探讨聋儿教育康复模式及效果,方法：对440例＜7岁的聋儿分为2组,分别采用集中教育康复模式和家庭社区教育康复模式进行听觉语言训练,结果：440例聋儿经平均2年2个月的教育康复达到＞3级60例,康复率13．6％,康复有效255例占58．0％,两种式康复效果经配对对照观察差异无显著性。结论：聋儿家庭社区教育康复模式适合我国国情,是传统集中教育康复模式的有效补充,具有更大的受益面,值得推广。