MMP-2、TIMP-2在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 分析MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达与脑胶质瘤恶性程度和侵袭性之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组化和原位杂交的方法,检测42例人脑胶质瘤和8例正常脑组织中,MMP-2 mRNA、MMP-2和TIMP-2蛋白表达。结果 MMP-2蛋白表达水平(LI)与肿瘤的分级呈正相关(r=0.872,P<0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ级与正常脑组织、Ⅰ～Ⅱ级之间均有显著的差异(P<0.01)。MMP-2mRNA表达与肿瘤的分级同样呈正相关(P<0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ级与正常脑组织、Ⅰ～Ⅱ级之间均有显著的差异(P<0.01)。MMP-2蛋白表达增高时TIMP-2蛋白表达也增高;但随着肿瘤恶性程度的增加,TIMP-2表达强度增加的幅度较MMP-2明显减缓。结论 MMP-2的高表达与脑胶质瘤恶性程度呈正相关;TIMP-2与MMP-2间的平衡失调与脑胶质瘤的侵袭性和恶性程度密切相关。     

人脑胶质瘤金属硫蛋白表达及其意义

目的 为研究金属硫蛋白(MT)在人脑各级胶质瘤中表达及生物学意义。方法 利用免疫组化方法检测46例胶质瘤手术标本中金属硫蛋白及Ki-67的表达水平,比较MT的表达与胶质瘤级别、患者预后的关系及其与Ki-67相关性。结果 随着胶质瘤级别的增高,MT和Ki-67的表达率逐渐升高。MT在脑胶质瘤中的表达率分别为Ⅰ级33.3％,Ⅱ级42.9％,Ⅲ级66.7％,Ⅳ级81.8％,低恶性度组(Ⅰ～Ⅱ)与高恶性度组(Ⅲ～Ⅳ)胶质瘤中MT的表达有显著性差异(P<0.05)。胶质瘤中的MT LI与Ki-67 LI呈正相关性(r=0.832.)。结论 MT在胶质瘤的生长中扮演重要角色,其在胶质瘤中的不同表达对判断胶质瘤的病理分级、患者预后及显示胶质瘤的恶性演进具有一定的意义。     

钙粘素、Ki67和p16在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨钙粘素(E-cd)、p16和Ki67在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测53例胶质瘤和12例正常脑组织中的E-cd、p16蛋白和Ki67的表达。结果E-cd和p16在正常脑组织中的阳性表达率均为100%;E-cd在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中阳性表达率分别为53.6%、20.0%,p16在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中阳性表达率分别为57.1%、24.0%,E-cd和p16在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤中的表达明显高于在Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的表达(P<0.05),而低于正常脑组织中的表达(P<0.01);E-cd和p16二者在胶质瘤中的表达呈正相关(P<0.05);Ki67在正常脑组织中无表达。Ki67在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤中阳性率(3.15%±1.67%)明显低于Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的阳性率(14.37%±4.89%),两胶质瘤组与对照组之间的阳性细胞率差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论E-cd、p16和Ki67在胶质瘤的发生发展过程中可能起重要作用,并且对评估胶质瘤的恶性度及预后有重要意义。     

结缔组织生长因子在脑胶质瘤组织中的表达和肿瘤级别的关系

目的通过检测人脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织中结缔组织生长因子的表达水平,探讨其和肿瘤级别的关系及作用机制。方法采用荧光实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)mRNA在47例脑胶质瘤组织和25例正常脑组织中的表达水平,统计分析表达水平和肿瘤级别之间的关系。结果CTGF在胶质瘤Ⅰ-Ⅱ级(高分化组)及胶质瘤Ⅲ~Ⅳ级(低分化组)中的表达均明显高于正常脑组织(P<0.01),而且在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的表达量显著高于胶质瘤Ⅰ~Ⅱ级(P<0.01),说明随着肿瘤级别的升高CTGF表达也增强。结论CTGF在胶质瘤组织中高表达,而且表达水平和恶性程度有密切联系。CTGF的检测可作为胶质瘤恶性程度判断的参考,为从基因水平上探讨胶质瘤的生物学行为、预后及治疗提供新的思路。     

内皮抑素和血管内皮生长因子在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨内皮抑素(ES)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在人脑胶质瘤中的表达和意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法,对45例脑胶质瘤和5例正常脑组织标本中ES和VEGF的表达进行测定。结果Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中ES和VEGF表达水平明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤和正常脑组织,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤中VEGF表达水平显著高于正常脑组织(P<0.05);胶质瘤中ES与VEGF的比值和胶质瘤的分级呈负相关。结论ES和VEGF的协同作用可能在人脑胶质瘤细胞侵袭性生长及恶性发展中起重要作用,且有可能与胶质瘤的恶性程度及预后有关。     

脑胶质瘤中survivin蛋白表达情况及其与肿瘤恶化程度关系的研究

目的 探讨survivin蛋白在脑胶质瘤的表达情况及其与肿瘤恶性程度之间的关系.方法收集脑胶质瘤患者组织蜡块90例,其中Ⅰ级30例,Ⅱ级30例,Ⅲ级～Ⅳ级30例.另取10例因颅脑创伤行内减压的正常脑组织蜡块作为对照.应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测脑胶质瘤组织survivin蛋白的表达情况. 结果 胶质瘤细胞胞浆中有survivin蛋白的表达,且随着肿瘤级别的增高,survivin蛋白的表达增强.其表达阳性率在Ⅰ级组中为16.67%(6/30),在Ⅱ级组中为46.67%(14/30),在Ⅲ级～Ⅳ级组中为86.67%(26/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).而在正常脑组织中survivin的表达为阴性. 结论 Survivin在脑胶质瘤的恶变过程中起重要作用,针对survivin的靶向治疗有望成为治疗脑胶质瘤的一个新的途径.     

人脑胶质瘤中CD133的表达及其意义

目的 探讨CD133 mRNA在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其与病理分级的相关性.方法 用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)对43例胶质瘤患者、16例正常脑组织标本(均为急性颅脑损伤患者行内减压术切除的脑组织)进行CD133 mRNA检测.结果 (1)43例胶质瘤组织中CD133 mRNA表达全部呈阳性,而16例正常脑组织标本中仅有1例CD133 mRNA表达呈弱阳性.病例组和正常对照组CD133 mRNA的阳性率分别为100%和6.25%.病例组和对照组CD133 mRNA表达阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)在病例组中,参照1993年WHO分级标准分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级组,计算分组的标本CD133 mRNA与β-actin mRNA灰度比值.Ⅰ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间CD133 mRNA表达均高于Ⅰ级;Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间CD133 mRNA表达均高于Ⅱ级.(3)相关性分析:CD133 mRNA表达量与胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关性(r=0.987,P＜0.001).结论 检测胶质瘤组织中CD133 mRNA的表达可用于胶质瘤患者的诊断及恶性程度和预后的判断.     

Notch-1mRNA在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

目的探讨Notch信号通路在人脑胶质瘤发展中的作用。方法收集脑胶质瘤组织标本60例,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤35例及Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤25例,并取22例瘤旁正常脑组织标本作为对照。采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测这些标本中Notch-l mRNA的表达。结果Notch-1 mRNA在人脑胶质瘤中的表达显著高于正常脑组织（P〈0.01）,且在Ⅲ~Ⅳ级胶质瘤组中的表达显著高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ级组（P〈0.01）。相关性研究发现,Notch-1 mRNA的表达与人脑胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关（r=0.706,P〈0.01）。结论Notch-1mRNA在人正常脑组织和脑胶质瘤中均有表达,但其在脑胶质瘤中的表达与脑胶质瘤的病理分级呈正相关。     

胶质瘤中CD105与VEGF表达的相关性

目的探讨胶质瘤组织中CD105与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测58例胶质瘤和10例正常脑组织标本中CD105和VEGF蛋白表达情况,并分析其相关性。结果①正常脑组织CD105蛋白表达阴性,而各级胶质瘤组织均有CD105蛋白阳性表达。高倍视野(×200倍)下Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织CD105标染的微血管密度(CD105-MVD)分别为(6.33±2.97)个/视野、(10.69±2.88)个/视野、(19.13±5.14)个/视野和(25.13±5.51)个/视野,且与病理分级呈正相关(r=0.834,P<0.01),不同级别各组间均差异显著(P<0.01)。②VEGF在正常脑组织中表达阴性,而在Ⅰ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组织阳性细胞率分别为(15.00±3.39)%、(20.26±9.64)%、(36.19±10.75)%和(55.94±11.69)%,且与病理分级呈正相关(r=0.836,P<0.01)。除Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级胶质瘤间无明显差异外,其余各组间均有明显著差异(P<0.01)。③CD105-MVD与VEGF阳性细胞率呈显著正相关(r=0.671,P<0.01)。结论胶质瘤组织中CD105-MVD与VEGF阳性细胞率有显著相关性,可作为判断胶质瘤恶性程度的指标之一。     

人脑胶质瘤中垂体瘤转化基因的表达及其意义

目的 探讨垂体瘤转化基因(PTTG)在胶质瘤的诊断及恶性程度和预后判断中的临床意义.方法 采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western-blot)对65例胶质瘤患者进行PTTG mRNA和PTTG蛋白检测.结果 (1)65例胶质瘤组织中PTTG蛋白和PTTG mRNA表达全部呈阳性.(2)计算分组的标本PTTG mRNA和与β-actin mRNA灰度比值:Ⅰ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间PTTG mRNA表达均高于Ⅰ级;Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间PTTG mRNA表达均高于Ⅱ级.计算分组的标本PTTG蛋白和与β-actin吸光度比值:四组之间任意两两比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)相关性分析:PTTG蛋白和PTTG mRNA表达水平与胶质瘤病理分级均呈正相关性(P<0.001).结论 (1)PTFG的mRNA和蛋白的表达与胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关.检测FTTG的mRNA和(或)蛋白的表达,可以作为胶质瘤诊断、判断预后的一个可靠指标.(2)检测PTTG的mRNA的表达,从分子病理方面将可以弥补传统病理的局限性,在脑肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后评估中将发挥重大的作用.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.     

相关性和一致性：这对相仿概念和测量方法的回顾与阐明

概述：一致性(agreement)和相关性(correlation)是两个广泛使用的概念,用来评估变量之间的关联。虽然二者相似且相关,但是它们代表关联完全不同的概念。评估变量之间的一致性假设变量测量的是相同的结构,而在变量测量完全不同的结构时也可以评估它们之间的相关性。这种概念上的差异就要求使用不同的统计方法,并且当评估一致性或相关性时,统计方法根据数据的分布和研究者的兴趣可能会有所不同。例如, Pearson相关性,作为评估连续变量之间相关性的一种普遍测量方法,只有用于符合线性关系的变量时才能提供有用的信息;当用于不符合线性关系的变量时就无法提供准确信息甚至会产生误导。同样地,内部相关性,作为一种评估连续变量之间一致性的常用方法,如果一致性不好的实质正好是研究兴趣所在,那么该测量就不能为研究者提供充分的信息。本报告回顾了一致性和相关性的概念,并讨论了几种常用方法在应用中的差异。