囊性脑膜瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的:总结囊性脑膜瘤的CT及MRI表现,提高对囊性脑膜瘤的影像学认识.方法:搜集经病理证实的囊性脑膜瘤23例,12例行CT检查,其中行增强扫描6例;17例行MRI检查,其中行增强扫描7例;6例同时行CT和MRI检查.观察、分析囊性脑膜瘤不同类型的CT和MRI表现.结果:囊性脑膜瘤除具有典型脑膜瘤CT、MRI表现外,由于有囊腔的存在,多数表现为实质性肿块伴大小不等的囊性区,实质部分强化明显,囊腔无强化,囊壁可有或无强化.本组23例中,Nauta Ⅰ型5例,Nauta Ⅱ型6例,Nauta Ⅲ型3例,Nauta Ⅳ型2例,7例为2种或2种以上的混合型.结论:囊性脑膜瘤有一定的影像学特征,CT和MRI对明确诊断具有重要意义,MRI优于CT.     

脑膜瘤影像诊断误诊分析

目的:探讨颅内影像表现不典型的脑膜瘤MRI与CT表现,分析其误诊原因,以提高脑膜瘤诊断的准确性.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的术前第一诊断误诊的35例脑膜瘤相关病例,所有病例均行MRI平扫和增强扫描,21例同时行CT扫描,MRI与CT表现与手术病理相对照.结果:脑膜瘤误诊为其他肿瘤27例;其他病例误诊为脑膜瘤8例.结论:因组织学结构复杂及一些特殊部位构成了对脑膜瘤误诊的不可避免性;而注重典型MRI特征结合CT征象、仔细阅片及结合病史等,是提高诊断符合率的关键.     

脑室脑膜瘤的影像诊断

目的　探讨脑室脑膜瘤的影像学表现,以提高对脑室脑膜瘤的认识和诊断正确率。方法　经手术病理证实的脑室脑膜瘤 22例,其中男 8例,女 14例,年龄 17~72岁(平均 45岁 )。行MRI检查 21例,其中增强 17例;行CT检查 11例,其中增强 4例;同时行CT和MRI检查 10例,结合手术和病理结果进行分析。结果　脑室脑膜瘤以纤维型多见,主要位于侧脑室三角区,多数表现为实质性肿块,边界清晰,明显强化。可见钙化,出血及囊变少见。结论　脑室脑膜瘤有特殊的影像学表现,CT和MRI在诊断中具有一定的价值,尤其是MRI。     

囊性脑膜瘤的影像诊断

目的 探讨囊性脑膜瘤的影像学表现及其成因，以提高对该病的认识和诊断正确率。方法 经手术病理证实的囊性脑膜瘤27例，其中男10例，女17例，年龄16～80岁(平均49岁)。行MR检查26例，其中增强扫描24例；行CT检查15例，其中增强扫描7例；同时行CT和MR检查者15例。分析所有的CT和MRI资料，结合手术和病理结果，采用Nauta分型进行分析。结果 囊性脑膜瘤主要位于大脑凸面，以广基与硬脑膜相连，多数表现为实质性肿块伴大小不等的囊样区，其实质部分明显强化。少数表现为囊性，其内见实质结节，结节明显强化，而囊壁可有或无强化。本组27例中，NautaⅠ型4例，NautaⅡ型7例，NautaⅢ型1例，NautaⅣ型10例，此外3例同时有Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型，1例同时有Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型，1例同时有Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型。结论 囊性脑膜瘤有特殊的影像学表现，CT和MRI在诊断中具有一定的价值，尤其是MRI。     

鞍隔脑膜瘤的CT、MRI诊断(附18例报告)

目的　提高对鞍隔脑膜瘤的影像学诊断水平及其临床意义。方法　鞍隔脑膜瘤 18例 ,17例经CT检查 ,其中 6例同时行MRI检查 ,1例单纯行MRI检查。全部经手术病理证实。将影像检查结果与手术病理进行对照分析。结果　 18例肿瘤位于鞍上及鞍内 ,17例CT平扫表现为均匀等密度或稍高密度 15例、不均匀高密度 2例 ,明显均匀增强 14例、环形增强 3例 ;MRI(7例 )T1WI为均匀等信号 6例 ,略低信号 1例 ;T2 WI略高信号 6例 ,等信号 1例 ;肿瘤位于垂体腺之上 ,境界清楚。病理诊断 :上皮型 11例 ,合体细胞型 4例 ,微囊型、非典型型、混合型各 1例。结论　鞍隔脑膜瘤的影像诊断对临床确定正确的手术入路 ,提高肿瘤手术治愈率及降低手术并发症均具有重要意义     

Rathke囊肿:CT、MRI表现与病理对照研究

目的：探讨Rathke囊肿的影像学表现与病理组织学之间的关系。材料和方法：病理证实的Rathke囊肿20例，男12例，女8例。年龄11—70岁，平均44岁。18例行CT检查，其中7例增强；12例行MRI检查，其中7例增强；20例中CT和MRI检查均进行有10例。分析所有CT、MRI片，并与手术病理对照。结果：10例Rathke囊肿位于鞍内，9例位于鞍内伴鞍上延伸，1例位于鞍上。Rathke囊肿因其囊液成分不同而有不同的影像学表现。少数伴出血。一般无强化，少数可见囊壁的强化。结论：Rathke囊肿影像学表现多样，CT和MRI有一定的价值，确诊需结合病理分析。     

前颅凹底脑膜瘤的影像诊断与病理对照研究

目的:探讨前颅凹底脑膜瘤的影像学和病理组织学之间的关系.材料和方法:病理证实的前颅凹底脑膜瘤27例,男8例,女19例.年龄13～79岁,平均62岁.均行MRI检查(增强16例);15例行CT检查(增强8例).分析CT、MRI影像,并与手术病理对照.结果:27例前颅凹底脑膜瘤,起源于嗅沟15例,前颅凹底6例,眶顶4例,鞍结节向前生长2例.多数水肿明显,均匀增强;少数不均匀增强,并出现脑膜尾征,少数伴钙化、坏死、囊变和出血.累及邻近颅骨时引起骨质增生.结论:前颅凹底脑膜瘤具有典型的影像学表现.CT和MRI具有诊断价值,MRI优于CT ,但CT观察钙化和骨质改变优于MRI.     

颅内脑膜瘤的MRI与CT影像学特征

目的 分析脑膜瘤的CT和MRI影像学特点.方法 73例经手术病理证实的脑膜瘤,行CT和/或MRI检查,回顾性分析该影像学资料,将影像检查结果与手术病理进行对照分析.结果 70例为单发,2例为多发,1例并发有脊膜瘤.发病部位21例位于矢状窦旁,18例位于大脑镰旁,15例位于鞍区,13例为蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤,4例位于小脑幕,2例位于桥小脑角处.病理诊断:脑膜上皮型23例,移行型(混合型)15例,砂粒型10例,纤维型8例,微囊型5例,分泌型3例,血管型、透明细胞型、脊索型各2例,淋巴细胞丰富型、化生型和恶性脑膜瘤各1例.结论 CT和MRI对颅内脑膜瘤有重要真的诊断价值,平扫结合增强能提高非典型脑膜瘤诊断的准确率,减少误诊率.     

13例儿童脑膜瘤病理及影像学分析

目的 探讨儿童脑膜瘤临床及病理,分析其影像学表现特点。资料与方法 搜集经手术病理证实的儿童颅内脑膜瘤13例,分析其临床表现、病理特点及影像学所见,研究与成人脑膜瘤相同点与不同之处。结果 13例脑膜瘤,常见临床症状为颅内压增高9例,颅神经麻痹6例,阵发性抽搐5例,自幼智力发育较同龄儿童落后2例。纤维型4例,血管瘤型1例,移行型3例,合体细胞型2例,沙粒体型2例,脊索瘤样型1例。肿瘤位于大脑凸面4例,鞍区2例,天幕2例,脑室内3例,右颞叶、额叶实质内各1例。CT平扫多为稍高密度,增强扫描病变多呈明显强化。肿瘤囊变3例,1例见蛋壳样钙化。MRI呈等或长T1和稍长、长T2异常信号,边界清晰,增强扫描明显强化。结论 儿童脑膜瘤较少见,症状和体征不典型,影像学表现大部分与成人相似,肿瘤囊变与发生于脑实质有别于成人。     

微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现及病理基础

【摘要】目的：探讨微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现及病理基础。方法：回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的微囊型脑膜瘤的影像资料，将其MRI表现与病理基础进行对照分析。结果：肿瘤位于大脑凸面12例，大脑镰旁4例。11例表现为边界清楚的、以囊性为主的软组织肿块；肿块在T1WI上呈等或低信号，T2WI上呈高信号，瘤内可见多发分隔影，周围水肿较轻；增强扫描肿瘤呈细网状强化。5例误诊为非典型脑膜瘤（3例）和血管瘤型脑膜瘤（2例），表现为边界清楚的实性软组织肿块，肿瘤内囊变坏死少见。病理上，肿瘤内部可见多发类似细筛状结构（即微囊），可与MRI表现相对应。结论：通过与病理基础的对照分析，可更深入的认识及理解微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现，从而有助于提高该肿瘤的术前定性诊断。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）