胃肠道间质瘤124例DOG1、WISP-1表达与临床意义

目的 探讨DOG1和WISP-1在胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)中诊断及预后的意义.方法 收集川北医学院附属医院病理科124例有完整临床病理资料的GIST,应用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测了DOG1和WISP-1蛋白在124例GIST中的表达情况,并与非GIST进行对照研究;应用χ2检验及Spearmen检验对结果进行统计学分析.结果 124例GIST中DOG1的阳性表达率为96%(119/124),CD117的阳性变表达率为91.0%(111/124),两者在GIST中的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GIST与非GIST中DOG1的表达水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);本组病例中WISP-1阳性率为80.6%(100/124),其中极低风险性、低风险性、中风险性和高风险性的阳性表达率分别为44.4%(4/9)、66.7%(26/39)、86.9%(17/20)和95.0%(38/40),其阳性表达率与美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)风险分级呈正相关关系(P<0.001);GIST与非GIST 中WISP-1的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DOG1是GIST中一个敏感又特异的标记物,与CD117联用能提高GIST的诊断准确率,临床上可将其作为鉴别消化道间叶源性肿瘤的一线抗体;WISP-1的表达可能和GIST恶性进程有关,有可能作为评估GIST生物学行为的指标.     

Discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumours 1 (DOG1) expression in non-gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) neoplasms

Hemminger J & Iwenofu O H
(2012) Histopathology  61, 170–177 Discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumours 1 (DOG1) expression in non‐gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) neoplasms Aims: To further characterize discovered on GIST1 (DOG1) antibody clone K9 expression in a broad range of mesenchymal and epithelial tumours. Methods and results: Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections of various tumours were stained with the anti‐DOG1 monoclonal antibody clone K9. The tumours (n = 187) included: gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) (n = 20); malignant melanoma (n = 19); schwannoma (n = 10); neurofibroma (n = 10); leiomyosarcoma (n = 10); low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (n = 5); angiosarcoma, (n = 10); epithelioid sarcoma (n = 5); clear cell sarcoma (n = 3); synovial sarcoma (n = 10); malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) (n = 12); alveolar soft part sarcoma (n = 3); chordoma (n = 5); pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 5); perineurioma (n = 4); granular cell tumour (n = 6); acinic cell carcinoma (n = 5); adenocarcinoma, lung (n = 5), colon (n = 10), endometrioid (n = 10), prostate (n = 10) and renal cell (n = 10). Nineteen of 20 GISTs expressed DOG‐1 and 12 of 20 were diffusely positive (≥95%) with moderate to strong intensity. There was focal, predominantly luminal staining of colorectal (three of 10), endometrioid (four of 10) and acinic cell carcinomas (four of five). One case each of spindle cell/desmoplastic melanoma (2+), schwannoma (trace) and MPNST (2+) showed DOG‐1 expression. Conclusions: Our study supports that DOG‐1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for GISTs and also highlights hitherto unrecognized and unusual patterns of expression in non‐mesenchymal neoplasms.     

Discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumour 1 (DOG1): a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing chondroblastoma

Akpalo H, Lange C & Zustin J
(2012) Histopathology  60, 1099–1106 Discovered on gastrointestinal stromal tumour 1 (DOG1): a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing chondroblastoma Aims: Cellular areas of chondroblastoma are composed of polygonal chondroblasts with indented nuclei and scattered osteoclast‐type multinucleated cells. To learn more about the phenotype of chondroblasts, we investigated the expression of several established immunohistochemical markers in chondroblastomas. Methods and results: Nine chondroblastomas were analysed using immunohistochemical antibodies [CD34, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), DOG1, CD117, AE1/AE3 and CD163]. Ten chondromyxoid fibromas, seven giant cell tumours of bone and four foetal proximal femurs were also analysed. The cellular areas of each chondroblastoma contained nests of DOG1⁺αSMA⁺ CD117^? CD34^? chondroblasts, a phenotype that was not detected in chondromyxoid fibroma cases or in giant cell tumours. Although AE1/AE3 was expressed in all chondroblastomas, the staining intensity and proportion of the positive cells varied widely. Intra‐lesional CD163⁺ macrophages were detected in all cases of chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma and giant cell tumours. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated nests of membranous DOG1⁺ chondroblasts located within cellular portions of chondroblastoma containing diffuse heterogeneous infiltrates of mostly DOG1^? chondroblasts, CD163⁺ macrophages and multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells. Thus, chondroblastoma can be added to the tumours that are usually positive for DOG1, alongside gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), rare solid‐pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas and exceptional mesenchymal tumours including uterine type retroperitoneal leiomyoma, peritoneal leiomyomatosis and synovial sarcoma.     

DOG1 and CD117 are the antibodies of choice in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Novelli M, Rossi S, Rodriguez‐Justo M, Taniere P, Seddon B, Toffolatti L, Sartor C, Hogendoorn P C W, Sciot R, Van Glabbeke M, Verweij J, Blay J Y, Hohenberger P, Flanagan A & Dei Tos A P
(2010) Histopathology 57 , 259–270
DOG1 and CD117 are the antibodies of choice in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours Aims: The histopathological diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) is typically made based on a combination of clinical and morphological features supported by immunohistochemistry studies. The aim of this study was to examine the staining quality, sensitivity, specificity and utility of antibodies used commonly in GIST diagnosis. Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry with a panel of antibodies [CD117, DOG1, protein kinase C (PKC)‐theta, nestin, CD34, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, S100 and CD171] was performed on whole sections from 187 GIST and 29 gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours, and on several microarrays including 355 GISTs and 120 soft tissue sarcomas. Results showed that DOG1 and CD117 were the most sensitive and specific antibodies used in GIST diagnosis. PKC‐theta and nestin were sensitive, but less specific, also staining other spindle cell tumours commonly considered in the differential diagnosis of GIST. CD34 staining was less sensitive than many of the other antibodies and of limited aid in diagnosis. The smooth muscle markers SMA and desmin, together with the neural marker S100, were unhelpful in confirming a diagnosis of GIST, but were particularly useful in the exclusion/diagnosis of other gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumour types. Conclusions: In the majority of histologically suspected GISTs a combination of CD117 and DOG1 immunostaining is sufficient to confirm the histological diagnosis.     

胃肠道间质瘤中DOG1和nestin的表达及意义

目的:探讨DOG1和nestin在胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor, GIST)中的表达及其诊断价值.方法:采用免疫组织化学EnVision法分别检测25例GIST、5例平滑肌瘤和5例神经鞘瘤中DOG1和nestin的表达.结果:DOG1和nestin在GIST中的阳性表达率分别为100%和88%,而CD117和CD34在GIST中的阳性表达率分别为84%和64%.GIST中DOG1和nestin的表达与肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、危险度分级和组织学形态均无关(P>0.05).5例平滑肌瘤中DOG1和nestin均阴性表达,DOG1和nestin在神经鞘瘤中的阳性表达率分别为0和100%.DOG1,nestin,CD117和CD34联合检测阳性率为48%.结论:DOG1在诊断GIST中具有敏感性和特异性,而nestin则是GIST诊断中比较敏感的一种标志物,但特异性差.DOG1,nestin,CD117和CD34联合检测可提高GIST的正确诊断.     

Specificity of DOG1 (K9 clone) and protein kinase C theta (clone 27) as immunohistochemical markers of gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Wong N A C S & Shelley‐Fraser G
(2010) Histopathology 57 , 250–258 Specificity of DOG1 (K9 clone) and protein kinase C theta (clone 27) as immunohistochemical markers of gastrointestinal stromal tumour Aims: DOG1 and protein kinase C (PKC) theta are both sensitive immunohistochemical markers of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). However, there are conflicting data regarding the specificity of the most commonly used PKC theta antibody (clone 27), and there are no existing data regarding the specificity of the only known commercially available DOG1 antibody (K9 clone) at the time of writing. This study’s aim was to characterize the immunoreactivity patterns of both monoclonal antibodies amongst a wide range of neoplasm types including, in particular, histological mimics of GIST. Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry for DOG1 and PKC theta was performed on whole tissue sections from 23 different neoplasm types (total of 125 cases). Ten of these neoplasm types showed CD117 immunopositivity. Only three (Ewing’s sarcoma, glomus tumour and synovial sarcoma) of the 23 neoplasm types showed DOG1 immunopositivity, and such positivity was often focal and weak in intensity. In contrast, all but four (ganglioneuromas, leiomyomas, desmoplastic small round cell tumours and PEComa/angiomyolipomas) of the 23 neoplasm types showed PKC theta immunopositivity. Conclusions: Compared with CD117, DOG1 (using the K9 antibody) is a more specific marker, whereas PKC theta (using the clone 27 antibody) is a considerably less specific immunohistochemical marker for GIST.     

Presence of PDGFRA and DOG1 mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors among Chinese population

Approximately 15% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) do not express KIT mutations and of these about 5 to 7% harbor mutations in PDGFRA. DOG1 was specifically expressed in GISTs. These cases require special attention for PDGFRA and DOG1 mutational status. Hundred cases of GIST were diagnosed between August 2007 and October 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. DNA from tumor tissues and normal adjacent tissues was isolated and amplified for the 22 exons of PDGFRA and 26 exons of DOG1. Each PCR product was sequenced. Amino acid sequences were inferred from DNA and aligned to GenBank reference sequences to determine the position and type of mutations. Overall, 16.0% of the samples had a mutation in PDGFRA, and GISTs with mutations in the DOG1 gene were not found. Of the mutations detected, they were in PDGFRA exon 18 (8 cases, 8%), PDGFRA exon 12 (5 cases, 5%), PDGFRA exon 14 (1 cases, 1.0%), PDGFRA exon 11 (1 cases, 1.0%), and PDGFRA exon 8 (1 cases, 1.0%). Of these, Y392S, L521P and T632K mutant occurred in PDGFRA exon 8, exon 11 and exon 14, respectively. The mutation of PDGFRA has been considered as another causative genetic event as PDGFRA mutations were found in most GISTs lacking a KIT mutation. PDGFRA mutations occurred preferentially in exon 18 and exon 12. Mutations occurring in PDGFRA exon 8 (Y392S), exon 11 (L521P) and exon 14 (T632K) also were first identified. The over-expression of DOG1 was not related to DOG1 gene mutation.     

胃肠道间质瘤合并消化道癌20例临床病理分析

目的 探讨20例胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)合并消化道癌的临床病理特征.方法 回顾性研究165例GIST,对其中20例合并发生消化道癌的病例进行临床病理特征分析并行免疫组化CD117、DOG1等染色.结果 GIST合并发生消化道癌的病例占所有收集GIST病例的12.1%.20例患者中16例男性、4例女性(P＜0.05),年龄44～79岁,平均64.3岁(P＜0.05).19例GIST发生于胃(95.0%),1例发生于食管(5.0%),其中3例为消化道癌根治术中探查发现,其余均为术后病检偶然发现,直径0.4～4.5 cm,平均1.0 cm(P＜0.01).肿瘤细胞均为梭形细胞型,生物学危险度分级为极低危险度18例(90.0%)和低危险度2例(10.0%),免疫标记肿瘤细胞CD117阳性16例(80.0%),DOG1阳性19例(95.0%),其中DOG1阳性、CD117阴性4例(20.0%),CD117阳性、DOG1阴性1例(5.0%).合并发生的消化道癌中胃腺癌10例(50.0%),食管鳞癌9例(45.0%),1例为直肠腺癌(5.0%),肿瘤TNM分期0期1例(5.0%),Ⅰ期3例(15.0%),Ⅱ期7例(35.0%),Ⅲ期9例(45.0%).结论 GIST合并消化道癌并不少见.本病好发于老年男性,其中GIST多发生于胃且生物学危险度低,合并的消化道癌多为胃癌和食管癌.组织学主要为梭形细胞型,危险度分级较低.临床和病理均应重视本病的诊断,特别是在术中探查及术后随访过程中应注意与消化道癌的转移性癌结节鉴别.DOG1能帮助鉴别诊断其他胃肠道间叶源性肿瘤.     

CD117、PDGFRA蛋白单独及联合DOG1检测在胃肠道间质瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨组织中CD117、PDGFRA两种蛋白表达在胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)中的诊断价值及联合DOG1蛋白检测的意义。方法:回顾性对99例GIST和25例非GIST肿瘤标本进行CD117、PDGFRA和DOG1蛋白表达进行检测并进行相关性分析。结果:GIST组CD117、PDGFRA和DOG1蛋白表达率分别为93.94%(93/99)、53.54%(53/99)和90.91%(90/99),非GIST组分别为4.00%(1/25)、4.00%(1/25)和12.00%(3/25),组间比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05);GIST组性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、组织学类型和危险度分级等临床病理参数与CD117、PDGFRA和DOG1蛋白表达无统计学意义(P>0.05);CD117、PDGFRA、DOG1、CD117和DOG1联合、PDGFRA和DOG1联合及三者联合判断GIST的敏感性分别为0.989、0.981、0.968、0.960、0.933和0.961,特异性分别为0.800、0.343、0.710、0.840、0.947和0.955,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.945、0.748、0.895、0.895、0.840和0.975。结论:GIST中CD117、PDGFRA及DOG1蛋白表达在胃肠道间质瘤中的优势人群有待进一步研究;CD117、PDGFRA蛋白单独及联合DOG1检测可提高对GIST诊断的准确度。     

L1 (CD171) is highly expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

The treatment strategy for mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract is based upon typing of the tumor. Especially differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to leiomyomas is crucial for determining radicality of surgery. L1 cell adhesion molecule (CD171) plays an essential role in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to determine expression of L1 in GISTs, smooth muscle tumors, desmoid-type fibromatosis and peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs). We retrospectively analyzed a total of 129 surgically resected primary tumors or metastases of 72 GISTs, 29 smooth muscle tumors, seven PNSTs and 21 desmoid-type fibromatosis by immunohistochemistry for c-kit, CD34, smooth muscle actin, desmin, vimentin, S-100 and L1 expression. L1 expression was detected in 53 (74%) of 72 GISTs but in none of 29 smooth muscle tumors or 21 desmoid-type fibromatosis (P<0.01 by Fisher's test). In all, four (57%) of seven peripheral nerve sheath tumors were L1-positive. Survival analysis of 55 surgically completely resected GISTs presenting without metastasis at initial diagnosis revealed no tumor-specific death among L1-negative patients (P=0.13 by log-rank test; median follow-up time 41 months) and one recurrence was observed (P=0.12). Interestingly high levels of L1 were seen in tumor vascular endothelial cells of smooth muscle tumors and PNSTs, but not in GISTs. Our data show that L1 is highly expressed in GISTs but not in smooth muscle tumors and desmoid-type fibromatosis being important differential diagnoses. The trend towards a reduced survival of L1-positive patients in this study has to be further evaluated in future trials with higher patient numbers.     

MAD1 (mitotic arrest deficiency 1) is a candidate for a tumor suppressor gene in human stomach

Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) is a component of the spindle checkpoint factors that monitor fidelity of chromosomal segregation. We previously confirmed that the level of MAD1 protein was decreased in gastric carcinoma compared with non-tumoral mucosa by conducting proteome-based analyses (Nishigaki R, Osaki M, Hiratsuka M, Toda T, Murakami K, Jeang KT, Ito H, Inoue T, Oshimura M, Proteomics 5:3205–3213, 29). In this study, an immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine MAD1 expression histologically in gastric mucosa and tumor. MAD1 was detected in the supranuclear portion of normal epithelial, intestinal metaplasia, and adenoma cells, but its expression was not restricted to any specific area in carcinoma cells. Lower levels of expression were noted in 16 (47.1%) of 34 adenomas and in 52 (60.5%) of 86 carcinomas, whereas all normal mucosae and intestinal metaplasias were grouped into cases with higher level of expression. Moreover, the expression of MAD1 was significantly lower in advanced carcinomas than early carcinomas and in intestinal than diffuse type, respectively (P < 0.05). Exogenous expression of wild-type MAD1, but not the mutant MAD1, inhibited cell proliferation and resulted in G2/M accumulation in MKN-1, a gastric carcinoma cell line. Taken together, our findings suggest that the MAD1 gene could be a candidate tumor suppressor gene and that down-regulation of MAD1 expression contribute to tumorigenesis in human stomach.     

DOG1 antibody is a highly sensitive and specific marker for gastrointestinal stromal tumors in cytology cell blocks

Initial diagnosis of submucosal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is often made from material obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Although 95% of GISTs are positive for KIT by immunohistochemical analysis on surgical specimens, we have observed several cases of GIST that were negative for KIT on the cell block but subsequently positive on the surgical resection. DOG1 has been found to be a specific and sensitive marker for GISTs on surgical material. We compared KIT and DOG1 staining in 52 GIST cell blocks and in 44 cell blocks of other intra-abdominal spindle cell neoplasms. We found that DOG1 was the more sensitive marker, with positivity in all 52 GIST cell blocks. KIT was positive in 46 (88%) of the GIST cases, with sensitivity dependent on the FNA method. Both markers were highly specific: KIT was negative in all 44 non-GIST cases, whereas DOG1 showed weak positivity in only 1 leiomyosarcoma.     

Kallikrein 4 is expressed in malignant mesothelioma--further evidence for the histogenetic link between mesothelial and epithelial cells

The objective of this study was to analyze Kallikrein 4 protein (hK4) expression in effusions and solid tumors of patients diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma (MM) and compare hK4 expression in MM with that in breast and ovarian adenocarcinomas. Sections from 65 MM (21 effusions, 44 solid tumors) and 63 breast carcinomas (28 effusions, 35 solid tumors) were stained for hK4 using immunohistochemistry. Results were compared with our previously published data for 284 ovarian carcinomas (181 effusions, 103 solid tumors). Expression of hK4 was detected in 26/65 (40%) MM and 52/63 (83%) breast carcinomas. Ovarian carcinoma showed staining values that were comparable to those in breast carcinoma (expression of hK4 in 144/181; 80% effusions and 85/103; 83% solid tumors). As opposed to our previous findings in ovarian carcinoma, hK4 expression was higher in solid tumors when compared with to effusions in both MM (P = 0.013) and breast carcinoma (P = 0.002). Comparative analysis of the three tumor types showed significantly higher expression in ovarian and breast adenocarcinomas when compared with MM (P < 0.001). In conclusion, hK4 is frequently expressed in MM, with higher levels detected in solid tumors, although its expression is more limited than in gynecological adenocarcinomas. The presence of hK4 in MM, a non-hormonally regulated tumor, provides further support to the histogenetic link between mesothelial and epithelial cells.     

DOG-1在胃肠道间质瘤中的表达及其临床意义

Objective To investigate the expression of DOG-1 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)and its diagnostic application.Methods Immunohistochemical EnVision technique was used to assess the expression of DOG-1 in 84 cases of GIST in comparison with CD117 and CD34.Results All 84cases of GIST consisted of variable proportions of spindle and epithelioid tumor cells or iust one type of the tumor cell. The expression rates of DOG-1,CD117 and CD34 were 91.3%(42/46),95.7%(44/46)and 82.6%(38/46),in the group of very low and low risk GIST,and were 100%(38/38),100%(38/38)and 78.9%(30/38),respectively,in the group of moderate and hiish risk GIST. leiomyomas,schwannomas,fibromatosis and normal gastrointestinal mucoca did not express these markers.Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of DOG-1 in the detection of GIST were similar to those of CD117.without statistical difference(P＞0.05)between the two markers.However,the sensitivity and specificity of DOG-1 detection of moderate and high risk GIsT were significandy higher than those of CD34(P＜0.01).Conclusions DOG-1 is a novel marker of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.It has the sensitivity and specificity hisher than CD34,especially in the detection of moderate and high risk GIST.Combined DOG-1and CD117 immunohistochemistry will likely improve the diagnostic accuracy of GIST.     

ff1b, the SF1 ortholog, is important for pancreatic islet cell development in zebrafish

The adrenal cortex and pancreatic islets have endocrine functions, producing steroid-based hormones and insulin, respectively. Cells of the adrenal cortex originate in the mesoderm while the cells of pancreatic islets originate in the endoderm. The zebrafish is a powerful model for understanding organ development due to its ease of genetic and molecular manipulation, transparent embryos, and large number of progeny for statistically powerful experiments. Like humans, the zebrafish pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions; unlike humans, there is only one endocrine islet cell group, instead of multiple islets. Using an eGFP-transgenic line of zebrafish, we have observed that the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) ortholog, ff1b, which is critical for adrenal cortex development and function in the zebrafish, is also implicated in zebrafish pancreatic islet development. We show that interruption of ff1b expression using an ff1b-morpholino (MO) disrupts development of insulin expressing cells. We conclude that ff1b-MO alters pancreatic islet development in zebrafish, demonstrating the utility of the zebrafish as a model for studying pancreatic development. This work is consistent with previous studies in mouse and human that have suggested SF1 participates in the vascular and ductal development of the pancreas, and disruption of SF1 function leads to abnormal development of the pancreatic islets due to poor vascularization.     

In vivo evidence for a functional role of both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and transmembrane TNF in experimental hepatitis

The significance of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) for TNF function in vivo is well documented, whereas the role of TNFR2 so far remains obscure. In a model of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced, CD4⁺ T cell-dependent experimental hepatitis in mice, in which TNF is a central mediator of apoptotic and necrotic liver damage, we now provide evidence for an essential in vivo function of TNFR2 in this pathophysiological process. We demonstrate that a cooperation of TNFR1 and TNFR2 is required for hepatotoxicity as mice deficient of either receptor were resistant against Con A. A significant role of TNFR2 for Con A-induced hepatitis is also shown by the enhanced sensitivity of transgenic mice overexpressing the human TNFR2. The ligand for cytotoxic signaling via both TNF receptors is the precursor of soluble TNF, i.e. transmembrane TNF. Indeed, transmembrane TNF is sufficient to mediate hepatic damage, as transgenic mice deficient in wild-type soluble TNF but expressing a mutated nonsecretable form of TNF developed inflammatory liver disease.     

ERKl和P16在人胃肠道间质瘤组织中的表达及相关性

目的 检测ERK1和P16 在胃肠道间质瘤组和正常对照组中的表达,探讨其在胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)发生和发展中的作用和相互关系。方法 采用组织芯片技术和免疫组化Elivision二步法检测40例胃肠道间质瘤组和40例正常对照组中ERK1和P16的表达,应用图像分析软件Image-Pro Plus 6.0对ERK1和p16的表达行平均吸光度分析。结果 与正常组织相比,胃肠道间质瘤组织中ERK1的表达明显增高（ P＜0.01）,而P16的表达明显降低（P＜0.01）。ERK1和P16的表达与组织学分级密切相关（P＜0.05）,而与年龄、肿块大小、组织学类型和复发无相关性。胃肠道间质瘤中ERK1与P16的表达呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论 在胃肠道间质瘤组织中,ERK1明显增高,P16则明显降低。两者之间存在显著负相关。     

Proprotein convertases 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2) are expressed in neurally differentiated rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs)

Neural-like cells derived from bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) have potential usefulness in cell therapy of degenerative or traumatic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The functional recovery mediated by these cells, however, depends on the secretion of neurotrophins (NTs) and their cognate receptors, as the main regulators of neural survival and death. The function of NTs is further modulated by proprotein convertase (PC) enzymes which function in converting proproteins (including proNTs) into their functional end products. Accordingly, failure in converting proprotein forms of NTs into their mature forms may lead to neuronal cell death. In the present study, we have investigated the expression profile of PCs before and during neural differentiation of rat BMSCs by RT-PCR. Our results show that major members of the PC family functioning in the constitutive secretory pathway (furin, PACE4 and PC7/LPC) are highly expressed in both undifferentiated and neurally differentiated BMSCs. In contrast, while PC1/PC3 and PC2 (specific to neural and endocrine cells) are absent in undifferentiated BMSCs, their expression is initiated upon the induction of differentiation. In conclusion, our results suggest that neurally differentiated BMSCs have acquired the functional machinery to process the precursor forms of proteins in both the constitutive and regulated pathways.