互联网医学资源及检索研究

Internet的出现 ,为医学工作者提供了新的信息来源 ,网上的医学信息、医学资源日益增多 ,人们可以从中得到越来越多有价值的信息 ,这些信息同时处于不断的动态更新中 ,对医学工作者进行科研、教学都具有很大的现实意义。互联网医学资源主要包括医学文献 ,医学书籍、医学网站、医学论坛以及其它与医学相关的互联网资源。本文重点研究医学文献的互联网资源及检索办法。1　通过搜索引擎检索医学文献搜索引擎是最为常用的 WWW资源搜索工具之一。从字面上讲 ,“搜索”为想办法搜寻 ,“引擎”为力大无比的发动机。“搜索引擎”也就是指充分利用…     

万维网医学搜索引擎检索性能的比较研究

快速检索和筛选因特网可靠且相关的医学信息是医学图书馆员和其他人员共同面临的重要问题,而搜索引擎被认为是网络信息索的最重要网络工具,综合性搜索引擎和医学专业搜索引擎在查找医学信息上有什么不同,它们的检索性能和检索机制将怎样影响检索的结果,都是需要解决的问题。本研究使用代表性的医学主题对７个搜索引擎进行比较,从评价标准和检索结果相关性等方面分析了搜索引擎在词语检索上的优缺点,并就如何选取合适的搜索引擎,采用何种检索模式和检索策略等进行了探讨。     

如何在因特网上快速检索医学文献

介绍几种常用综合性搜索引擎和医学专业搜索引擎的特点和使用方法，以PubMed医学文献检索服务系统为例详细说明如何在因特网上快速获取医学信息。     

利用搜索引擎检索药学信息的方法

Internet作为目前世界上最大的信息资源库 ,拥有无尽的信息资源 ,其中蕴藏着大量的药学信息。目前人们常利用搜索引擎来快速、准确地获取所需信息 ,如何在众多的搜索引擎中选择方便、易用、查询药学信息效率高的搜索引擎 ,为此我们对 YAHOO、 GOOGL E、 L YCOS、 EXCITE、 FASTSEARCH、NORTHERN L IGHT几种普通搜索引擎检索药学信息的方法与效果进行了比较研究。1　常用搜索引擎的基本检索功能当前 ,网上查询信息最常用的检索工具就是搜索引擎 ,其中利用率较高的搜索引擎有 :YAHOO、 GOOGL E、 LY-COS、 EXCITE…     

利用"中国远程病理中心"进行国际互联网医学资源检索

“中国远程病理中心”网站主页上的检索园地栏目中链接了大量的国内外医药期刊学杂志、病理学网页和医学网络搜索器、数据库的网址，由此进入可以方便地查找国际互联网中的各种医学资料，检索到全世界范围内的各种有关医学的网上资料如文献、教科书、图像、多媒体教学、新闻等内容。本文重点介绍如何利用该网站进行国际互联网医学资源检索。     

医学搜索引擎的特征和评析

从数据库规模、信息采集方式、检索功能、结果排序规则等几个方面对国外著名的医学搜索引擎进行比较和评析．旨在帮助医学专业人员及时了解各种医学搜索引擎的使用方法，学会选择最合适的信息查找途径。     

医学图像检索研究

介绍了基于内容的医学图像检索系统的意义、方法和关键技术,分析了国内外医学图像检索领域的应用现状,并在此基础上探讨了基于内容的图像检索技术在医学图像检索领域的应用前景和未来的发展方向.     

医学图像检索研究

介绍了基于内容的医学图像检索系统的意义、方法和关键技术,分析了国内外医学图像检索领域的应用现状,并在此基础上探讨了基于内容的图像检索技术在医学图像检索领域的应用前景和未来的发展方向。     

利用医学文献信息资源的途径

医学科研工作者在从事一项课题研究之前 ,首先要对国内外的文献作系统的检索、收集和阅读 ,以了解和分析相关研究的现状 ,在前人或他人已取得的成果或研究进展的基础上 ,寻求获得科学创新的先进起点。随着计算机、通讯技术的飞速发展 ,人们可通过因特网、联机检索等手段方便地获取信息 ,但对于大多数医学科研人员而言 ,特别是基层医务人员 ,由于某些条件的限制 ,查找医学文献信息的途径首选仍是利用图书馆的各种检索工具及图书馆提供的信息服务去获取 ,而笔者在实际工作中却发现不少读者缺乏查阅医学文献的知识及其检索技能 ,为此本文将介绍…     

如何利用因特网中的搜索引擎检索中医药文献

互联网上有非常丰富的中医药信息资源，其信息形式多样，分布离散，搜索信息有很多的困难。本文介绍了搜索引擎的概念、分类，列举了常用综合性搜索引擎和医学搜索引擎，详细说明了使用搜索引擎检索中医药文献的常用方法和技巧。     

Using Internet search engines to obtain medical information: a comparative study

Background

The Internet has become one of the most important means to obtain health and medical information. It is often the first step in checking for basic information about a disease and its treatment. The search results are often useful to general users. Various search engines such as Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and Ask.com can play an important role in obtaining medical information for both medical professionals and lay people. However, the usability and effectiveness of various search engines for medical information have not been comprehensively compared and evaluated.

Objective

To compare major Internet search engines in their usability of obtaining medical and health information.

Methods

We applied usability testing as a software engineering technique and a standard industry practice to compare the four major search engines (Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and Ask.com) in obtaining health and medical information. For this purpose, we searched the keyword breast cancer in Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and Ask.com and saved the results of the top 200 links from each search engine. We combined nonredundant links from the four search engines and gave them to volunteer users in an alphabetical order. The volunteer users evaluated the websites and scored each website from 0 to 10 (lowest to highest) based on the usefulness of the content relevant to breast cancer. A medical expert identified six well-known websites related to breast cancer in advance as standards. We also used five keywords associated with breast cancer defined in the latest release of Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and analyzed their occurrence in the websites.

Results

Each search engine provided rich information related to breast cancer in the search results. All six standard websites were among the top 30 in search results of all four search engines. Google had the best search validity (in terms of whether a website could be opened), followed by Bing, Ask.com, and Yahoo!. The search results highly overlapped between the search engines, and the overlap between any two search engines was about half or more. On the other hand, each search engine emphasized various types of content differently. In terms of user satisfaction analysis, volunteer users scored Bing the highest for its usefulness, followed by Yahoo!, Google, and Ask.com.

Conclusions

Google, Yahoo!, Bing, and Ask.com are by and large effective search engines for helping lay users get health and medical information. Nevertheless, the current ranking methods have some pitfalls and there is room for improvement to help users get more accurate and useful information. We suggest that search engine users explore multiple search engines to search different types of health information and medical knowledge for their own needs and get a professional consultation if necessary.     

Pubmed数据库计算机检索医学信息

Pubmed是NCBI开发的检索Medline的网上系统。本文介绍了Pubmed的收录范围、检索方法、功能和特点。目的是让医学工作者能够在较短的时间里,掌握网上医学文献的检索,充分开发和利用网上生物医学资源。     

Clinical anatomy as the basis for clinical examination: development and evaluation of an Introduction to Clinical Examination in a problem-oriented medical curriculum

Clinical anatomy is usually defined as anatomy applied to patient care. The question is asked whether students of a new horizontally and vertically integrated medical curriculum recognize the subject as the basis for clinical examination. A clinical anatomy practicum was developed in the special activity, "Introduction to Clinical Medicine," held in the second year of the Pretoria medical curriculum. The practicum was conducted on a station basis to anatomically prepare the student for the inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, and urogenital systems. A total of 23 stations consisting of eight cardiovascular, seven respiratory, and eight abdominal/urogenital stations were designed. Standardized patients, cadavers, skeletons, prosected specimens, x-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimedia programs, and clinical case studies were used as resources. A Likert-type questionnaire was used for student evaluation of the practicum. Most students realized the importance of surface anatomy for a family physician. More than two-thirds thought the practicum improved their understanding of the anatomical basis for clinical examination. The minority of students were stimulated to do further reading on clinical examination. The students' response to their ability to integrate the clinical examination with the radiological anatomy was average. Most students were continuously aware of the appropriateness of the practicum for their future career. We conclude that medical students recognize the importance of anatomy as the basis for clinical examination when exposed to an appropriate integrated presentation format.     

An investigation of construct validity of humanistic clinical skills on a medical licensure examination

Objective

To test construct validity of humanistic clinical skills measured by a medical licensure performance examination using multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty-seven third- and fourth-year undergraduate osteopathic medical students in 2007-2008 were randomly sampled. The Global Patient Assessment Tool (GPAT), designed to assess professionalism, interpersonal relationship, and doctor-patient communication was tested under two measurement methods: standard examination ratings and peer performance ratings of the same examinee. Two concurrent validity factors (data gathering and written patient notes) were included.

Results

Convergent validity was supported under the two methods of scoring. Moderate to strong correlations among trait factors indicated weak discriminate validity. Method effects were indicated. The relationship between GPAT and two concurrent validity factors indicate measures of relatively different constructs.

Conclusion

Evidence of construct validity for the GPAT indicate scores should be interpreted as measuring a humanistic clinical skills construct consisting of homogeneous measures of professionalism, interpersonal relationship, and physician-patient communication. Findings are consistent with the interpretation and use of the GPAT as an important part of medical licensure examinations.

Practical implications

The implications to medical licensure standardized-patient examinations are discussed in terms of the GPAT as a valid measure of medical students’ humanistic clinical skills.     

The need for national medical licensing examination in Saudi Arabia

Background

Medical education in Saudi Arabia is facing multiple challenges, including the rapid increase in the number of medical schools over a short period of time, the influx of foreign medical graduates to work in Saudi Arabia, the award of scholarships to hundreds of students to study medicine in various countries, and the absence of published national guidelines for minimal acceptable competencies of a medical graduate.

Discussion

We are arguing for the need for a Saudi national medical licensing examination that consists of two parts: Part I (Written) which tests the basic science and clinical knowledge and Part II (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) which tests the clinical skills and attitudes. We propose this examination to be mandated as a licensure requirement for practicing medicine in Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion

The driving and hindering forces as well as the strengths and weaknesses of implementing the licensing examination are discussed in details in this debate.     

Motivational interviewing training for medical students: A pilot pre-post feasibility study

Objective

To evaluate the impact of brief training in motivational interviewing (MI) from a non-specialist professional for medical students.

临床医学专业“七转八”入学考试增加客观结构化临床考试实践探索

目的招收优秀的临床医学七年制医学生进入北京协和医学院临床医学八年制"七转八"项目学习。方法在临床医学专业"七转八"项目入学考试中增加5个考站的客观结构化临床考试(OSCE)。结果对考试成绩进行分析显示,OSCE的总成绩、笔试总分和沟通交流等项目近乎于正态分布,测试能力较好;SP问诊、查体和英语笔试没能区分出差异。考生的笔试成绩与各考站的相关系数在0.048~0.334之间。结论 2014年"七转八"入学OSCE项目的设计是成功的,有必要在"七转八"入学考试增加OSCE。     

Optimal strategy for time-limited sequential search

An optimal strategy is developed for maximizing the expected benefit in time limited sequential search processes with very low candidate encounter rates. We formulate a model for searches where there are k types of candidates whose benefits and encounter rates are known prior to the start of the search. The optimal strategy consists of determining the specific times during the search at which the acceptable candidate pool should be expanded by including the next lower candidate type in the pool. Results indicate that, in general, candidate types with the higher benefits dominate the optimal strategy.     

《医学信息》1999-2001年文献计量分析

本文统计了《医学信息》1999—2001年的论文、作者、引文的基本情况，并对有关数据进行了分析评价。