氰戊菊酯对大鼠精子及生殖激素的影响

目的探讨氰戊菊酯(Fen)对雄性大鼠精子计数、活力以及生殖激素的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠,分别以0、20、40、80mg/kg剂量的Fen连续灌胃染毒15和30d,按常规方法进行精子计数和精子活力检测,应用放射免疫法和化学发光免疫法测定大鼠血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)和睾丸匀浆中T、E2水平。结果Fen染毒15d时,与0mg/kg组相比,40mg/kg剂量组精子数量明显减少(P<0.01),20和40mg/kg组睾丸匀浆中T水平显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),血清LH、FSH水平随染毒剂量的增加而升高,且FSH水平和染毒剂量有显著的剂量-效应关系(P<0.05);Fen染毒至30d时,各组间精子数量差异不显著,与0mg/kg组相比,40mg/kg剂量组(a+b)级精子活力显著降低(P<0.05),血清LH、FSH水平随染毒剂量的增加而升高,但差异不显著。结论Fen对雄性大鼠有明显的生殖毒性作用,能够改变血清和睾丸中的生殖激素水平。     

它莫西芬对促性腺激素、睾酮及精液参数影响的研究

本文报告它莫西芬治疗特发性少精症对卵泡刺激素_(ESH)、黄体生成素_(LH)、睾酮(T)以及对精子数量、活力、精浆果糖等参数的影响。采用的双盲法对39例受试者分为实验组、实验对照组、安慰组。结果表明服用它莫西芬20mg/日3个月,可以明显增加血中FSH、LH、T水平,对精子活力,精浆果糖浓度无明显影响。对精子密度在3个月服药期间个体差异较大,均数无明显增加。从临床角度而言,它莫西治疗特发性少精症不育可能对配偶妊娠是有益的。     

Effect of Lower Versus Higher Doses of Tamoxifen on Pituitary-Gonadal Function and Sperm Indices in Oligozoospermic Men

Administration of the antiestrogen tamoxifen for one month to 12 patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia significantly increased the mean basal testosterone (T) level and the responses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to constant luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) infusion but did not significantly influence the mean oestradiol (E2) levels or the E2 over testosterone ratio. Mean sperm concentration and total sperm output increased by about 70% after a mean treatment period of 5.5 +/- 0.4 months. No statistically significant difference was found between the two subgroups of patients treated with either the lower (5 or 10 mg once daily) or higher dose of tamoxifen (10 mg twice daily) with respect to basal or LHRH stimulated gonadotropin and testosterone response or the E2/T ratio and the effect on sperm density and total sperm output. In both subgroups the sperm motility and morphology remained unchanged. In conclusion higher doses of tamoxifen in this study prove not to be superior to lower doses in improving mean sperm density and total sperm output. The relative small percentage of patients achieving normalisation of only these sperm parameters pleads for further search for more effective selection of patients and other more effective treatment modalities in patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia.     

Effect of sodium arsenite on spermatogenesis,plasma gonadotrophins and testosterone in rats

To investigate the effect of arsenic on spermatogenesis. Methods: Mature (4 months old) Wistar rats were intraperitoneally administered sodium arsenite at doses of 4, 5 or 6 mg-kg^-day1 for 26 days. Different varieties of germ cells at stage VII seminiferous epithelium cycle, namely, type A spermatogonia (ASg), preleptotene spermatocytes (pLSc), midpachytene spermatocytes (mPSc) and step 7 spermatids (7Sd) were quantitatively evaluated, along with radioimmunoassay of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), lutuneizing hormone (LH), testosterone and assessment of the epididymal sperm count. Results: In the 5 and 6 mg/kg groups, there were significant dose-dependent decreases in the accessory sex organ weights, epididymal sperm count and plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone with massive degeneration of all the germ cells at stage VII. The changes were insignificant in the 4 mg/kg group. Conclusion: Arsenite has a suppressive influence on spermatogenesis and gonadotrophin and testosterone r     

Quercetin and rutin ameliorates sulphasalazine‐induced spermiotoxicity,alterations in reproductive hormones and steroidogenic enzyme imbalance in rats

Certain dietary flavonoids exhibit protective potentials against drug‐induced male reproductive toxicities. We investigated the protective effects of quercetin and rutin on sulphasalazine‐induced alterations in steroidogenic enzyme activity, hormone profile and spermiotoxicity in rats. Sulphasalazine (SASP, 600 mg/kg bw) was administered alone or in combination with quercetin (20 mg/kg bw) or rutin (10 mg/kg bw) for 14 days. SASP treatment significantly increased relative weights of the epididymis and seminal vesicles. Also, testicular and epididymal sperm numbers (TSN, ESN), motility, daily sperm production (DSP) and acrosome reaction (AR) significantly decreased. SASP altered plasma testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels while testicular cholesterol levels, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) activities were decreased. Elevated malondialdehyde levels and concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were evident in testis and epididymis of SASP‐treated rats. Quercetin or rutin co‐treatment with SASP significantly reversed organ weights, preserved sperm integrity, restored plasma hormone levels and increased cholesterol levels, 3β‐HSD and 17β‐HSD activities in testis. Both flavonoids also prevented oxidative stress in testis and epididymis of SASP‐treated rats. Quercetin and rutin protect against the negative effects of SASP treatment on reproductive capacity in male rats.     

Characterization of the exfoliative antispermatogenic agent 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid in the rhesus monkey.

The effects of oral doses of 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (DICA) on spermatogenesis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was studied. Four animals given five daily 50 mg/kg doses or three or five daily 500 mg/kg doses showed that DICA was an exfoliating antispermatogenic compound. The inhibition of spermatogenesis was only partially reversible following 500 mg/kg doses of DICA. Weekly and monthly 50 mg/kg doses of DICA only partially inhibiting spermatogenesis as measured by electro-ejaculated sperm counts. Response in individual monkeys ranged from azoospermia to no effect. Testicular biopsies confirmed this finding. DICA did not affect serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or testosterone concentrations. The blood absorption or urinary excretion rates of uniformly tritiated DICA in the animals that responded well did not differ from those monkeys that responded poorly. DICA metabolites were not detected in monkey urine. Serum testosterone concentrations appeared to vary with the season of the year, but FSH concentrations and ejaculated sperm count did not.     

Development of dimethandrolone 17beta-undecanoate (DMAU) as an oral male hormonal contraceptive: induction of infertility and recovery of fertility in adult male rabbits

Dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU: 7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone 17β-undecanoate) is a potent orally active androgen with progestational activity that is in development for therapeutic uses in men. We hypothesized that because of its dual activity, DMAU might have potential as a single-agent oral hormonal contraceptive. To test this possibility, adult male rabbits (5/group) of proven fertility were treated orally with vehicle or DMAU at 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg/d for 12 or 13 weeks. Semen and blood samples were collected every other week through week 30. Sperm were decreased (P < .05) in semen samples from DMAU-treated rabbits at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/d at weeks 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 compared to week 0 (prior to treatment). The percentage of forward progressive motile sperm in those rabbits that still had measurable sperm was also reduced by DMAU treatment at 2.5 mg/kg/d at weeks 14, 16, 18, and 20 and at 5.0 mg/kg/d at week 18 (P < .05). At 1.0 mg/kg/d only 1 rabbit had reduced sperm numbers and motility. A mating trial was performed at week 15. The number of bred males that were fertile was 4 of 4 in the vehicle-treated group and 4 of 5, 0 of 4, and 2 of 5 in the 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg/d DMAU treatment groups. By week 22, sperm numbers and forward progressive motility increased, and they returned to pretreatment levels in all DMAU-treated rabbits by week 30. All bred males were fertile at week 31. Serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly suppressed in DMAU (1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg/d)-treated rabbits during the 12-week dosing interval, but were comparable to pretreatment levels after cessation of dosing. These data indicate that DMAU suppressed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in severe oligospermia in the majority of rabbits in the 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg/d dosing groups. Infertility was observed when sperm numbers decreased to about 10% of pretreatment levels. In rabbits dosed with DMAU at 10.0 mg/kg/d, no effect on sperm numbers or motility was observed by week 12. Dosing continued for another week, and the rabbits underwent a gross necropsy on week 13 with removal of testes and epididymides for histology and preparation of testicular cytosol. Serum testosterone, FSH, and LH levels were considerably suppressed in these rabbits as in the lower-dose groups. The lack of oligospermia in the 10.0 mg/kg group as well as in the 2 fertile males in the 5.0 mg/kg group may have been due to high intratesticular levels of 7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone, the active metabolite of DMAU. Hence, as observed previously for testosterone, DMAU has a biphasic effect on spermatogenesis. Collectively, these data indicate that DMAU has the potential to be an orally active single-agent male hormonal contraceptive at an appropriate dose level and should be tested for contraceptive efficacy in nonhuman primates.     

The stimulatory role of estrogen on sperm motility in the male golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

To clarify the physiological roles of estrogens in the regulation of sperm motility in the golden hamster, two different approaches were used. In the first experiment, silastic tubes containing either low (low E2 group) or high (high E2 group) amount of estradiol-17beta were implanted (Exp 1). In the second experiment, male golden hamsters were actively immunized against estradiol-17beta (Exp 2). In Exp 1, all sperm motility parameters (including motility, straight velocity, curvilinear velocity, beat/cross frequency, and mean amplitude of lateral head displacement) were significantly increased except linear index in the high E2 group as compared with controls at 20 days after the treatment. In the high E2 group, plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) significantly increased, whereas levels of circulating testosterone decreased significantly. Plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and immunoreactive inhibin were not affected by the treatment with estradiol-17beta. In the Exp 2, titer of circulating antibodies to estradiol-17beta consistently increased after the second immunization until the end of experiment (16 weeks). The sperm motility, straight velocity, and curvilinear velocity were significantly decreased after active immunization to estradiol-17beta. Concentrations of circulating LH and FSH were also decreased significantly by the treatment. In conclusion, the current observations indicate that estradiol-17beta affects sperm motility in adult male golden hamsters.     

Testicular function following cyclophosphamide treatment for childhood nephrotic syndrome: long-term follow-up study

Testicular function of 17 males treated in childhood or adolescence for nephrotic syndrome (NS) with cyclophosphamide (CY) for a mean time of 240 days (mean total dosage of 16.4 g or 641 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated at a mean time of 11.8 years after treatment. Five were azoopsermic, 1 oligospermic, and 11 normospermic. There was a significant inverse correlation of sperm density with CY dosage and duration of treatment. All patients had undergone normal pubertal development and had normal sexual characteristics. Both basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were significantly raised in oligo- and azoospermic patients. Raised basal and peak FSH and LH concentrations in normospermic patients with a sperm count of less than 40×10⁶/ml were in keeping with impairment of two testicular components. However, mean basal plasma testosterone levels and mean peak plasma testosterone responses to human chrionic gonadotropin (HCG) did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Although LH responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone suggested compensated Leydig cell failure in patients with testicular tubular damage, secretory reserve capacity of these cells, estimated by a HCG stimulation test, was preserved. Further follow-up is required to ascertain whether in these patients Leydig cell failure will develop with time.     

Lepidium meyenii （ Maca ） improved semen parameters in adult men

Aim: The present study was designed to determine the effect of a 4-month oral treatment with tablets of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on seminal analysis in nine adult normal men aged 24 - 44 years old. Methods: Nine men received tablets of Maca (1500 or 3000 mg/day) for 4 months. Seminal analysis was performed according to guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) were measured before and after treatment. Results: Treatment with Maca resulted in increased seminal volume, sperm count per ejaculum, motile sperm count, and sperm motility. Serum hormone levels were not modified with Maca treamaent. Increase of sperm count was not related to dose of Maca. Conclusion: Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2.     

Effects of cyclosporin A on male reproduction in rats

Effects of cyclosporin (Cs) on male reproduction in rats were examined. A dose-dependent decrease of the sperm counts in the cauda epididymis was observed 6 weeks after Cs was administered. A significant decrease of sperm motility was also observed in the each Cs-treated group in any observational period after Cs injection, which suggested an injury to epididymis by Cs. A slight damage of the seminiferous tubules was demonstrated 6 weeks after administration of 40 or 60 mg/kg of Cs. No change in serum levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone was demonstrated throughout the experiment. But serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone were significant high in any observational period except 6 weeks after Cs injection. It was concluded that Cs gave injuries to both spermatogonia and epididymal function in rat.     

Seminal plasma androgen/oestrogen balance in infertile men

The hypothesis that the balance between oestrogen and androgen in seminal plasma is important for normal fertility was investigated. We determined the concentrations of oestradiol and testosterone in blood and seminal plasma from 62 infertile men and 32 normozoospermic men. Infertile men were classified according to semen analysis (concentration, motility and morphology): asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia and oligoteratoasthenozoospermia. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in all participants. For all subjects, mean testosterone levels were lower and mean oestradiol were higher in seminal plasma than in blood. Seminal plasma testosterone levels were lower in the infertile groups vs. control men ( p < 0.0002). Oligpzoospermic and oligoteratoasthenozoospermic men had significantly higher seminal plasma oestradiol levels compared with controls ( p < 0.03). The three infertile groups had significantly lower seminal plasma testosterone/oestradiol ratio than control men ( p < 0.001). Sperm analysis data (concentration, motility and morphology) significantly correlated with seminal plasma testosterone/oestradiol ratio. The findings of elevated seminal plasma oestradiol, decreased testosterone and testosterone/oestradiol ratio in infertile men, and the significant correlation between hormone levels and sperm analysis data suggest that the local balance between androgen and oestrogen is important for spermatogenesis.     

Effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in diesel exhaust particles on the regulation of testicular function in immature male rats

We investigated the effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol, PNMC) isolated from diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on the reproductive functions of male rats. Twenty-eight-day-old rats were injected subcutaneously with PNMC (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg) daily for 5 days. The weights of the epididymis, seminal vesicle, and Cowper gland were significantly decreased in rats treated with 10 mg/kg PNMC. The plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly increased by PNMC at 100 mg/kg. However, the plasma concentrations of testosterone and immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin were significantly decreased by PNMC at 100 mg/kg. The testosterone content of the testicles was significantly decreased in the group treated with 100 mg/kg PNMC compared with the control group. Furthermore, testicular concentration of ir-inhibin was significantly decreased by PNMC at 1 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg. To investigate the direct effects of PNMC on the secretion of LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland, and on the secretion of testosterone from the testes, we exposed cultured anterior pituitary and interstitial Leydig cells to PNMC (10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) M) with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 10 nM) (for the LH and FSH tests) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 0.1 IU/mL) (for the testosterone test) for 24 hours. PNMC did not change either the basal or GnRH-stimulated levels of FSH and LH secretion. However, PNMC significantly inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production. These findings suggest that PNMC has a direct effect on the testes of immature male rats, causing a reduction in testosterone secretion.     

Semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function related to blood lead levels in infertile painters

Lead causes male reproductive impairment among painters, but information is still limited. Therefore, the effect of lead on semen quality and reproductive endocrinal function in those patients was investigated. A case series of 27 infertile painters were subjected to semen analysis, measuring of blood lead level (PbB) and serum levels of endocrinal parameters including follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL). Significantly lower sperm count and motility were found in those with duration of exposure (≥15 years), but no significant difference was found for PbB and serum levels of FSH, LH, PRL and T. A significant negative correlation between PbB and spermatic count and motility was observed, while there was no significant correlation between PbB and all endocrinal parameters. Patients with PbB ≥ 20 μg dl^?1 showed a significant decrease in sperm motility and increase in testosterone alone among all measured hormones. But the observed decrease in sperm count did not reach a significant level. It is concluded that infertile painters are at risk of lead‐related influence on semen quality, especially sperm motility and increased testosterone level without significant affection of other reproductive endocrinal parameters.     

Effects of long-term testosterone administration on pituitary-testicular axis in end-stage renal failure

The endocrine effects of long-term testosterone administration were studied in 6 end-stage renal failure patients. During a 3-month control period where no androgens were administered the mean plasma testosterone level (7.3 nmol/l) was depressed while mean plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL) levels were elevated at 41.2 mU/ml, 105.5 mU/ml, and 63 ng/ml, respectively. These values were repeated during a 6-month study period where each subject was administered testosterone enanthate (400 mg) intramuscularly once a week. Plasma testosterone levels markedly increased in all subjects with a mean elevation of 72.4 nmol/l, while reductions were observed in FSH and LH levels with values of 2.7 and 16.3 mU/ml, respectively. When compared with control period values, these changes were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Although the mean plasma PRL level of 49.0 ng/ml was reduced when compared with the control period values, this reduction was not statistically significant. Our control period findings of low plasma testosterone levels coupled with high plasma LH and FSH are consistent with Leydig cell dysfunction. The significant reductions in plasma FSH and LH noted during the study period indicate a negative feedback effect produced by the pharmacologic doses of testosterone. Long-term testosterone administration, however, did not significantly affect the elevated mean PRL levels observed in these subjects.     

Selenium attenuates diclofenac-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in rats

The adverse effect of diclofenac administration on the male reproductive organ in both humans and rats has been reported. Selenium, a trace element vital in nutrition, plays a significant part in cellular redox homeostasis, including male reproduction. However, the impact of selenium on male reproductive toxicity associated with diclofenac administration is lacking in the literature. The current investigation assessed the modulatory effects of selenium on diclofenac-mediated reproductive toxicity in rats. Rats were treated for fourteen consecutive days, either with diclofenac (10 mg/kg) or co-treated with selenium (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg) body weight. Sperm parameters, enzymes of testicular function, luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone were assessed in addition to oxidative stress indices and histopathological changes. Selenium significantly alleviated diclofenac-induced decreases in sperm count and motility, testicular function enzymes and levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in serum. Moreover, selenium co-administration at 0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg inhibited the diclofenac-induced decrease of antioxidant enzyme activities and increased oxidative stress parameters—lipid peroxidation, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species—in epididymis and testes of rats. Selenium (0.25 mg/kg) alone ameliorated diclofenac-mediated histological injuries in exposed rats. Collectively, selenium enhanced testicular and epididymal function in diclofenac-treated rats by suppressing nitrosative and oxidative stress in rats.     

A biochemical and histological approach to study antifertility effects of methanol leaf extract of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. in adult male rats

The study was designed to investigate the antifertility properties of methanol leaf extract of Asplenium dalhousiae in adult male rats. Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats (150 ± 10 g) divided into four groups (n = 10 animals/group) were administered with different doses (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/kg) of plant extract for 28 days. On day 29th, rats were decapitated, trunk blood and reproductive tissues were collected, and blood plasma was separated and stored until use for measuring reproductive hormones, while epididymis and testis were used for assessment of sperm parameters, oxidative stress status and morphometric analysis. Sperm motility, viability and sperm production rates were lowered in high dose treatment groups. Levels of catalase (CAT), sodium dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) decreased while stress biomarkers including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased among all treatment groups. Concentrations of plasma testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were decreased while levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) increased in high extract treated groups. Histological examination of testis showed disorganisation of seminiferous tubule and reduced spermatocytes number. The findings of current study revealed that methanol leaf extract of A. dalhousiae might induce antifertility effects via oxidative stress and interfering with testicular architecture leading to spermatogenic arrest.     

Sperm concentration and normal sperm morphology decrease and follicle-stimulating hormone level increases with age

OBJECTIVE: To assess hormone levels, testicular volume, and semen characteristics of fertile men of various age groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 889 men who sought a vasectomy between September 1999 and March 2003 were reviewed. Patients were divided into five groups by age; we evaluated semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, morphology and complex sperm motion variables. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone levels and both testicular volumes were compared. RESULTS: There were no differences among the groups in the levels of LH, testosterone, or right and left testicular volumes. There were differences among the five groups in FSH levels, semen volume, sperm concentration and motility. Normal morphology according to the World Health Organisation criteria was significantly lower in patients aged > 45 years. From a linear regression analysis, semen volume, sperm concentration and motility decreased by 0.01 mL, 2.1%, and 0.27%, respectively, per year, and the FSH level increased by 0.27%. CONCLUSIONS: Sperm concentration and motility decrease and FSH levels increase with age. Normal sperm morphology decreases from 45 years old. Thus, the ageing effect should be considered when proposing standard values for semen characteristics in routine semen analysis.     

Testicular function in men treated in childhood for undescended testes

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate testicular hormones and sperm counts of young men treated in childhood for cryptorchidism METHODS: Testicular volume, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone as well as semen specimens were evaluated in 57 men (mean age, 19 years; range, 18 to 27 years) treated in childhood for unilateral (n = 47) and bilateral (n = 10) cryptorchidism. In 3 unilateral cases monorchidism was found. Thirty-seven patients underwent orchiopexy after hormonal treatment (luteinizing hormone releasing factor, 1.2 mg/d for 28 days followed by human chorionic gonadotropin, 500 IU intramuscularly 3 times a week for 3 weeks). The remainder underwent surgery. Mean age at surgical treatment was 5.4 years (range, 2 to 12 years). These patients were examinated again after a mean period of 13.3 years (range, 10 to 19 years). RESULTS: Reduced testicular volume (<12 mL) was found in 6 of 64 testes (9.3%). LH, FSH, and testosterone levels were found within the normal range in all patients. With linear regression, inverse relations were found between FSH and, respectively, testicular volume (P =.002), sperm concentration (P =.013), sperm motility (P =.023), and normally shaped sperms (P =.019). There were direct relations between testicular volume and sperm concentration (P =.02), sperm motility (P =.000), and normally shaped sperms (P =.001). We did not find any statistical correlation between age at surgery and semen quality. Significantly better results in terms of sperm counts were found in patients directly operated on in comparison to those treated with hormones before orchiopexy. CONCLUSIONS: Presented data indicate tubular impairment in young men operated on in childhood for cryptorchidism; FSH values increase and testicular volume decrease are related to sperm deterioration. Studies on children treated in the first 2 years of life are required to clarify the usefulness of early treatment of cryptorchidism.     

氰戊菊酯对雄性大鼠生殖内分泌系统的影响

目的 :研究氰戊菊酯 (Fen)对雄性生殖内分泌系统的损害作用及其机制。　方法 :将不同剂量的Fen(0、2 .4、12、6 0mg/kg) ,每日分别对雄性成年SD大鼠连续灌胃 ,染毒 15、30d ,应用RIA法测定大鼠血清中FSH、LH、T和睾丸匀浆中T的水平 ,同步测定睾丸标志酶ACP、γ GT的活性 ,并采用精子头计数法观测每日精子生成量 (Spr)的变化。　结果 :与对照组相比 ,染毒 15d时 ,血清中FSH水平在≤ 12mg/kg剂量组均明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,血清中LH含量在 12mg/kg剂量组显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,而睾丸匀浆中T在≥ 12mg/kg剂量组中表现为显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;染毒至 30d时 ,血清中FSH水平在≥ 12mg/kg剂量范围继续呈现显著增加 (P <0 .0 1) ,睾丸匀浆中T在2 .4mg/kg剂量组则降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。ACP活性在染毒 15d时 2 .4mg/kg剂量组表现为升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,继续染毒至 30d时 6 0mg/kg剂量组则显著减低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;γ GT活性则始终随染毒剂量的增加而降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。Spr与染毒剂量有明显的剂量依赖关系 ,在≥ 12mg/kg剂量范围显著减少 (P <0 .0 1)。 　结论 :Fen对雄性大鼠有明显的生殖毒性 ,可影响其血清及睾丸性激素水平和酶活性 ,这可能与Fen对支持细胞和生精上皮的损害有关