肺泡巨噬细胞对石英、石棉等粉尘吞噬作用的扫描电镜研究

本文报道了兔肺泡巨噬细胞对石英、石棉等粉尘吞噬作用的扫描电镜研究,结果表明,吞噬石英粉尘的巨噬细胞表现膜皱褶疏密不一,出现泡状结构,伪足消失。濒死前的细胞膜呈光滑均质或呈大小不等的凹陷,细胞固缩。吞噬石棉尘的巨噬细胞出现膜改变时间较迟。扫描电镜所观察到的生物膜改变对尘肺防治措施提供科学依据。     

结核杆菌染色方法的改进

痰液检查结核杆菌 ,常采用抗酸染色法。但在厚涂片标本中 ,由于痰液对碱性美蓝的亲和作用 ,常使涂片的染色背景呈蓝黑色而掩盖了菌体颜色 ,如果染色时间不足 ,则无背景显色。这样均影响了检查结果的准确性。为了提高检出率 ,我们在实际操作中 ,采取重复酒精脱色的方法 ,即在普通抗酸染色基础上增加一次酸酒精脱色 ,使原背景的深蓝色 ,洗脱成淡蓝色 ,与阳性的抗酸杆菌菌体 (红色 )形成了鲜明的对照。现将方法叙述如下。1　检测对象　经本院结核科确诊为肺结核患者 15人 ;门诊随机挑选的非结核病患者 18人。2　取材　均取清晨第一次呼吸道深部…     

用Warthin-Starry特殊染色方法显示吞噬细胞内尘粒的研究

目的 研究人体吞噬细胞内尘粒的显示方法。方法 收集10例因肺外疾病（A组）、6例因矽肺死亡的尸检病例（B组）及5例足月死胎（C组）之肺、脾及淋巴结标本进行染色：（1）HE常规染色；（2）Warthin-Starry特殊染色（W－S染色）及改良的W－S染色；（3）CD68为第一抗体的免疫组织化学染色。透射电镜（TEM）及分析型电镜（AEM）观察测定吞噬细胞内尘粒的超微结构及其元素成分。结果 W－S染色除能显示HE染色切片中的较大尘粒外，还可显示HE染色下不 微细尘粒，尘细胞CD68抗体标记阳性；TEM及AEM分别观察检测到A、B两组尘粒大小、形态、密度及元素成分均有不同，除外了细菌及其他细胞内含物。结论 W－S染色方法可显示吞噬细胞内的尘粒，其对微细尘粒的染色效果优于常规的HE染色法，尘粒元素成分的确定则依赖AEM。     

牛磺酸对染矽尘大鼠肺组织炎性细胞影响

目的 探讨牛磺酸对染矽尘大鼠肺组织炎性细胞趋化的影响.方法 Wistar大鼠144只,随机分为对照组、染矽尘组和牛磺酸组,后2组气管内注入质量浓度为50 g/L的矽尘混悬液,牛磺酸组在实验开始前3d即给予含质量分数为2.5％的牛磺酸饲料持续喂养,对照组气管内注入等体积灭菌生理氯化钠溶液.偏振光显微镜观察肺纤维化发生情况,行在体全肺灌洗术,血细胞计数仪测定支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞数.结果 牛磺酸组第7、14、21和28天炎性细胞总数均低于染矽尘组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).牛磺酸组第14、21天巨噬细胞数低于染矽尘组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).牛磺酸组第21天中性粒细胞数低于染矽尘组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).牛磺酸组第14、21天淋巴细胞数均低于染矽尘组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 牛磺酸对矽尘诱导大鼠肺组织巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞的趋化具有抑制作用.     

肿瘤抗原致敏的树突状细胞抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的研究肿瘤细胞裂解物体外致敏的树突状细胞的抗肿瘤效应.方法经粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)和白细胞介素4(IL-4)协同诱导小鼠骨髓树突状细胞(DC)前体为DC反复冻融制备肿瘤细胞可溶性抗原,将肿瘤细胞可溶性抗原与DC共育,获得肿瘤抗原致敏的DC,将其直接作为瘤苗对荷瘤小鼠进行免疫治疗实验.结果从每只小鼠股骨中分离的DC前体细胞经GM-CSF和IL-4协同诱导,可获得(3～5)×106个树突状细胞;用肿瘤细胞可溶性抗原致敏的DC瘤苗治疗的荷瘤小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞转化率明显高于其它实验组及对照组,其瘤体生长减缓,生存时间明显延长.结论肿瘤抗原体外致敏的DC对荷瘤小鼠具有明显的免疫治疗作用,可望成为肿瘤免疫治疗的新途径.     

二乙基亚硝胺对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

为研究二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)对巨噬细胞活化和吞噬作用的影响,采用蜜噻蓝(MTT)及邻苯二胺比色法测定了小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的活性和吞噬功能,结果表明DEN连续灌气染毒一周(5,10mg/kg)可明显降低腹腔巨噬细胞的数量和活性.此外,DEN还可抑制腹腔巨噬细胞对羊红细胞的吞噬作用,且呈剂量反应关系.DEN的这种抑制作用可能与其降低机体对致病微生物感染的抵抗力有关.     

69例小儿中性粒细胞减少症的治疗方法及疗效分析

目的:分析小儿中性粒细胞减少症的治疗方法及疗效。方法:将2009年1月～2010年8月收治的小儿中性粒细胞减少症69例患儿随机分为A组(治疗组)35例和B组(对照组)34例。A组除常规应用抗病毒药物及支持治疗外,加用甘露聚糖肽或利可君升白细胞药物治疗;B组常规应用抗病毒药物及支持治疗。比较两组治疗前后的白细胞总数、中性粒细胞绝对值及治愈率。结果:治疗组26例恢复正常,总有效率为74.3%;对照组20例恢复正常,总有效率为58.8%。两组比较P<0.01。结论:小儿粒细胞减少症是严重危害小儿健康的疾病,临床应以预防为主,合理使用抗生素;及早发现并采取针对病因的综合治疗方法可以避免对患儿造成严重损害。     

全氟异丁烯吸入性急性肺损伤机制

全氟异丁烯(Perfluoroisobutylene,PFIB)常温下无色,略带青草味,是聚氟工业主要副产物之一,在火灾等意外事故中也有较大量生成,可穿透防毒面具,是一种潜在的化学战剂.PFIB主要经呼吸道吸入,肺是惟一中毒靶器官,短时间内可引起头痛、咳嗽、发热、胸痛、呼吸困难等症状,严重者出现肺水肿,死亡率约为1/5[1],但预后良好并可产生耐受性,无遗传毒性及致癌性[2].     

中性粒细胞群落参数在术后并发感染时的变化

目的 分析中性粒细胞群落参数(VCS参数)在机体应激状态时的变化,探讨其诊断应激状态并发细菌感染的可能.方法 使用Coulter LH 750血液分析仪,检测41例经细菌培养确诊并发术后感染者和83例术后无感染症状者及212例正常对照者的外周血,记录白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NE)和中性粒细胞的各项VCS参数,并根据感染病原菌的革兰染色结果,将感染组分为革兰阴性菌感染组和革兰阳性菌感染组;然后再进行指标的组间比较分析.结果 无感染症状组WBC为(15.40±2.40)× 109/L,NE为(84.50±3.10)％,感染组WBC为(16.20±3.04)×109/L,NE为(85.60±3.40)％,两组差异无统计学意义;而中性粒细胞细胞平均体积(NEV)及其分布宽度(NVW)术后明显高于术前(P＜0.01);NEV、NVW在ROC曲线中的线下面积为0.800和0.777,要大于其他指标,在取临界值≥152.15和≥22.55时,其敏感性和特异性分别为70.73％、79.52％和90.24％、51.81％;在革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌感染组间,NEV和NEC差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 继发的细菌感染引起了应激状态下中性粒细胞VCS参数的显著性变化,NEV、NVW出现了显著性的增大,其对临床的诊治有一定帮助.     

Phagocytosis of bacterial aggregates by granulocytes

A study was conducted on the granulocytic phagocytosis of bacterial aggregates obtained under ideal environmental conditions. For the strains studied, aggregation was favored by low salt concentrations, low pH and temperatures between 30°C and 40°C. Our results show that the phagocytic capacity of granulocytes depends on the type and size of these aggregates. Those formed by a smaller number of cells are more easily phagocytized than the larger ones.     

病理学实验教学的改革思路探讨

实验教学是病理学课程的重要组成部分,也是学生在将来进行临床工作积累经验的过程。但是在实际的病理学实验教学中,学生对实验课程的内容和方式并没有很大兴趣,没有主动学习的积极性,影响到实验课程的教学效果。该文通过对病理学实验教学中的问题进行探讨和分析,提出一些个人的意见和改进思路。     

Cryptosporidium oocysts in water for human consumption

A study was carried out on the presence of oocysts ofCryptosporidium spp. in water for human consumption in the Province of Salamanca, Spain, using four different staining techniques: Ziehl-Neelsen, auramine, indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies (Meridian, USA) and direct immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies (Pasteur, France). The presence of oocysts was detected in the water used for the washing of sand filters in the four water purifying plants and in the drinking water of two of the six geographical areas studied. The Ziehl-Neelsen and auramine staining techniques were found to have excellent diagnostic correlation. Immunofluorescence stainings with monoclonal antibodies proved to be less sensitive.     

Abnormalities of Endocytosis,Phagocytosis, and Development Process in Dictyostelium Cells That Over-Express Acanthamoeba castellanii Metacaspase Protein

Background:

Acanthamoeba castellanii forms a resistant cyst that protects the parasite against the host’s immune response. Acanthamoeba Type-I metacaspase (Acmcp) is a caspase-like protein that has been found to be expressed during the encystations. Dictyostelium discoideum is an organism closely related to Acanthamoeba useful for studying the molecular function of this protozoan caspase-like protein.

Methods:

The full length of Acmcp and a mutated version of the same gene, which lacks the proline rich N-terminal region (Acmcp-dpr), were cloned into the pDneo2a-GFP vector separately. The pDneo2a-GFP-Acmcp and pDneo2a-GFPAcmcp-dpr were electro-transfected into wild type D. discoideum cells to create cell lines that over-expressed Acmcp or Acmcp-dpr.

Results:

Both cell lines that over-expressed Acmcp and Acmcp-dpr showed a significant increase in the fluid phase internalization and phagocytosis rate compared to the control cells. Additionally, the cells expressing the Acmcp-dpr mutant were unable to initiate early development and failed to aggregate or form fruiting bodies under starvation conditions, whereas Acmcp over-expressing cells showed the opposite phenomena. Quantitative cell death analysis provided additional support for these findings.

Conclusion:

Acmcp is involved in the processes of endocytosis and phagocytosis. In addition, the proline rich region in Acmcp is important for cellular development in Dictyostelium. Given its important role in the development process, metacaspase protein is proposed as a candidate drug target against infections caused by A. castellanii.     

The price elasticity of demand for heroin: Matched longitudinal and experimental evidence

This paper reports estimates of the price elasticity of demand for heroin based on a newly constructed dataset. The dataset has two matched components concerning the same sample of regular heroin users: longitudinal information about real-world heroin demand (actual price and actual quantity at daily intervals for each heroin user in the sample) and experimental information about laboratory heroin demand (elicited by presenting the same heroin users with scenarios in a laboratory setting). Two empirical strategies are used to estimate the price elasticity of demand for heroin. The first strategy exploits the idiosyncratic variation in the price experienced by a heroin user over time that occurs in markets for illegal drugs. The second strategy exploits the experimentally induced variation in price experienced by a heroin user across experimental scenarios. Both empirical strategies result in the estimate that the conditional price elasticity of demand for heroin is approximately -0.80.     

基于模型任务的支架式教学及随机进入教学的复合式教学模式在影像诊断实验课中的应用探究

目的探讨基于模型任务的支架式教学结合随机进入教学的复合式的教学模式在影像诊断实验课之中的应用效果。方法将该校2016级医学影像学学生影像诊断实验课随机分为复合式教学模式班(实验组)和传统教学模式班(对照组),并在课后进行相关教学效果评价。结果复合式教学模式班与传统教学模式班试卷成绩差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),影像阅片成绩差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),并且多数学生认为复合式教学有益于自主学习能力的提高,提高了学习兴趣、创新能力、协作能力、沟通能力等。结论复合式教学模式的应用,相较传统教学方式能够更能够强化学生对于医学影像学专业知识的掌握,并且使学生临床思维的逻辑性、影像整合临床的能力以及对影像图片的观察、影像报告的书写等方面表现更加全面。     

Techniques for the Detection of Leukocytospermia in Human Semen

During the cytological evaluation of 1200 spermiocytograms, we used prestained microscope slides (Testsimplets) in 200 cases as a screening method. In 50 cases, a check was made to determine whether leukocytospermia could be detected with the aid of Cytur-Test. The findings were compared with smears that were routinely stained by the Papanicolaou technique and subsequently differentiated. The cytological examination of human sperm with the aid of Testsimplets provides a technically simple and rapid procedure that has sufficient informative value to permit the diagnosis or exclusion of the leukocytospermia and the sperm morphology. Leukocytospermia could also be detected by the use of Cytur-Test. The presence of larger numbers of spermatogenic cells does not lead to a blue coloration of the Cytur-Test areas. In cases of leukocytospermia there is a clear blue coloration. These two rapid techniques are useful for the diagnosis of leukocytospermia.