老年期焦虑与抑郁共病患者的睡眠质量研究

目的　探讨老年焦虑与抑郁障碍共病患者的睡眠质量,为临床治疗方案的确定提供理论 依据。方法　采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价焦虑情绪的严重程度,抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价抑郁情绪的 严重程度,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)分别对37例老年期焦虑与抑郁共病、22例老年期焦虑症和 23例老年期抑郁患者的睡眠质量进行评定,并进行对照研究。结果　共病组入睡时间、催眠药物、 PSQI总分明显高于抑郁组(F值分别18.23,14.56,16.33,P<0.00);而睡眠障碍得分高于焦虑组(F= 2.127,P<0.05)。比较共病组病期、SDS、SAS与PSQI各成分间的相关性发现,病期与入睡时间、总分呈 负相关关系(P<0.05),SAS与入睡时间、催眠药物和PSQI总分呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论　老 年期焦虑抑郁共病比老年期抑郁症患者的睡眠质量降低更突出,其焦虑情绪与入睡困难和药物的使用 情况更为密切,提示在老年期焦虑抑郁障碍的临床治疗过程中,需改善睡眠障碍。     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的治疗

焦虑障碍包括广泛性焦虑障碍 (GAD) ,惊恐障碍 ,强迫症 (OCD) ,社交恐怖 ,混合性焦虑抑郁障碍 (MAD)和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)。其中 MAD在 ICD- 1 0中的定义是 :患者多见于初级保健机构 ,有一定程度的焦虑和抑郁症状 ,并伴有植物神经症状 ,但又不符合特定的焦虑症或抑郁症诊断标准 ,也应与应激性生活事件无关[1] 。焦虑和抑郁障碍在诊断标准中是相互独立的疾病实体 ,但通常在同一个体共存。当两组症状分别考虑时 ,足以符合相应的诊断标准 ,这种情况称为焦虑、抑郁障碍共病。这种共病在初级保健人群中的患病率达 1 9% ,与单一焦虑或…     

抑郁与焦虑共病障碍临床研究

目的:调查抑郁与焦虑共病障碍的发生率,探讨其特点及预后.方法:对150例抑郁障碍患者用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定,3个月后进行随访.结果:45.3%的抑郁障碍患者共病焦虑障碍,共病以广泛焦虑障碍与惊恐障碍为最多(分别为22.0%、13.3%);入组时及3个月末,共病组HAMD、HAMA、CGI及SDSS总分均显著高于抑郁组(P＜0.05),3个月末共病组HAMA减分率显著低于抑郁组(P＜0.05),HAMD减分率两组差异无显著性.结论:抑郁与焦虑共病障碍发生率高,具有抑郁及焦虑症状重、社会功能损害重,焦虑症状不易缓解等特征.     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病临床特征的对照研究

为了探讨焦虑和抑郁障碍共病 (ＣＡＤ)的性质 ,我们对ＣＡＤ的临床特征做了系统研究。对象　为 1 999年 1 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1 1月在南京脑科医院住院患者 ,75例。入组标准 :符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第 4版 (ＤＳＭ ＩＶ)中主要抑郁症 (ｍａｊｏｒｄｅｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ,ＭＤ)、广泛性焦虑障碍 (ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｄａｎｘｉｅｔｙｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ,ＧＡＤ)和惊恐障碍(ｐａｎｉｃｄｉｓｏｒｄｅｒ ,ＰＤ)的诊断标准 ;性别不限 ;年龄 1 8～ 65岁 ;经检查血常规正常 ,心、肝、肾功能正常 ;无精神分裂症、酒精和药物依赖病史 ,无脑器…     

医源性老年期神经质性焦虑抑郁障碍76例报告

目的 探讨一类医源性老年期神经质性焦虑抑郁障碍的发病原因、临床特点及治疗方法.方法 对76例以头部不适为主诉、伴有明显情绪障碍的老年患者,进行艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)N量表24个项目及医学应对方式问卷(MCMQ)测评,给予为期4周的抗焦虑及心理治疗,在治疗开始前及用药1周末、2周末、4周末及6月末随访时分别进行Zung...     

小学生焦虑抑郁障碍共病调查

目的：探讨小学生焦虑抑郁障碍共病情况。方法：用儿童焦虑障碍筛查量表（SCRED）对县城2900名及农村1800名8～14岁小学生进行筛查,对筛查出的焦虑障碍儿童进行抑郁障碍诊断,对焦虑与抑郁障碍共病儿童实施相关量表及问卷测量。结果：儿童焦虑抑郁障碍共病率为12.7%,其中县城12.9%,农村12.3%,两地差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.011,P=0.915）。焦虑抑郁障碍共病儿童与仅有焦虑障碍儿童在焦虑量表及家庭功能评定量表上得分差异均无显著性（P均〉0.05）,抑郁量表分与焦虑量表的躯体焦虑、广泛焦虑及焦虑总分呈显著相关（P〈0.001）。结论：小学生焦虑与抑郁障碍共病率较高。     

抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍共病专家研讨会会议纪要

抑郁障碍和焦虑障碍共病 (以下简称抑郁焦虑共病 )是当前全球精神病学界关注的热点之一 ,也正在逐渐引起国内同道的重视。为此 ,中华医学会精神病学分会焦虑障碍研究协作组邀请部分专家 ,于 2 0 0 3年 3月 3日在哈尔滨市召开抑郁焦虑共病专题研讨会。讨论的议题集中于临床 ,如抑郁焦虑共病的流行病学、临床现象学和治疗学。现将本次会议的主要发言内容纪要于下。张明园教授 (上海第二医科大学 ) :首先就抑郁焦虑共病的概念 ,谈几点个人观点 :( 1)共病 (comorbidity)也被译为同病、合病或其他 ;目前国内多习惯称为共病 ,其含义是指两种疾病共…     

农村老年期痴呆和Alzheimer病流行病学调查报告

目的：了解农村老年期痴呆和Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ流行病学情况。方法;采用两阶段调查法对四川省新津县农村三个乡,共６０个自然村５９８７名６５岁以上老人进行老年期痴呆及Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病流行学调查。结果;发现老年期痴呆患病率为１．７４％,Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）的患病率为１．４％,血管性痴呆为０．１８％,混合性痴呆０．０５％,其他痴呆０．０７％。痴呆患病率以女性为高,并随年龄的增长而急剧升高,不同文     

Depression in dementia: a comparative and validation study of four brief scales in the elderly Chinese

AIM: The study aimed to determine: (i) the diagnostic accuracy of four brief depression scales, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Even Briefer Assessment Scale for Depression (EBAS DEP), Single Question and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (Cornell) in an elderly Chinese population with varying dementia severity; and (ii) which scale had the best diagnostic performance. METHOD: All four scales were administered to 88 elderly outpatients with dementia: 66 without and 22 with depression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to establish the optimal cut-off scores of the GDS, EBAS DEP and Cornell scales. The patients' dementia-severity was dichotomously categorized into mild and moderate-severe dementia, and the above analysis was repeated in both these groups to look at changes in the scales' diagnostic performance as dementia advances. RESULTS: The best diagnostic scale for detecting depression in dementia was the Cornell scale. Its optimal cut-off score was 6/7 (sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 80.0%) in the mild dementia group and 12/13 (sensitivity 70.0%, specificity 87.0%) in the more advanced dementia group. The optimal cut-off scores of the GDS and EBAS DEP also shifted to higher values when moving from the mild to the more advanced dementia groups, indicating the increasing difficulty on all these scales to detect depression with worsening cognitive impairment. The Single Question, however, was more robust with much less changes in its diagnostic parameters in both dementia cohorts: sensitivity 58.3%, specificity 90.0% for mild dementia, and 60.0 and 84.8%, respectively, for more advanced dementia. CONCLUSION: An efficient strategy to diagnose depression in dementia amongst elderly Chinese patients is to administer the Single Question followed by, when necessary, the Cornell scale.     

The association between depression, anxiety, and cognitive function in the elderly general population--the Hordaland Health Study

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between depression and/or anxiety and cognitive function in the elderly general population. SUBJECTS: Non-demented participants from the general population (n = 1,930) aged 72-74 years. METHODS: Symptoms and caseness of depression and anxiety disorder were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Cognitive function was assessed by the Digit Symbol Test (modified version), the Kendrick Object Learning Test, and the 'S'-task from the Controlled Oral Word Association Test. RESULTS: There was a significant association between depression and reduced cognitive function. The inverse association between anxiety and reduced cognitive performance was explained by adjustment for co-morbid depression. The inverse association between depressive symptoms and cognitive function was found to be close to linear, and was also present in the sub-clinical symptom range. Males were more affected cognitively by depressive symptoms than females. CONCLUSION: The inverse association between depression and cognitive function is not only a finding restricted to severely ill patient samples, but it can also be found in the elderly general population.     

Cognitive behavioural therapy can be effective in treating anxiety and depression in persons with dementia: a systematic review

Dementia is a neurocognitive disorder that affects a person's abilities in daily functioning. Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among persons with dementia. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been tested to manage their depression and anxiety symptoms. However, the purpose of CBT in managing these symptoms is unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify whether CBT can be used to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in persons with dementia. The electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were used to locate relevant studies. Eleven studies, which involved a total of 116 older adults, were identified. The findings suggest that CBT can be effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. Based on our current review, the findings from previous studies form a promising foundation on which to conduct a major randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size. This review discusses some of the most important considerations in applying CBT to persons with dementia, and these may be beneficial for future studies that explore this area and seek more conclusive evidence on the use of CBT.     

帕金森病伴抑郁和焦虑共病的研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者伴抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率及其相关因素。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对480名PD患者和105名正常对照者进行评分,采用统一PD评定量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期评定PD患者的运动症状,采用PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)和蒙特利尔认知测验(MOCA)评定PD患者的NMS。结果 PD组中抑郁的发生率(19.4%)明显高于正常对照组(5.7%),焦虑的发生率(30.4%)明显高于正常对照组(14.3%),抑郁和焦虑共病的发生率(15.8%)也明显高于正常对照组(5.7%)(均P<0.01)。多元Logistc回归分析显示,抑郁的发生与NMSQ评分呈正相关(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.07~1.37);焦虑的发生与女性(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.04~3.50)、H-Y分期(OR=2.87,95%CI:1.23~6.70)、UPDRSⅢ评分(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.00~1.06)及NMSQ评分(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.10~1.26)呈正相关,而与PD...