中药逆转白血病多药耐药的研究

多药耐药是白血病化疗失败的主要原因,如何逆转是一重要课题,本文从多药耐药的机制出发,阐述了中药逆转白血病多药耐药的研究现状及进展.     

99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈显像在白血病中的应用价值

白血病是一类造血干细胞克隆性恶性疾病,99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99Tcm-MIBI),作为一种肿瘤阳性显像剂,是诊断白血病的一种重要检查手段,特别是在探测白血病微小病灶、监测诱导化疗后的复发和检测白血病多药耐药性方面有重要作用.99Tcm-MIBI显像作为一种无创伤性的全身骨髓检查方法,对白血病的临床诊断有重要价值.     

多药耐药基因的检测在急性白血病中的诊疗价值

白血药化疗失败的主要原因是肿瘤细胞对化疗物产生的多药耐药性，这种耐药性主要是由于多药耐药基因的过度表达所致。目前的研究结果表明，ＭＤＲ１基因的表达对临床白血病的治疗疗效有明显的相关性。本文通过对近年来国内外发表的ＭＤＲ１基因表达在临床方面有代表性的论文进行总结，以便进一步探讨ＭＤＲ１表达的检测对急性白血病患者疗效及预后判定的价值。另外，本文还对目前ＭＤＲ１逆围剂研究究及临床应用现代进行了综述，并提     

核苷类药物治疗白血病的作用机理与临床应用

目的 介绍核苷类药物在治疗白血病中的应用，为我国核苷类药物研究提供参考。方法查阅国内外有关论、综述，进行分析总结。结果与结论 在白血病治疗中，核苷类药物得到一定程度的应用，有些品种疗效优于首选药物，以核苷类药物为主联合用药治疗白血病，疗效较好，是值得注意的一类化疗药物。     

急性白血病化疗常见毒副反应的护理

急性白血病是血液系疾病中最常见的恶性肿瘤,其主要治疗手段是联合化疗。通过化疗可提高急性白血病缓解率,延长生存期,乃至治愈急性白血病。但化疗药物又可引起严重的胃肠道症状,骨髓抑制,肝脏、肾脏的损伤及感染等副反应,采取必要的措施预防或减轻毒性反应,避免并发症,能更安全,更有效地为患者服务,确保化疗的正常进行。护理工作的重要内容是:保持患者良好的心理状态,营养状况,熟悉患者的治疗方案,了解各种化疗药物的原理及毒副作用,预防和减轻各种不良反应,保证化疗顺利进行。     

高压氧辅助治疗急性白血病的研究进展

急性白血病是血液系统恶性肿瘤的一种,与实体瘤最大的区别是病灶不局限,目前的治疗方法以化疗和造血干细胞移植为主,取得移植机会和有能力进行移植的患者仍是少数,大多数患者的治疗仍以化学药物治疗为主.但是由于病灶不局限、白血病细胞耐药及微小残留、昂贵的治疗费等原因,使得急性白血病的治疗仍是困扰人们的一大难题.高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)作为一种安全廉价的治疗方法,已在临床各个学科中广泛开展,但在血液系统的应用仍较少,近年来有学者开始探讨HBO辅助治疗急性白血病,取得了一定的研究成果,现综述如下.     

肝脏恶性肿瘤区域化疗研究进展

肝脏区域化疗即在肝脏局部灌注化疗药物,是晚期肝癌首选的治疗方法.肝动脉灌注及肝脏隔离灌注是肝脏区域化疗的主要方式,各有其优势及局限性,在实验及临床研究中仍在发展改进.肝脏区域化疗灌注途径选择及药物应用方面的认识在不断深化.高温低氧灌注及生物化学治疗在肝脏区域化疗中的应用更是拓展了肝癌化疗的思路,将其带入了一个新境界.肝癌细胞耐药性是肝脏区域化疗面临的挑战及研究的热点,解决这一难题是提高化疗疗效的关键.     

急性白血病与肿瘤细胞多药耐药研究现状

急性白血病与肿瘤细胞多药耐药研究现状第四军医大学全军基因诊断技术研究所许昌泰综述许平①审校（西安７１００３２）关键词白血病急性多药耐药１前言急性白血病化疗失败之重要原因是细胞多药耐药（Ｍｕｌｔｉｄｒｕｇｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ＭＤＲ）的产生。ＭＤＲ是指...     

^99Tc^m-氧基异丁基异腈显像在白血病中的应用价值

白血病是一类造血干细胞克隆性恶性疾病，^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（^99Tc^m-MIBI），作为一种肿瘤阳性显像剂，是诊断白血病的一种重要检查手段，特别是在探测白血病微小病灶、监测诱导化疗后的复发和检测白血病多药耐药性方面有重要作用。^99Tc^m-MIBI显像作为一种无创伤性的全身骨髓检查方法，对白血病的临床诊断有重要价值。     

动脉灌注化疗的药物选择原则

动脉灌注化疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的一种有效的方法,在选择灌注化疗药物时应考虑以下用药原则。①选择肿瘤敏感型药物。②不同抗癌机制药物相配伍。③选择药物配伍的种类和药物之间的相互作用。④浓度依赖型药物为首选。⑤抗癌药物配伍应注意不良反应。⑥灌注的药物对癌细胞的杀伤作用是以原型起作用的。⑦注意给药的顺序和疗程间隔。⑧注意给药个体化 由于患者的机体状况不同、肿瘤的不均一性,个别对待是临床治疗的基本原则之一。⑨注意结合化疗药的药代谢动力学特点。⑩还应熟悉常用药物和常见肿瘤的化疗方案。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.