分体式髌骨爪联合空心螺钉内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的疗效观察

目的分析分体式髌骨爪联合空心螺钉内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法髌骨粉碎性骨折病人29例,均采用分体式髌骨爪联合空心螺钉内固定治疗,并分析骨折愈合、并发症、关节功能等指标。结果 29例病人均获得6～17个月的随访,平均10个月;按照改良Bostman髌骨骨折临床疗效标准评估疗效:优21例,良7例,差1例,优良率96. 9%;所有病人均骨折骨性愈合,均未出现内固定物松脱、断裂、异物排斥反应等并发症。结论分体式髌骨爪联合空心螺钉内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折符合生物力学内固定原则,可将骨折解剖复位并恢复髌骨关节面的平整,手术操作简单、固定牢固、并发症少。     

2种不同内固定方法治疗髌骨骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨带孔髌骨针结合钛缆系统和分体式髌骨爪内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2007-07—2013-06应用2种内固定方法手术治疗髌骨骨折68例,其中40例采用带孔髌骨针结合钛缆治疗(A组),28例采用分体式髌骨爪治疗(B组),从手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、膝关节功能评分方面对2种内固定方法的临床治疗效果进行观察,膝关节功能采用Lysholm膝关节评分系统评定。结果对于髌骨粉碎性骨折的治疗,B组在手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间均优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对于髌骨横形骨折的治疗,2组在手术时间、术中出血量方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而在骨折愈合方面A组优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论2种内固定方法都是治疗髌骨骨折的有效手段,而带孔髌骨针结合钛缆系统治疗髌骨横形骨折疗效更可靠,分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折疗效更显著。     

分体式髌骨爪结合丝线内固定治疗髌骨骨折临床疗效观察

目的观察分体式髌骨爪结合丝线内固定治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法对36例髌骨骨折患者采用分体式髌骨爪结合丝线内固定治疗,观察治疗效果。结果本组患者均顺利完成手术,切口Ⅰ期愈合。术后均获12个月随访。未发生感染、内固定物松脱、断裂及骨折不愈合等并发症,依据膝关节疗效评定:优良率94.44%(34/36)。结论分体式髌骨爪结合丝线内固定治疗髌骨骨折固定牢靠,术后功能恢复良好,值得临床应用。     

双环10号线环扎并分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎骨折

目的:观察双环10号线环扎并分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2004年6月至2011年6月,采用双环10号线环扎并分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎骨折86例,其中男48例,女38例;年龄19～75岁,平均42.5岁;左侧52例,右侧34例。86例患者均为粉碎性骨折,3个骨折块者25例,4个骨折块者32例,4个以上骨折块者29例。手术时间40～70 min。所有病例术后根据B觟stman等髌骨骨折疗效评价标准进行评分。结果:86例全部得到随访,时间3个月～6年,平均3.5年。B觟stman评分总平均分(27.65±2.05)分,优78例,良8例。结论:双环10号线环扎并分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎骨折具有手术简单、复位良好、固定稳定的优点,可早期进行锻炼,关节功能恢复满意。     

丝线荷包缝合结合分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折

目的探讨丝线荷包缝合结合分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对76例髌骨粉碎性骨折采用丝线荷包缝合结合分体式髌骨爪治疗。结果 70例获12~36个月随访,平均20个月。骨折愈合时间12~36个月,无内固定松动及二次骨折。疗效按Lysholm评分标准:优49例,良16例,可5例,优良率92.9%。结论丝线荷包缝合结合分体式髌骨爪治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折可以起到良好的复位和固定作用。该方法手术时间短、并发症少,治疗效果满意。     

可调节式髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折

目的探讨可调节式髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折的疗效。方法自2006年2月至2010年12月应用可调节式髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折86例,新鲜骨折84例,陈旧性骨折2例。男65例,女21例;年龄24～83岁,平均53.8岁。按骨折形状分型,横形骨折22例,髌骨粉碎性骨折51例,髌骨上极骨折5例,髌骨下极骨折8例。手术方法：横型骨折仅用髌骨爪固定,对上极、下极、粉碎性骨折用髌骨爪加用环扎钢丝固定。结果术后86例均获得随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均18个月,骨折愈合时间8～16周,平均10周。78例术后取出内固定,时间为术后6～24个月,8例因术后无不适或年龄大未取内固定。按Lysholm和Gi11guist膝关节评分标准评定,优76例,良7例,可3例,优良率96.5%。结论依据髌骨骨折类型合理选择坚强固定,早期功能锻炼,可取得满意疗效,应用可调节髌骨爪治疗髌骨骨折为目前可供选择的理想方法。     

记忆合金髌骨爪在粉碎性髌骨骨折中的应用(附21例报告)

目的 :总结记忆合金髌骨爪治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折的体会。方法 :膝前横弧形切口 ,充分显露髌骨上、下极 ,清理关节腔 ,手指深入 ,协助整复 ,双半荷包缝合 ,初步固定并恢复外形 ,髌骨爪固定骨折 ,术后早期功能锻炼。结果 :治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折 2 1例 ,骨折全部于 6～ 8周愈合 ,膝关节功能恢复良好。结论 :记忆合金髌骨爪治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折 ,具有操作简便、固定效果确切、愈合快、功能恢复良好之特点 ,尤其适用于粉碎性髌骨骨折。     

膝前正中直切口髌骨爪联合髌囊环扎治疗髌骨骨折

目的探讨膝前正中直切口髌骨爪联合髌囊环扎治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折及其疗效。方法采用膝前正中直切口髌骨爪联合髌囊环扎治疗髌骨骨折186例。结果 163例获得随访8～20个月,平均16个月,骨折均愈合。根据Bostman评分,优良率94.5%。结论膝前正中直切口髌骨爪联合髌囊环扎治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折具有损伤小、暴露充分、固定可靠,是治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的一种有效方法。     

髌骨环置入内固定治疗37例38侧髌骨骨折初步随访报告

[目的]评价采用髌骨环置入内固定治疗髌骨骨折的效果.[方法]37例(38侧)髌骨骨折(其中横断骨折18例、粉碎性骨折20例),均作骨折切开复位髌骨环置入内固定.术后早期被动及主动康复训练.[结果]37例患者中,35例36侧获得随访,随访时间为6～24个月,平均13个月.患者膝关节功能根据Bostman~([1])髌骨骨折疗效临床评分标准:优32侧,良4侧,一般2侧,差0侧;优良率94.4%.[结论]髌骨环置入内固定治疗髌骨骨折,固定可靠安全,疗效满意.     

经皮空心钉钛丝张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折疗效分析

目的观察经皮空心钉钛丝张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折的手术疗效。方法对40例髌骨骨折分别采用空心钉钛丝张力带(26例横形、纵形骨折)、克氏针钢丝张力带(6例严重粉碎性骨折)、髌骨爪(8例一般粉碎性骨折)固定治疗。结果40例术后均获随访6个月~4年。26例空心钉钛丝张力带固定者骨折平均愈合时间2.5个月,术后膝关节功能按陆裕朴等提出的标准评定:优20例,良5例,可1例,优良率96.2%;6例克氏针钢丝张力带固定者骨折平均愈合时间6.0个月,术后膝关节功能:优3例,良2例,可1例,优良率83.3%;8例髌骨爪固定者骨折平均愈合时间5.4个月,术后膝关节功能:优6例,良1例,可1例,优良率87.5%。结论经皮空心钉钛丝张力带内固定治疗髌骨骨折是一种有效的方法,创伤小、功能恢复快,尤其适用于横形、纵形髌骨骨折。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.