DRFS系统+BAK手术治疗腰椎滑脱

目的:观察撑开复位固定系统(Distraction Reduction Fixation System,DRFS)+椎体融合器(Bagby and Kuslich,BAK)治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法:1999年7月～2002年6月,18例腰椎滑脱患者进行减压、DRFS系统内固定和BAK椎间融合。按Meyerdin分类Ⅰ度14例,Ⅱ度4例;滑脱椎体L_410例,L_58例。结果:随访10～24个月,18例均完全复位,椎间融合率100％,优良率94.4％。结论:DRFS系统和BAK在治疗腰椎滑脱中具有协同作用,增强了脊椎固定后稳定性,提高了椎体融合率,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的理想方法。     

DRFS系统+BAK手术治疗腰椎滑脱

目的：观察撑开复位固定系统(Distraction Reduction Fixation System，DRFS) 椎体融合器(Bagby and Kuslich，BAK)治疗腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法：1999年7月～2002年6月，18例腰椎滑脱患者进，行减压、DRFS系统内固定和BAK椎间融合。按Meyerdin分类Ⅰ度14例，Ⅱ度4例；滑脱椎体L4 10例，L5 8例。结果：随访10～24个月，18例均完全复位，椎间融合率100％，优良率94．4％。结论：DRFS系统和BAK在治疗腰椎滑脱中具有协同作用，增强了脊椎固定后稳定性，提高了椎体融合率，是治疗腰椎滑脱症的理想方法。     

椎弓根钉加Cage融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症

2005年1月～2011年3月,我们采用椎板减压复位经椎弓根内固定并椎体间融合治疗20例腰椎滑脱症患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组20例,男15例,女5例,年龄30～69岁。病变部位:L4～5滑脱16例,L5～S1滑脱4例。滑脱程度按Meyerding法[1]分级:Ⅰ度6例,Ⅱ度10例,Ⅲ度4例。患者术前均经非手术     

DRFS椎弓根螺钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的：探讨腰椎整复减压和DRFS固定及植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法：自1998年2月～2002年2月，22例经保守治疗无效的腰椎滑脱患者接受上述方法手术治疗，Ⅰ度滑脱8例，Ⅱ度滑脱12例，Ⅲ度滑脱2例；L4／5 5例，L5／S1 17例。比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱程度。结果：术后平均随访6个月(3～12个月)，20例(90．9％)滑脱完全复位，其余2例滑脱明显改善。17例腰腿痛症状全部消失，4例腰腿痛症状大部分消失，1例腰腿痛症状较前有所减轻。结论：应用DRFS内固定复位效果良好，临床效果满意。     

腰椎滑脱的斜外侧椎间融合术入路影像解剖学评估

目的 评估腰椎滑脱的斜外侧椎间融合术(OLIF)入路影像解剖学特点.方法 将40例门诊腰痛行腰椎MRI检查的患者按照是否存在腰椎滑脱分为腰椎滑脱组(均确诊为L4椎体Ⅰ～Ⅱ度退变性滑脱,20例)和非腰椎滑脱组(20例).在腰椎MRI的L4～5椎间隙中央层轴位T2加权像上辨识左侧腰大肌、左侧腹主动脉、左侧腰交感干、节段动脉...     

腰椎滑脱的减压、内固定与融合术

目的观察采用腰椎管减压、横突间植骨、Cage椎间融合器和SOCON内固定治疗腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄的早期疗效。方法从1997年12月～1999年12月,对38例腰椎滑脱患者采用腰椎管减压,横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术进行治疗。术前X线检查按Meyerding分度,Ⅰ度滑脱32例,Ⅱ度滑脱6例;L4,5滑脱29例,L5S1滑脱9例。结果术后平均随访18.2个月(14～26个月),比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱复位程度,38例患者中,31例症状完全消失,优良率为81.6%。32例Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位,4例Ⅱ度滑脱完全复位,2例Ⅱ度滑脱复位达90%,解剖复位率达94.7%。结论应用SOCON内固定治疗腰椎滑脱,效果良好,复位满意。     

TENOR系统治疗腰椎滑脱的近期疗效

目的 :观察TENOR椎弓根钉系统固定及插入型融合器或横突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱的近期疗效。方法 :从 2 0 0 0年 12月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月 ,对 3 1例腰椎滑脱患者采用腰椎管减压、插入型融合器或横突间植骨和TENOR内固定手术进行治疗。术前X线检查 :Ⅰ度滑脱 15例 ,Ⅱ度滑脱 15例 ,Ⅲ度滑脱 1例 ;L4滑脱 17例 ,L5滑脱 14例。结果 :术后平均随访 15 3个月 (12～ 2 2个月 ) ,比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱复位程度 ,3 1例患者中 ,2 7例症状完全消失 ,优良率 87 1% ,解剖复位率达 93 5 %。结论 :应用TENOR内固定治疗腰椎滑脱 ,效果良好 ,复位满意。     

腰椎Ⅱ度以上滑脱症的手术治疗

目的　探讨腰椎Ⅱ度以上滑脱早期合理的治疗方法。方法　从 1985年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 1月手术治疗腰椎Ⅱ度以上滑脱 4 0例。结果　随诊 6～ 72个月 ,平均 2 2个月。 4 0例中 34例症状完全消失 ,优良率 85 %。应用USS系统 10例 ,其中 7例Ⅱ度滑脱 ,3例Ⅲ度滑脱 ,全部解剖复位。结论　对腰椎Ⅱ度以上滑脱手术治疗 ,临床效果满意。应用USS系统复位满意     

腰椎滑脱症外科治疗策略选择

目的探讨不同类型腰椎滑脱症及合并症的手术治疗方式、疗效及优缺点。方法2000年2月～2004年4月应用后路椎弓根螺钉复位内固定后，分别采用后外侧植骨融合术、后路椎体间植骨融合术及前路椎体问植骨融合术治疗不同类型腰椎滑脱症及合并症的患者78例，比较术后及随访时疗效、滑脱椎体复位率、椎间隙高度恢复率、植骨融合率以及复位丢失率。结果术后28例Ⅰ度滑脱及37例Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱患者获得解剖复位．9例Ⅱ度滑脱及4例Ⅲ度腰椎滑脱患者矫正至Ⅰ度滑脱。随访时总体优良率为89．72％，42例椎体间植骨患者植骨融合良好，滑脱椎体复位无丢失，椎间隙高度维持良好；36例后外侧植骨者有12例复位丢失，2例椎弓根螺钉松动，2枚椎弓根螺钉断裂：结论对小于Ⅱ度退变性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄者宜选用后路椎弓根钉复位固定加后外侧植骨融合术；对峡部裂性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄者宜选用后路椎弓根钉固定加椎体间植骨融合术；对Ⅱ度以上峡部裂性单纯腰椎滑脱者以及腰椎滑脱翻修者宜选用后路椎弓根钉固定加前路椎体间植骨融合术。     

椎弓根螺钉系统加cage融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症疗效分析

目的分析椎弓根螺钉系统加cage融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法2003年2月～2006年3月,联合应用椎弓根螺钉系统加cage融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症患者37例。男21例,女16例;年龄39～69岁。滑脱部位：L33例,L423例,L511例。根据Meyerding滑脱程度分级标准,度滑脱12例,度滑脱20例,度滑脱5例。观察术前、术后2周及3个月随访时Taillard指数、Boxall指数、滑脱角、腰椎生理前凸角及椎间隙高度的变化情况。结果37例患者术后均获3～36个月随访。术前与术后2周Taillard指数、Boxall指数、腰椎生理前凸角、滑脱角及椎间隙高度比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;各指标术后3个月与术后2周比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。根据邹德威评分标准,优27例,良8例,可2例,优良率达94.6%。患者术后3～8个月植骨均融合,平均3.9个月。内固定材料无松动、断裂,cage融合器位置、形态正常。结论联合应用椎弓根螺钉系统和cage融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症可起到协同作用,能提供理想复位和坚强内固定,提高脊柱的融合率,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的一种较理想方法。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.