细支气管肺泡细胞癌文献复习

目的提高对细支气管肺泡癌临床表现及影像学多样性的认识。方法分析2012年7月收治的1例细支气管肺泡癌患者的临床资料及诊治经过,文献复习。结果因发热、咳嗽、咳痰1月,呼吸困难1周于2012-7-26住院。肺部可闻及velcro啰音,胸部CT为双肺散在分布的小结节,斑片模糊影,可见充气支气管征,血气分析为Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭,经甲强龙及无创呼吸机治疗,患者呼吸困难明显减轻,呼衰减轻。后经皮肺活检病理检查为肺泡细胞癌。EGFR基因检测外显子EXON 21突变。化疗效果欠佳,给予吉非替尼治疗,患者气短消失,肺部Velcro消失,肺部病变明显吸收。结论细支气管肺泡癌临床表现缺乏特异性,影像学呈多样性,极易误诊,应提高对本病的认识,可从痰病理学检查或经皮肺活检明确诊断。     

孤立结节型细支气管肺泡癌17例临床分析

目的探讨孤立结节型细支气管肺泡癌的临床特点及治疗效果。方法 17例孤立结节型细支气管肺泡癌患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果首次就诊仅3例患者确诊,17例均经手术治疗,病理组织学检查证实为细支气管肺泡癌,Ⅰ期患者11例,随访1年生存率为100%。结论孤立结节型细支气管肺泡癌临床症状及影像学表现特异性不高,细胞学检查阳性率低,极易误诊。外科治疗效果好,对于此类患者早诊断、早治疗尤为重要。     

肺炎型肺癌的影像学特征及其病理学基础(附27例报告)

回顾性分析27例肺炎型肺癌患者的临床、病理及影像学检查资料。其影像学特点为单纯磨玻璃密度影,磨玻璃密度影与结节共存,单纯肺叶、肺段实变阴影,肺叶、肺段实变并空泡及蜂窝状阴影,混合阴影。磨玻璃密度影的病理学基础是癌细胞沿肺泡壁匍匐生长及其分泌的黏液在肺泡腔中部分充填。实变阴影的病理基础为癌细胞大部分或完全充填肺泡腔并沿肺泡孔及细支气管播散、蔓延;癌细胞分秘的黏液在气腔中完全充填;细小癌组织周围伴有出血及肺炎。空泡影的病理学基础是实变影内的充气支气管断面像。蜂窝影的病理学基础是癌细胞侵犯间质及癌组织纤维增生。认为肺炎型肺癌的影像学表现有一定特征性,在一定程度上可反映其病理学特点,可对肺炎型肺癌的诊断和治疗提供有价值的依据。     

肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌1例并文献复习

目的探讨肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌的临床特征及诊断。方法 1例肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌同时结合国内外文献复习。结果肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌,首发症状以咳嗽、咯血及进行性呼吸困难为多见,实变肺密度低、蜂窝肺征、血管造影征尤其是血管高密度征、枯树枝征及多发腺泡结节是其胸部CT的主要表现特点。结论肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌临床及影像学表现多样,易误诊误治,经支气管镜肺活检及支气管肺泡灌洗找脱落细胞是诊断肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌的可靠方法。     

细支气管肺泡癌182例临床病理分析

目的 探讨细支气管肺泡癌(BAC)的发病、病理改变、诊断及治疗。方法 收集我院胸外科自1978年1月至2001年12月手术治疗并经病理证实的细支气管肺泡癌182例进行回顾性分析。结果 本组病例占同期肺部肿瘤3．3％，细支气管肺泡癌无典型症状，纤支镜检查和痰脱落细胞学检查阳性率均低，临床症状、影像学征象与其它类型肺癌相似，难以在术前明确诊断。结论 X线影像分辨率的提高对本病的诊断及与其它肺部疾病的鉴别诊断有一定意义。细支气管肺泡癌的生物学特性可能更具恶性倾向，治疗上与Non-BAC腺癌可有所不同，病理分型诊断对治疗方案的选择有参考意义。     

肺泡癌

【定义及名称】大体检查及光学显微镜检基础上人们认为肺泡癌的诊断标准是:①他处无原发腺癌;②无可证实的中央型支气管发生源;③位于肺实质的边缘部分;④肺间质结构完好无损;⑤与其他肺肿瘤有不同的组织学表现以及具有恶性细胞沿着肺泡壁生长的特性。本肿瘤的名称有:肺腺瘤病、细支气管癌、肺泡细胞癌及其他。近来推荐的是细支气管肺泡癌。本文用肺泡癌这名称,强调他与组织学类型有关,但无组织发生学的涵意。【临床特点】整个肺癌中肺泡癌约占5％,文献报导在1.1～9.0％之间。已发表病例中男占58.5％,女41.3％。可切除的孤立病变更多     

肺大细胞癌伴支气管鳞状细胞乳头状癌且均有神经内分泌分化临床病理观察

目的探讨肺大细胞癌伴支气管鳞状细胞乳头状癌均有神经内分泌分化临床病理学特征、免疫表型特点及诊断要点。方法对1例疑为肺癌患者行左肺下叶手术切除的标本进行临床病理分析,免疫组化染色采用常规SP法。结果本例肺内肿物及支气管腔内肿物发生于同一肺叶不同位置。病理诊断左肺下叶重复性癌,分别为肺大细胞癌及支气管鳞状细胞乳头状癌,均伴有神经内分泌分化。结论本例患者发生重复性癌并均有神经内分泌分化罕见,重视支气管腔内病变的检视及免疫组化的标记有助于该重复性癌的诊断。     

支气管肺泡灌洗及灌洗液的细胞计数分类技术规范

支气管肺泡灌洗及灌洗液的细胞计数分类技术规范支气管肺泡灌洗（ＢＡＬ）检查是一项比较新的肺部疾病检查方法，主要应用于以下几方面：①肺部感染，特别是免疫受损、免疫缺陷肺部感染的病原学诊断；②肺癌和其他恶性肿瘤，特别是周围型肺癌肿瘤细胞诊断；③肺间质性疾病...     

细支气管肺泡细胞癌30例临床分析

细支气管肺泡细胞癌亦称肺泡癌 (ｂｒｏｎｃｈｉａｌｖｅｏｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏ ｍａ ,ＢＡＣ) ,发病率较低 ,临床表现与其它肺部疾病有诸多类似之处 ,易误诊和漏诊。现对我院 1992年～ 2 0 0 1年经病理学证实的 3 0例细支气管肺泡细胞癌进行回顾分析 ,并结合文献 ,对其临床、影像学、纤维支气管镜特点进行探讨。临床资料1.一般资料 :肺泡癌 3 0例 ,年龄 3 0～ 80岁 ,平均年龄 5 5 .8岁 ,男性 14例 ,女性 16例。合并其他疾病者 10例 ,主要有肺结核、慢性阻塞性肺病、高血压病、胆石症等。主要临床表现 :咳嗽 2 1例 ( 70 .0 %) ,痰中带血 11…     

经支气管镜肺活检联合肺泡灌洗对周围性肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨经支气管肺活检(TBLB)联合支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAL)的脱落细胞学检测对周围性肺癌的诊断价值。方法对65例肺部占位可疑肺癌患者分别行经支气管肺活检,获取标本满意后再行病灶部位的局部肺泡灌洗,将收集的灌洗液及肺活检标本分别送病理室行细胞或组织的病理学检查。病理结果进行整理、分析,将联合检测(TBLB+BAL)结果的阳性率分别同单独的TBLB或BAL进行比较。结果 65例肺部患者中,TBLB确诊肺癌共32例,BAL确诊肺癌41例,联合检测(TBLB+BAL)确诊肺癌共52例,其中TBLB及BAL均找到癌细胞者共27例,TBLB结果阴性而BAL结果阳性者共20例。联合组阳性率(85.2%)高于单独应用组(TBLB 49.2%,BAL 63.1%,P<0.05)。结论经支气管肺活检联合支气管肺泡灌洗较单纯的支气管肺活检或肺泡灌洗能明显提高肺癌的诊断率,值得临床推广。     

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

This review focuses on aspects of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) in which it differs importantly from other forms of non-small-cell lung cancer. BAC is a form of adenocarcinoma with unique clinical, radiological, and epidemiological features. With the notable exception of a lower likelihood of a positive positron-emission tomographic (PET) scan in BAC, staging, diagnosis, and treatment are largely the same as for other histological subtypes of lung cancer. However, additional treatment options exist that are equivalent, if not more effective, for many patients with BAC. The diagnosis of BAC should be reserved for those tumors meeting the 1999/2004 criteria set forth by the World Health Organization. Revised nomenclature proposed by an expert consensus panel may change how this disease is viewed. Additional clinical trials are needed on patients with BAC, employing strict definitions and enrollment criteria to allow the results to be applied to appropriate patient populations.     

自然生长十年的细支气管肺泡细胞癌一例并文献复习

目的 提高对细支气管肺泡细胞癌(BAC)临床及影像学特点的认识.方法 分析2009年7月收治的1例BAC患者的临床资料及诊治经过,并结合相关文献进行复习.截至2010年6月,以bronchioloalveolar carcinoma、ground glass opacity、high resolution computed tomography为检索词,在PubMed检索系统进行检索,在万方数据库以细支气管肺泡细胞癌、磨玻璃影为检索词进行检索.结果 患者男,76岁,常规体检时胸部CT示左肺上叶小片状高密度影,但无特殊临床表现.随访10年,至2009年复查胸部CT示左肺上叶病灶密度稍有增加.考虑恶性肿瘤不能除外,在全身麻醉下行左上肺叶切除术加纵隔淋巴结清扫术,术后病理报告:左上肺BAC.在PubMed检索系统检索到35篇文献.共报道664例磨玻璃影表现的BAC,其中4篇为综述,24篇为回顾性分析,7篇为个案报道;在万方数据库检索到1篇回顾性分析,报道24例以磨玻璃影为表现的BAC.结论 影像学表现为磨玻璃影的BAC,其临床表现缺乏特异性,仅胸部CT表现为小片状高密度影.对于此类患者应定期随访,如提示恶变的可能,应及时进行手术治疗.     

24例细支气管肺泡细胞癌外科治疗效果

目的总结细支气管肺泡细胞癌（BAC）的临床特点及外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2006年12月经手术治疗的24例BAC的临床资料，并随访其生存情况。结果本组男性11例（46％），女性13例（54％），平均年龄59．1（47～72）岁；其中孤立结节型13例，肺炎实变型7例和多发结节型4例。全组均手术切除。术后TNM分期：Ⅰ期8例（ⅠA期4例、ⅠB期4例），Ⅱ期4例（ⅡA期1例、ⅡB期3例），Ⅲ期11例（ⅢA期7例、ⅢB期4例），Ⅳ期1例。随访22例，平均随访时间42月（12月～90月）；10例死亡，死亡者术后中位生存期14月。结论BAC是一种特殊类型腺癌，呈女性多发趋势。早期BAC的手术治疗可以取得满意的长期生存，没有淋巴结转移的多发结节型BAC仍可采取手术治疗，肺炎实变型BAC手术治疗效果差。     

细支气管肺泡癌75例临床分析

目的 总结经病理证实的75例细支气管肺泡癌（BAC）的临床特征和诊断方法.方法 对我院2001年1月～2010年6月收治的75例BAC进行回顾性分析.结果 75例BAC患者男女比例为1∶1.34,平均年龄56.9岁,吸烟者占12％; CT检查58例表现为孤立结节型,8例为弥漫结节型,9例为炎症浸润型;26例患者行CT或超声引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,22例获得确诊,9例行支气管镜检查,仅1例确诊,52例为手术后组织活检确诊.结论 BAC的临床特征不同于其他类型肺癌,CT检查有助于BAC的诊断,而经皮肺穿刺活检则能提高BAC诊断的正确率.     

Occurrence of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma in two brothers: comparison of clinical features and immunohistochemical findings

It has been suggested that lung cancer sometimes aggregates in families. However, the familial occurrence of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) is extremely rare. We present a family in which two brothers had BAC. The clinical features and immunohistochemical findings of BAC in the two brothers were compared. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that both cases of BAC had very similar immunopathological features in epithelial marker expression. A review of the literature revealed that this is the third case of BACs in a single family.     

Breast Arterial Calcium: A Game Changer in Women’s Cardiovascular Health?

In 2018, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the leading cause of death among women, and current CVD prevention paradigms may not be sufficient in this group. In that context, it has recently been proposed that detection of calcification in breast arteries may help improve CVD risk screening and assessment in apparently healthy women. This review provides an overview of breast arterial anatomy; and the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and measurement of breast artery calcium (BAC); and discusses the features of the BAC-CVD link. The potential clinical applications that BAC may offer for CVD prevention in the context of current clinical practice guidelines and recommendations are also discussed. Finally, current gaps in evidence gaps are outlined, and future directions in the field are explored with a focus on the implementation of BAC mammography as a CVD risk-screening tool in routine clinical practice.     

Differentiating bronchioloalveolar carcinoma from adenocarcinoma

The recognition of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) as distinct from adenocarcinoma of the lung, is controversial. Using strict pathologic criteria, 43 consecutive patients with BAC were matched by year of diagnosis and compared with a similar number of patients with adenocarcinoma, and for contrast, with those with squamous and oat cell carcinoma of the lung. We demonstrated that BAC is not sex related, and is not as smoking related as the other neoplasms. Unlike epidermoid carcinoma, BAC does not show a predilection for those occupations requiring manual labor. Also, BAC is frequently distinguishable radiologically from the other three by being smaller and peripheral. A pleural tag and an air bronchogram in a mass are rather specific, and BAC is less likely to have large airway involvement and adenopathy. The percentage of patients who were free of tumor after 2 yr was greater in the BAC group than in the others, but the overall survival rate between the BAC group and the adenocarcinoma group was not. Based on inter-observer variability, there is some overlap pathologically between these 2 groups. However, when the overlap between the adenocarcinoma and the BAC groups is compared with that between the adenocarcinoma and the squamous cell carcinoma groups, the difference is not significant. We conclude that BAC should be considered a distinct clinical entity.     

肺炎型细支气管肺泡癌6例临床分析

目的提高对肺炎型细支气管肺泡细胞癌(bronchioloalveolar carcinoma,BAC)的临床及影像学特点的认识。方法对2006年1月至2011年7月在巢湖市第一人民医院确诊的6例肺炎型BAC患者的临床症状、影像学特点、误诊情况等资料进行分析。结果 6例BAC患者男女各3例,年龄为47～78岁。6例中5例以咳嗽、咳痰为首发表现,其中咳大量泡沫痰2例,合并咯血1例,合并胸闷、呼吸困难2例。影像学检查主要表现为肺部实变及磨玻璃样影,位于周边部。2例经手术后标本病理确诊,4例经皮肺穿刺活检病理确诊。结论肺炎型BAC易误诊,咳嗽、咳痰为其主要症状,影像学检查以肺部实变影为主。经皮肺穿刺活检对肺炎型BAC诊断帮助较大。     

Breast Arterial Calcification: a New Marker of Cardiovascular Risk?

Mammographically-detected breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are considered to be an incidental finding without clinical importance since they are not associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The goal of this article is to review existing evidence that the presence of BAC on mammography correlates with several (but not all) traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and with prevalent and incident CVD. Thus, BAC detected during routine mammography is a noteworthy finding that could be valuable in identifying asymptomatic women at increased future CVD risk that may be candidates for more aggressive management. In addition, there are notable differences in measures of subclinical atherosclerosis burden in women (ie, coronary artery calcification) by race/ethnic background, and the same appears to be true for BAC, although data are very limited. Another noteworthy limitation of prior research on BAC is the reliance on absence vs presence of BAC; no study to date has determined gradation of BAC. Further research is thus required to elucidate the role of BAC gradation in the prediction of CVD outcomes and to determine whether adding BAC gradation to prediction models based on traditional risk factors improves classification of CVD risk.     

Cystic bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinomas (BACs), a subset of primary lung adenocarcinomas, are uncommon. Similar to other non-small cell lung cancers, patients with BAC are usually 40-70 years of age. Distinguishing features relative to other non-small cell lung cancers include occurrence in young patients, a higher relative predominance in women, and weaker association with smoking. Histologically, they are a diverse group of malignancies that grow in a lepidic manner. Common radiologic presentations of BAC include a solitary nodule, airspace disease, and multiple nodules. Rare manifestations include cystic and cavitary disease. We report a case of a young woman with BAC that manifested as a chronic cough and bilateral air-containing opacities, initially misinterpreted as infection. Knowledge of the spectrum of radiologic manifestations of BAC and correlation with clinical history are important in suggesting the diagnosis and preventing misinterpretation.