可控加压骑缝钉联合自攻空心加压螺纹钉治疗跖跗关节损伤

目的 初步探讨可控加压骑缝钉联合钛合金自攻空心加压螺纹钉治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效. 方法回顾性研究2006年3月至2007年12月应用可控加压骑缝钉联合钛合金自攻空心加压螺纹钉治疗跖跗关节损伤14例,其中单纯关节脱位4例,关节脱位伴骨折10例.按Myerson分类:A型2例,B型8例(B1型1例,B2型7例),C型4例;单纯内侧柱损伤2例,单纯中间柱损伤3例,内侧柱伴中间柱损伤2例,中间柱伴外侧柱损伤5例,三柱均损伤2例,2例患者同时伴有骰骨骨折.结果 所有切口均一期愈合,所有患者4周拆除石膏开始功能锻炼,术后12～16周拆除内固定后开始部分负重行走,拆除内固定物后22周开始完全负重行走.所有患者术后获得平均8.7个月(4～14个月)随访,根据美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)评分平均为83.7分(75～91分). 结论可控加压骑缝钉联合自攻空心加压螺纹钉能灵活有效治疗跖跗关节复合体损伤,短期的临床随访获得令人满意的效果.     

第1跖跗关节骨折脱位不同内固定方式对前足足底压力变化的影响

目的 :测量第1跖跗关节骨折脱位3种内固定对前足足底压力的变化,为选择内固定提供实验参考。方法:取8具新鲜足标本,制成第1跖跗关节骨折脱位模型,依次进行3.5 mm全螺纹皮质骨螺钉,1/4管形钢板及加压骑缝钉固定。经加载600 N后,通过F-scan足底压力分析系统,测量前足足底压力的变化。结果:第1跖跗关节骨折脱位后,第1跖骨头下的峰值压力将减小,而第2跖骨头下的峰值压力将增大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对第1跖跗关节分别采用螺钉、钢板进行固定后,第1、2跖骨头下的峰值压力都将趋于正常状态,而进行骑缝钉固定后,虽然第1、2跖骨头下的峰值压力都有所恢复,但仍与正常状态比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :当第1跖跗关节骨折脱位后,邻近跖骨头可能存在着"负荷转移"的调节机制以代偿部分足底压力;当第1跖跗关节骨折脱位采用螺钉和钢板内固定治疗后,前足足底压力都可恢复至正常状态,而若采用骑缝钉固定,则前足足底压力仍难以恢复至正常状态。     

切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤

[目的]探讨切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效.[方法]回顾性分析2007年9月～2010年10月间治疗的67例跖跗关节损伤患者,其中35例损伤患者采用切开复位双重加压螺钉或结合克氏针固定治疗,32例患者采用空心钉或结合克氏针固定治疗.男53例,女14例,年龄18 ～60岁,平均32岁.根据Myerson分型:A型15例,B型36例,C型16例.根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)中足评分标准评价比较两种方法的治疗效果.[结果]所有患者均获得随访,平均随访18个月(12～30个月).双重加压螺钉治疗组术后平均AO-FAS中足评分81.7分(56 ～98分),术后未发生感染、创伤性关节炎、螺钉断裂等并发症;空心钉治疗组术后平均AOFAS中足评分78.6分(45 ～96分),2例发生伤口感染,2例未获得解剖复位,二期行关节融合术.两种治疗方法AOFAS评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.056,P＞0.05).[结论]切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤与空心螺钉治疗效果相似,由于双重加压螺钉能更好达到解剖复位和坚强固定,切开复位双重加压螺钉固定治疗跖跗关节损伤是一种疗效满意的方法.     

微型钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤21例

目的探讨切开复位微型钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法应用国产钛合金微型钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤21例。结果切口均一期愈合,有2例切口边缘部分坏死,经换药后痊愈。患者均获随访,时间9～16（12.2&#177;3.6）个月。术后9～16个月拆除内固定。根据美国足踝外科协会AOFAS评分为73～95（86.5&#177;9.8）分,优10例,良9例,中2例。结论切开复位微型钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤,可达到坚强稳定跖跗关节的效果,可以早期活动踝部诸关节,达到较理想的临床疗效。     

跨关节钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤

目的 探讨跨关节钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤的手术治疗方法和临床疗效. 方法 自2009年5月至2011年5月共收治31例跖骨基粉碎性跖跗关节损伤患者,男19例,女12例;年龄24 ～ 70岁,平均46.2岁;均为闭合性损伤,其中8例损伤累及跖跗关节复合体,2例合并骰骨压缩性骨折.所有患者待软组织条件改善后,择期行切开复位跨关节钢板内固定术.术后采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)中足评分、简明健康调查量表(SF-36)评分和视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价治疗效果,并记录相关并发症. 结果 25例患者术后获12 ～36个月(平均24个月)随访,随访期间未见伤口感染、皮瓣坏死等软组织并发症.X线片示术后平均12周(10～15周)骨性愈合.末次随访时AOFAS中足评分为45 ～ 95分(平均78.0分),SF-36评分为45 ～96分(平均79.2分),VAS评分为0～8分(平均1.7分).1例跖跗关节复合体损伤患者术后9个月复查时发现螺钉断裂,但无不适主诉,予以取出内固定;2例跖跗关节复合体损伤患者分别于术后14、20个月发生创伤性关节炎,均予行跖跗关节融合术.结论 跨关节钢板内固定治疗跖跗关节损伤技术简单,可避免关节面软骨的再损伤,是治疗跖跗关节损伤安全、有效的方法.     

跖跗关节损伤治疗方法的疗效分析

目的探讨不同方式治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法对35例单足跖跗关节损伤患者根据骨折分型应用石膏固定2例,闭合复位经皮内固定12例,开放复位内固定20例,二期关节融合术1例。结果 35例均获随访,时间3～9(5±2)个月。克氏针松动8例,螺钉断钉2例,创伤后关节炎8例。临床评估依据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)中足评分标准:优12例,良17例,可5例,差1例。结论解剖复位、牢靠固定是治疗跖跗关节损伤的基本原则。中间柱复位并沿Lisfranc韧带方向固定内侧楔骨和第2跖骨基底部是重建跖跗关节复合体稳定性的关键,依据跖跗关节的"三柱"原理选择固定方式,可获得满意疗效。     

不同方法治疗跖跗关节损伤疗效分析

目的探讨不同方法治疗跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法分别采用石膏固定、闭合复位经皮内固定、开放复位内固定和二期关节融合术治疗35例跖附关节损伤患者。结果患者均获随访,时间12～36(22±1.5)周,骨折愈合时间16～28(18±2)周。术后12周33例患者能穿平常鞋子在各种地面上行走,步态基本正常。按AOFAS评分:优11例,良18例,可5例,差1例。结论解剖复位、牢靠固定是治疗跖跗关节损伤的基本原则。重建跖跗关节复合体是稳定的关键,并且需要重视对跖跗关节的整体化治疗。     

切开复位内固定治疗隐匿性跖跗关节损伤

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗隐匿性跖跗关节损伤的临床疗效。方法 2002年7月-2009年7月,收治47例隐匿性跖跗关节损伤患者。男31例,女16例;年龄19～66岁,平均35.6岁。交通事故伤27例,高处坠落伤11例,运动伤6例,压砸伤3例。左足18例,右足29例。单纯内侧柱损伤6例,内侧柱伴中间柱损伤24例,中间柱伴外侧柱损伤13例,三柱损伤4例。患者均存在跖骨基底部骨折。受伤至手术时间为4～21 d,平均8.6 d。手术采用1～2个足背侧纵形切口,复位后用小钢板、螺钉、骑缝钉、克氏针固定内侧柱及中间柱,外侧柱均用克氏针固定。结果 1例术后切口感染,经封闭式负压引流2周后采用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣移位修复创面;其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后32例获随访,随访时间12～75个月,平均28.3个月。骨折于术后9～15周愈合,平均12.3周。末次随访时,15例出现中足骨关节炎表现,但无需行关节融合术。采用美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)的中足评分标准评价疗效,获优9例,良16例,一般4例,差3例,优良率为78.1%。随访期间均未出现跖跗关节再脱位。结论对跖骨基底部骨折应给予足够重视,术中探查有助于发现隐匿性跖跗关节损伤,应根据不同损伤类型及伴发损伤,采用合理的固定方式,尽量做到解剖复位、可靠固定,重建中足内在稳定是获得满意疗效的关键。     

空心加压螺钉联合克氏针治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位

目的探讨切开复位空心加压螺钉联合克氏针内固定治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位的疗效。方法 35例跖跗关节骨折脱位的患者采用切开复位空心加压螺钉联合克氏针内固定治疗,术后复查X线片评估复位情况,应用美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）中足评分标准对患足术后功能进行评定。结果骨折脱位均解剖复位。术后伤口感染3例。35例均获随访,时间6～34个月。功能评定：优14例,良15例,可4例,差2例。发生创伤性关节炎6例,3例药物治疗后症状缓解,3例行跖楔关节融合术。结论切开复位空心加压螺钉联合克氏针内固定治疗跖跗关节骨折脱位能够达到解剖复位及坚强固定,效果满意。     

外固定架在跗跖关节损伤复位与固定中的应用

目的探讨外固定架在跗跖关节损伤复位与固定中应用的效果。方法外固定架复位固定治疗跗跖关节损伤31例。用外固定架固定针帮助复位,并以外固定架的加压作用纠正残余分离移位。结果获解剖复位27例,功能复位4例。经4~23个月随访,无一例发生再移位,骨折全部骨性愈合。结论应用外固定架进行复位固定是治疗跗跖关节损伤的较好选择。     

Evaluation of biomechanical properties of anterior atlantoaxial transarticular locking plate system using three-dimensional finite element analysis

Purpose

To evaluate a new anterior atlantoaxial transarticular locking plate system using finite element analysis.

Methods

Thin-section spiral computed tomography was performed from occiput to C₂ region. A finite element model of an unstable atlantoaxial joint, treated with an anterior atlantoaxial transarticular locking plate system, was compared with the simple anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw system. Flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were imposed on the model. Displacement of the atlantoaxial transarticular screw and stress at the screw–bone interface were observed for the two internal fixation systems.

Results

Screw displacement was less using the anterior atlantoaxial transarticular locking plate system compared to simple anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation under various conditions, and stability increased especially during flexion and extension.

Conclusions

The anterior atlantoaxial transarticular locking plate system not only provided stronger fixation, but also decreased screw-bearing stress and screw–bone interface stress compared to simple anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation.     

Biomechanical comparison of fixation stability using a Lisfranc plate versus transarticular screws

Background

To obtain adequate fixation in treating Lisfranc soft tissue injuries, the joint is commonly stabilized using multiple transarticular screws; however iatrogenic injury is a concern. Alternatively, two parallel, longitudinally placed plates, can be used to stabilize the 1st and 2nd tarsometatarsal joints; however this may not provide adequate stability along the Lisfranc ligament. Several biomechanical studies have compared earlier methods of fixation using plates to the standard transarticular screw fixation method, highlighting the potential issue of transverse stability using plates. A novel dorsal plate is introduced, intended to provide transverse and longitudinal stability, without injury to the articular cartilage.

颈椎前路减压带锁钛板内固定治疗颈椎损伤

目的评价颈椎前路减压带锁钛板内固定治疗颈椎骨折并脊髓损伤的临床疗效。方法对46例颈椎骨折并脊髓拟伤的患皙施行颈椎前路臧压、自体髂骨植骨和颈椎带锁钛板内固定。术后定期复查X线片,判定脊髓功能恢复情况,结果随访41例,平均随访时间2．5年。术后3个月植骨块获得骨性融合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意,无内置物并发症,脊髓功能平均提高1级。结论颈椎骨折并脊髓损伤前路减压、应用带锁钛板内崮定有利植骨融合和事建颈椎稳定。     

前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定治疗颈椎外伤性滑脱

[目的]探讨应用前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定技术治疗颈椎外伤性滑脱(TSCS)。[方法]24例TSCS，新鲜损伤19例，陈旧性损伤5例。采用颈椎牵引复位后颈前路植骨融合及带锁钢板内固定术进行治疗，术后颈围外固定至融合。[结果]随访10～32个月，平均18个月，24例植骨块与上下椎体融合。无钛板松动移位、断裂。所有患者颈部疼痛和上肢放射痛症状消失或基本缓解。合并颈髓损伤的15例按ASIA分级均有不同程度恢复。[结论]前路植骨融合带锁钢板内固定可重建颈椎即刻稳定性，有效防止继发性脊髓损伤，是治疗1’scs安全可靠的治疗方法。     

关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定治疗51例胫骨平台骨折,SehatzkerI～Ⅲ型35例,Ⅳ一Ⅵ型16例;其中,胫骨髁间嵴骨折并前交叉韧带损伤8例,后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折8例,半月板损伤5例。结果本组随访12～24个月,平均13．6个月。膝关节功能参照Rasmussen评分：优24例,良20例,可6例,差1例,优良率达86．3％。无切口坏死,无固定失败及骨外露发生。有1例伤口感染。结论采用关节镜技术和三柱锁定钢板固定各种胫骨平台骨折是一种可靠方法。     

Midfoot Arthrodesis Using a Locking Anterior Cervical Plate as Adjunctive Fixation: Early Experience With a New Implant

A retrospective review was performed on 14 patients (20 arthrodeses) who had undergone midfoot arthrodesis with a semi-constrained, locking anterior cervical plate as a form of adjunctive fixation. Fusion sites where the plate was used for the purpose of arthrodesis included the talonavicular joint, medial naviculocuneiform joints, first metatarsal cuneiform joint, and the calcaneal cuboid joint. All arthrodesis sites used one other type of fixation for the purpose of axial compression. Twenty midfoot arthrodesis sites went on to radiographic union at a mean of 9.1+/-1.5 weeks. A single complication of hardware irritation occurred in one patient that resolved after plate removal. This semi-constrained, locking anterior cervical plate appears to be a viable adjunct to fixation constructs for the purpose of midfoot arthrodesis.     

Transarticular screw fixation for atlanto-occipital dislocation

STUDY DESIGN: A case report of traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation managed by transarticular screw fixation. OBJECTIVES: To present a case with initial failed wire fixation but successful reduction and fixation with transarticular screw fixation and occipitocervical plate stabilization. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Atlanto-occipital dislocation is generally a fatal injury, except when it occurs in children. Management of this injury is difficult because of multidirectional instability and the problems associated with technical stabilization. METHODS: Intraoperative atlanto-occipital reduction was achieved and maintained by direct C0-C1 transarticular screw fixation. To protect this fixation, a posterior occipitocervical fusion at C0-C2 using a Y-plate was performed. RESULTS: The internal fixation and reduction were maintained, indicating a good surgical outcome, at examination 2 years after surgery. The initially severe neurologic deficit was reduced to some motor weakness of the right hand and weakness of oculomotor function. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic reduction and reliable fixation with transarticular screws may provide satisfactory clinical results with important neurologic recovery in cases of atlanto-occipital dislocation.     

前路带锁钢板联合钛笼植骨融合术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的评价前路带锁钢板系统结合钛笼内植骨融合治疗颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的临床疗效及应用价值。方法对25例颈椎骨折脱位并脊髓损伤患者行颈椎前路减压、钛笼内植骨,纯钛带锁钢板内固定术,神经功能按JOA评分,于术前、术后1年余对所有病例均进行评分。结果25例患者全部获得随访,平均随访时间15．5个月。骨折、脱位复位均满意,植骨于术后3个月融合,无钢板螺钉松动、断裂、钛笼陷入椎体内等并发症,术后1年JOA评分恢复率为（69．2±12．5）％。结论应用前路带锁钢板系统结合钛笼内植骨融合术治疗颈椎骨折脱位,能充分保证固定节段的稳定性,植骨融合率高,有效地维持了椎问高度和生理曲度,使脊髓在相对生理环境下达到最大程度的功能恢复,在颈髓损伤中有较大的应用价值,远期效果还有待于进一步观察。     

锁定接骨板桥接固定肱骨干中、上段复杂骨折

目的探讨锁定接骨板桥接固定治疗肱骨干中、上段复杂骨折的方法与可行性。方法应用锁定接骨板桥接固定肱骨干中、上段复杂骨折12例,所有患者均未植骨。术后每2个月X线片复查,并早期功能锻炼。结果全部获得随访,时间6～14（9．0±2．2）个月。患者均获得骨性愈合,时间3—7（4．4±1．0）个月。肩关节外展上举活动度为0°-140°,肘关节屈伸活动为0°～130°,无桡神经损伤等并发症出现。结论锁定钢板桥接固定是治疗肱骨中、上段复杂骨折的良好的方法。     

Biomechanical study of angle-stable anterior atlanto-axial spondylodesis plate

The optimum fixation method to achieve atlantoaxial fusion after odontoid resection is still subject to discussion. Isolated posterior surgical procedures for treatment of irreducible atlantoaxial kyphosis with spinal cord compression are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Transoral atlantoaxial plate fixation has been described by Harms as a fixation technique after odontoid resection. The purpose of this study was to compare biomechanically a new anterior atlantoaxial locking plate (AALP) with the Harms plate and the atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation described by Magerl. Sixteen human cadaver craniocervical specimens were tested in flexion, extension, rotation, and bending with a nondestructive flexibility method using a nonconstrained testing apparatus. Five different groups were examined: (1) control group (intact) (n = 16), (2) unstable group (after dissection of the atlantoaxial ligaments and odontoidectomy) (n = 16), (3) Harms group (transoral atlantoaxial plate fixation) (n = 8), (4) AALP group (anterior atlantoaxial locking plate fixation) (n = 8), and (5) Magerl group (transarticular atlantoaxial screw fixation) (n = 16). Stiffness in any direction was significantly higher in the AALP specimens and those fixated with the Magerl method than in the Harms, control, or unstable specimens. The difference in stiffness between the AALP and Magerl reconstruction groups was not statistically significant. Experimentally, the AALP was significantly stiffer than the Harms plate. The AALP provided stiffness equal to transarticular screw fixation according to Magerl. A question that cannot be answered by this in vitro study concerns the level of rigidity required to obtain long-term stability and fusion by atlantoaxial fixation methods. However, it may be assumed that the more spinal motion is eliminated the greater the chance of definite spinal fusion. Therefore, it seems reasonable that the most reliable and rigid fixation method would be the method of choice.