一种基于提升小波和中值滤波的心电去噪方法

小波变换在心电去噪中有非常好的效果,但传统的小波变换计算量大,不利于实时处理和嵌入式系统的实现,提升小波是一种快速有效的小波变换的实现方法,本文提出了一种运用提升小波和中值滤波去除心电信号工频干扰、肌电干扰和基线漂移三种噪声的方法。该方法运用提升小波对含噪声的心电信号做三层分解,并根据小波基的特性在不同层次采用不同的小波基,去除心电信号的工频干扰和肌电干扰;对第三层分解后得到的数据做中值滤波,去除心电信号的基线漂移。将以上方法与传统的小波方法相比,去噪结果表明两者去噪效果相当,但提升方法运算速度有很大的提升。结果证实将提升小波与中值滤波方法结合可以有效地去除心电信号的工频干扰、肌电干扰和基线漂移,而且可以较大地提高运算速度,便于进行实时处理和嵌入式系统的实现。     

基于扩展Infomax 独立分量分析算法的脑电信号消噪

背景：脑电信号能够反映大脑不同的生理病理状态,但在采集和分析处理过程中极易受到各种噪声的干扰,如眼球运动、眨眼、心电、肌电等,这些噪声的存在严重影响了脑电信号的分析和处理。 目的：介绍了一种基于扩展Infomax的独立分量分析方法,并用于脑电信号消噪。 方法：通过扩展Infomax算法的迭代求得分离矩阵,采用去除噪声分量后的独立成分重构需要记录的脑电信号,观察Matlab仿真得到的去噪后的脑电信号,同时比较去噪前后各导联脑电信号与眼电信号的相关性。 结果与结论：使用扩展Infomax 独立分量分析算法能够成功地去除多导脑电信号中的眼电干扰。再比较去噪前后各导联脑电信号的功率谱,可以发现使用扩展Infomax独立分量分析算法同时也能够成功地去除多导脑电信号中的工频干扰,且对脑电信号中的其他有用信号几乎没有破坏。     

基于EMD与IMF分量统计特性的ECG去噪

经验模式分解（EMD）域内心电（ECG）信号的去噪,通常为基于QRS特征波经验性识别固有模态函数（IMF）分量并重建ECG信号。由于该方法引入个人误差,因此识别不准确。针对此问题,本文提出利用EMD与IMF分量统计特性对ECG信号进行去噪。本方法首先对含噪ECG信号进行EMD分解得到一系列IMF分量,然后利用IMF分量的统计特性识别IMF分量属性,并采用被识别为ECG信号的IMF分量重建ECG信号。该识别方法基于统计学方法,具有统计学和现实物理意义。将本方法应用于真实ECG信号去噪处理中,结果表明,本方法可有效去除ECG信号基线漂移噪声与肌电干扰噪声,去噪效果优于经验法。     

独立分量分析的研究和脑电中心电干扰的消除

本文研究和提出了一种用于独立分量分析的迭代算法 ,采用该算法成功地消除了存在于脑电信号中的心电干扰。基于信息论原理 ,给出了一个衡量各分量统计独立的目标函数 ,优化该目标函数 ,得出一种用于对独立分量进行盲分离的迭代算法 ,该算法的优点在于不需要计算信号的高阶统计量 ,收敛速度快。该算法使用一种去冗余方法 ,在提取一分量后 ,将其从混迭信号中去除 ,能逐一提取各独立分量。实验结果表明独立分量分析可有效地去除脑电信号中的心电干扰成分     

一种基于提升小波的膈肌肌电信号在线去噪方法

膈肌肌电信号传递着膈肌生理状态和呼吸系统的功能等重要信息,但用食道电极采集该信号常受到心电信号的强烈干扰。本研究以提升小波为基础,针对膈肌肌电信号与心电干扰的特征,提出了一种新的膈肌肌电信号在线去噪方法。该方法由于采用了提升小波变换和简单的阈值滤波,运算速度较传统小波方法大为提高。模拟信号的仿真实验中,用该方法去噪后的信号相对于原纯净信号其功率谱相对误差很小。将该方法应用于临床采样数据时,也能达到比较理想的去噪效果。     

心电信号小波去噪的改进算法研究

对心电信号(ECG)中的基线漂移、工频干扰和肌电干扰等噪声进行去除,在波形识别、医疗诊断和治疗等领域具有重要意义。提出用sym5小波函数对心电信号进行8层小波分解。根据有用信号强度在每一层平均分配而噪声强度随分解层数增加而减少的规律,将分解得到的每一层的小波细节系数设置不同的阈值,最后用所提出的新阈值函数进行小波阈值去噪。该阈值函数既能克服硬阈值函数在阈值附近不连续的缺点,又可弥补软阈值函数与原函数之间存在固定差值的不足。以MIT-BIH心电数据库中的101号文件作为原始数据,将整个数据文件进行平均分段,每段有1 200个数据点,对每段数据进行加噪仿真分析,结果表明所提出的去噪算法得到的去噪信号信噪比比硬阈值函数和软阈值函数分别提高2.31%和8.04%,从而证明所提算法的有效性。     

小波变换在ECG信号滤波中的应用研究

本文首先介绍了小波变换应用于ECG信号消噪处理中的几种常用滤波方法的原理,分析了它们的滤波性能.然后提出一种小波变换与自适应滤波相结合的心电信号去噪方法,实验证明这种去噪方法可以有效抑制心电信号中的噪声干扰,保持信号的波形特征,是对"运用多分辨率分析方法,去除噪声干扰对应小波分解尺度上细节分量"的滤波方法的一种有效改进,达到较好的滤波效果.     

基于独立成分和小波分析的胎儿心电提取

背景：在胎儿心电信号的采集过程中,会受到母体和其他噪声的强干扰,如何快捷与有效地提取出胎儿心电将成为重要的研究课题。 目的：采用结合独立成分分析和小波分析的方法对来自于同一母体的观测信号进行独立分量分离,得到有效的胎儿心电。 方法：结合独立成分分析和小波分析的算法进行胎儿心电的特征提取,首先对含噪信号进行小波变换,去除奇异信号和非平稳随机信号,然后对小波重构后的信号运用快速独立成分分析算法进行成分分析。 结果与结论：在胎儿心电信号的采集过程中,会受到母体和其他噪声的强干扰,但这些信号都是随机的,不相关的,可以认为它们间是相互独立的。采用结合独立成分和小波分析的方法对来自于同一母体的观测信号进行独立分量分离,得到有效的胎儿心电。实验证明该方法是一种有效的方法。     

基于小波变换和似然无偏估计的运动心电信号伪差消除法

介绍了一种基于小波变换并结合似然无偏估计来消除运动心电信号中基线漂移和肌电噪声的新方法 ,且提出了评价心电消噪算法有效性的两个指标。该方法利用小波变换多分辨率分析的特性 ,将原始运动心电信号进行多尺度分解及单支重构 ,根据运动心电信号的自身特征 ,结合似然无偏估计针对不同的心电细节成分进行阈值消噪处理。研究结果表明 ,该方法能有效消除运动心电信号中的干扰成分 ,为进一步研究运动心电信号的特征识别分析提供了新途径。     

面向心电信号去噪的正交小波构造方法

为更好地去除心电信号的肌电干扰,设计出专门用于心电信号处理的正交小波(心电小波)。首先,为满足正交性要求,对小波滤波器系数进行参数化设计;其次,用参数化的小波滤波器系数逼近QRS模板并构造出目标函数,在此基础上以消失距作为约束条件得到优化模型;最后,采用拉格朗日乘子法对模型进行求解。从光滑性、与心电信号的相似性、重构误差以及频响特性等方面,对构造出的小波性能进行评估,结果表明,相对于db和sym系列的小波,心电小波可以获得更好的综合性能。当将该算法用于MIT-BIH数据库中的心电信号去噪时,能够抑制加性噪声的干扰,使信噪比提高10.32dB。根据应用对象设计正交小波的方法,为其他专用小波设计提供新思路。     

Fetal heart rate monitoring based on independent component analysis

In this paper, an algorithm based on independent component analysis (ICA) for extracting the fetal heart rate (FHR) from maternal abdominal electrodes is presented. Three abdominal ECG channels are used to extract the FHR in three steps: first preprocessing procedures such as DC cancellation and low-pass filtering are applied to remove noise. Then the algorithm for multiple unknown source extraction (AMUSE) algorithm is fed to extract the sources from the observation signals include fetal ECG (FECG). Finally, FHR is extracted from FECG. The method is shown to be capable of completely revealing FECG R-peaks from observation leads even with a SNR=-200dB using semi-synthetic data.     

A Study on sEMG Simulation Modeling and Its Decomposition Methods

In this paper, we establish a surface electromyography(sEMG) signal model and study the signal decomposition method from noisy background. Firstly, single fiber action potential (SFAP), motor unit action potential (MUAP) and motor unit action potential train(MUAPT) are simulated based on the tripolar signal source model, and then the sEMG is obtained; secondly, the simulated sEMG signal is extracted from the mixed signals that consists of white noises, power frequency interference signal and electrocardio signal by independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms; lastly, the spikes corresponding to each motor unit action potential from the simulated sEMG signals were detected by applying the wavelet transform (WT) method. Simulation results showed that sEMG model could describe the physiological process of sEMG, ICA and WT methods could extract the sEMG signal and its features, which will lay a foundation for further classifying the MUAP.     

基于独立分量分析的脑电噪声消除

作为一种新的多元统计处理方法，独立分量分析(ICA)是解决盲源分离(BSS)问题的一个有效手段。在简要分析ICA理论及其算法的基础上，提出将其应用到脑电中的眼电伪迹的去除任务。实际采集的生理信号大多由相互独立的成分线性迭加而成，符合ICA要求源信号统计独立的基本假设。与传统方法相比，ICA这种空间滤波器不受信号频谱混迭的限制，消噪的同时能对有用信号的细节成分做到很好的保留，很大程度上弥补了时频域方法的不足。此外解混矩阵的逆可以用来反映独立源的空间分布模式，具有重要的生理意义。     

超声多普勒血流和管壁搏动信号的分离研究

目的针对超声多普勒血流检测中,传统的高通滤波法在滤除管壁搏动信号的同时也会滤除低频血流信号的问题,本研究提出一种以心电信号（electrocardiography,ECG）作为参考信号的自适应滤波的方法消除管壁干扰。方法包括两方面：其一,采用心电信号作为参考信号对超声多普勒信号进行自适应滤波;其二,采用多级自适应滤波并选择不同的参考信号的滤波方案。分别使用上述方法和高通滤波法对仿真的超声多普勒信号进行处理,并将结果进行比较。结果与传统的高通滤波法相比,该方法在有效抑制管壁搏动信号的同时保留一部分低频血流信号成分。结论该方法能较准确地提取出完整的血流超声多普勒信号,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Characterisation of electrocardiogram signals based on blind source separation

Blind source separation assumes that the acquired signal is composed of a weighted sum of a number of basic components corresponding to a number of limited sources. This work poses the problem of ECG signal diagnosis in the form of a blind source separation problem. In particular, a large number of ECG signals undergo two of the most commonly used blind source separation techniques, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA), so that the basic components underlying this complex signal can be identified. Given that such techniques are sensitive to signal shift, a simple transformation is used that computes the magnitude of the Fourier transformation of ECG signals. This allows the phase components corresponding to such shifts to be removed. Using the magnitude of the projection of a given ECG signal onto these basic components as features, it was shown that accurate arrhythmia detection and classification were possible. The proposed strategies were applied to a large number of independent 3s intervals of ECG signals consisting of 320 training samples and 160 test samples from the MIT-BIH database. The samples equally represent five different ECG signal types, including normal, ventricular couplet, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular bigeminy and ventricular fibrillation. The intervals analysed were windowed using either a rectangular or a Hamming window. The methods demonstrated a detection rate of sensitivity 98% at specificity of 100% using nearest neighbour classification of features from ICA and a rectangular window. Lower classification rates were obtained using the same classifier with features from either PCA or ICA and a rectangular window. The results demonstrate the potential of the new method for clinical use.     

Adaptive motion artefact reduction in respiration and ECG signals for wearable healthcare monitoring systems

Wearable healthcare monitoring systems (WHMSs) have received significant interest from both academia and industry with the advantage of non-intrusive and ambulatory monitoring. The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of an adaptive filter to reduce motion artefact (MA) in physiological signals acquired by WHMSs. In our study, a WHMS is used to acquire ECG, respiration and triaxial accelerometer (ACC) signals during incremental treadmill and cycle ergometry exercises. With these signals, performances of adaptive MA cancellation are evaluated in both respiration and ECG signals. To achieve effective and robust MA cancellation, three axial outputs of the ACC are employed to estimate the MA by a bank of gradient adaptive Laguerre lattice (GALL) filter, and the outputs of the GALL filters are further combined with time-varying weights determined by a Kalman filter. The results show that for the respiratory signals, MA component can be reduced and signal quality can be improved effectively (the power ratio between the MA-corrupted respiratory signal and the adaptive filtered signal was 1.31 in running condition, and the corresponding signal quality was improved from 0.77 to 0.96). Combination of the GALL and Kalman filters can achieve robust MA cancellation without supervised selection of the reference axis from the ACC. For ECG, the MA component can also be reduced by adaptive filtering. The signal quality, however, could not be improved substantially just by the adaptive filter with the ACC outputs as the reference signals.     

Monopolar surface electromyography: a better tool to assess motoneuron excitability upon passive muscle stretching

Bipolar and monopolar surface electromyography (sEMG) are known procedures to measure the H-reflex. However, signal cancellation is a potential experimental problem of bipolar sEMG. The results of our study show that monopolar sEMG was the more sensitive procedure to differentiate motoneuron excitability at different passive muscle stretching speeds as it overcame signal cancellation.     

自适应算法与小波变换在心电信号滤波中的应用

心电信号是一种基本的人体生理信号,具有重要的临床诊断价值。然而,体表检测人体心电信号中常带有工频干扰、基线漂移、肌电干扰等各种噪声,给临床对心血管疾病的诊断带来了障碍。为了消除心电信号检测过程中带有的上述三种噪声,采用LM S自适应算法及小波变换理论,有针对性的设计了自适应滤波器、小波变换滤波器和自适应信号分离器等三种数字滤波器来滤除相应干扰。结果表明,对心电信号中存在的这三种噪声具有很好的滤波效果。     

一种呼吸信号的检测方法

探讨呼吸波形的检测方法,针对现有方法的不足,提出了从肌电提取呼吸信号的检测方法—肌电频谱法。该方法首先利用FastICA算法消除胸部肌电信号中的心电信号成分,再对处理后的信号进行短时傅立叶变换,提取平均平移曲线得到呼吸波形。通过仿真及对实际信号的处理,表明该方法简单有效,可以准确地从肌电信号中提取呼吸信号。