99Tcm-HL91在心肌活性检测中的应用

目的探讨乏氧显像剂99Tcm-4,9-二氮-3,3,10,10-四甲基十二烷-2,11-二酮肟(HL91)检测心肌活性的可能性.方法急性心肌梗死患者25例(病史≤6周)和陈旧性心肌梗死患者5例(病史＞6周)分别行硝酸甘油介入和静息99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)显像、99Tcm-HL91显像,根据99Tcm-MIBI显像结果将心肌分为正常心肌组、缺血心肌组(硝酸甘油介入后99Tcm-MIBI聚集量上升＞20%)和梗死心肌组(硝酸甘油介入后99Tcm-MIBI聚集量上升≤20%),比较三组间99Tcm-HL91聚集量有无差别.结果①急性心肌梗死患者正常心肌组99Tcm-HL91聚集量为95%,缺血心肌组为157%,梗死心肌组为93%,99Tcm-HL91在缺血心肌组聚集量明显高于正常心肌组和梗死心肌组.②陈旧性心肌梗死患者三组间99Tcm-HL91聚集量无差别.结论Tcm-HL91可用于探测缺血但存活的心肌.     

99Tcm-HL91 SPECT探测缺血存活心肌的初步应用研究

目的 研究99Tcm-4,9-二氮-3,3,10,10-四甲基十二烷-2,11-二酮肟(99Tcm-HL91)在缺血心肌中的显像表现,探讨99Tcm-HL91探测缺血但存活心肌的价值.方法 18例已确诊为心肌缺血或心肌梗死的患者均行99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(99Tcm-MIBI)与99Tcm-HL91心肌灌注显像.在心脏短轴图像上通过感兴趣区技术获取缺血区与正常心肌组织的平均放射性计数,获得99Tcm-MIBI与99Tcm-HL91在局部缺血区与正常心肌组织的放射性比值.结果 10例患者在99Tcm-MIBI显像的放射性稀疏或缺损区而在99Tcm-HL91 SPECT可见到明显的放射性充填;其余8例患者99Tcm-HL91显像心肌摄取不高.结论 99Tcm-HL91可选择性地被存活乏氧心肌摄取,与99Tcm-MIBI SPECT联合应用,可望有效提高检测存活心肌的效能.     

2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者心肌灌注显像及冠脉造影特点分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（2DM）合并急性心肌梗死患者的心肌灌注断层显 像和冠状动脉病变的特征性改变。方法 25例2DM合并急性心肌梗死患者,随机选取同期住院的单纯冠心病急性心肌梗死患者10例作为对照。所有患者均行核素心肌灌注显像（静态和硝酸甘油介入心肌断层显像）及冠状动脉造影。结果 25例2DM合并心肌梗死者冠状动脉造影3支病变占60％,明显高于对照组（40%);拟肌灌注检出的放射性缺损节段数为32．25％（129／400）,而对照组为15．62％（25／160）。结论 2DM合并急性心肌梗死患者呈广泛多节段灌注缺损,冠状动脉多为多支病变,重度狭窄。     

用99Tcm-HL91评价鼠心肌缺血模型

目的 探讨乏氧心肌显像剂99Tcm-4,9-二氮-3,3,10,10-四甲基十二烷-2,11-二酮肟(HL91)用于诊断实验性缺血心肌的价值.方法 建立大鼠心肌在体缺血再灌注模型,采用体外放射自显影法检测正常对照组(6只)、缺血再灌注组(8只)及无再灌注组(8只)鼠心肌对99Tcm-HL91的摄取.结果 对照组和无再灌注组心肌未见局灶性放射性浓聚,再灌注组心肌非坏死区有较高放射性浓聚,与正常心肌组织的摄取比值为1.634±0.354.结论 99Tcm-HL91表现出较强的亲乏氧组织特性,能较好区分存活和梗死心肌.     

201Tl 24 h延迟显像检测心肌梗死后缺血/存活心肌的价值

^201Tl心肌显像已广泛用于梗死后缺血/存活心肌的评价,研究表明常规3～4 h再分布显像低估了部分存活心肌,^201Tl24h延迟显像可提高冠心病患者缺血/存活心肌的检出率,但仍存争议.笔者对38例心肌梗死患者行^201Tl心肌SPECT24h延迟显像,现报道如下.     

^201Tl与^13N—NH3、^18F—PDG PET心肌显像判断存活心肌的对比研究

目的 比较再注射^201Tl心肌显像与联合应用^13N-NH3及^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）心肌PET显像判断存活心肌的临床价值。方法 20例心肌梗死患者，行^201Tl SPECT负荷、再分布、再注射显像及^13N-NH3`^18F-FDG PET心肌显像。将左室分成9个节段，以视觉评价法对放射性分布进行4级评分。获得^201Tl SPECT再分布、再注射像及^18F-FDG PET显像的局部心肌摄取率（％ID）。结果 PET判定为存活心肌的48个节段中，45个节段（93．8％）^201Tl再注射像也判定为存活心肌。在^201Tl再分布像示放射性分布严重低下的24个节段，^201Tl再注射像与PET显像判定存活心肌的一致率为87．5％，其中37．5％为存活心肌节段，50％为地存活心肌节段。2种显像方法的％ID无明显差异，且呈显著正相关（r=0.722)。结论 再注射^201Tl心肌显像判断存活心肌的准确性与PET心肌显像相似，有较大的临床应用价值。     

双核素心肌和心室显像同时采集时的干扰分析

目的研究同时采集201Tl心肌显像和99Tcm-RBC心室显像时的相互干扰.方法使用自制心脏模型,分别在心腔和室壁用不同放射性浓度的99Tcm和201Tl模拟双核素采集,并使用不同的能窗进行多次采集.分别计算99Tcm的散射率和201Tl的缺损对比度.结果99Tcm和201Tl双核素同时采集时以前者对后者图像的影响为主,该影响随201Tl剂量的增加而递减,使用较小的能窗也能抑制部分99Tcm的散射干扰.对201Tl心肌灌注缺损区对比度分析显示,仅在15%采集能窗下,99Tcm对201Tl图像的缺损区对比度有影响.不同程度的缺损区受能窗大小的影响不同.结论同时进行201Tl心肌显像和99Tcm-RBC心室显像时应适当提高201Tl剂量,心肌显像时201Tl能窗设定以±10%为首选.     

心肌灌注显像剂:99Tcm-N-NOET

99Tcm-N-NOET{双[N-乙氧,N-乙基(二硫代氨基甲酸脂)氮化锝](V)}是一种锝标记中性亲脂性心肌灌注显像剂,具有心肌首过摄取率高、心肌滞留时间长之优点.其心肌摄取部位在细胞膜,且摄取不依赖于能量.L型钙通道阻滞剂能影响其心肌摄取.99Tcm-N-NOET不仅具有201Tl类似的心肌再分布,而且其心肌灌注显像在诊断冠状动脉疾病的敏感性和特异性方面与201Tl类似.     

冠心病患者201Tl和99Tcm-MIBI双核素心肌灌注显像

目的探讨静息201Tl/负荷99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)双核素心肌SPECT显像在冠心病诊断中的价值.方法对36例冠心病患者行201Tl负荷-延迟再分布心肌SPECT显像;常规潘生丁药物负荷高峰时,静脉注射201Tl 111～148 MBq,15 min后进行心肌显像.对23例冠心病患者和9例正常人行静息201Tl负荷、99Tcm-MIBI双核素心肌SPECT显像,静息状态注射201Tl 111～148 MBq,注射后5 min给予潘生丁药物负荷,高峰时注射99Tcm-MIBI 925 MBq.1 h后行双核素显像.结果 36例冠心病患者201Tl负荷-延迟再分布心肌显像的阳性率为83.33%,23例冠心病患者双核素心肌显像的阳性率为100%,两组阳性率比较差异有显著性(χ2=4.267,P=0.043).9例正常受检者均为阴性.结论双核素心肌显像对冠心病的检出率较高,省时、安全并可获得高质量图像,对冠心病诊断有较高临床价值.     

201Tl定量门控心肌灌注体层显像与99mTc-红细胞门控心血池显像测定左心室射血分数的对比研究

目的 探讨201Tl定量门控心肌灌注体层显像与99mTc-红细胞门控心血池显像测量左心室射血分数(LVEF)的相关性.方法 72例受检者接受201Tl静息门控心肌灌注体层显像,用AUTOQUANT 4.21软件测量LVEF,并与24 h内的静息99mTc-红细胞平衡法门控心血池显像结果进行比较.结果 ①门控心肌灌注体层显像与门控心血池显像测量LVEF值的结果呈明显正相关(r=0.554,P=-0.000),两种方法无统计学差别(t=1.194,P＞0.05).②不同疾病组之间两种测量方法无统计学差异(P值均大于0.05).③门控心肌灌注体层显像及门控心血池显像测量的LVEF值分别为(64.68±10.77)%和(62.46±8.99)%,门控心肌灌注体层显像测量的LVEF值要比门控心血池显像高出3.55%.结论 201Tl门控心肌灌注体层显像与99mTc-红细胞门控心血池显像测量LVEF值的相关性好且结果准确,但门控心肌灌注体层显像的LVEF测量值要稍高于门控心血池显像.     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.