16例脾结核临床分析

目的 探讨脾结核的诊断和治疗措施.方法 对16例脾结核患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 16例病人中表现为发热、盗汗、腹胀、腹痛和脾肿大分别为11例次(68.8%)、6例次(37.5%)、8例次(50%)、10例次(62.5%)和13例次(81.2%).腹部B超及CT检查10例有脾内占位性病变,3例脾内有钙化灶,另3例为脾弥漫性肿大.手术及病理诊断脾结核9例,3例因脾内有钙化灶诊断脾结核,另4例诊断性抗结核治疗有效而诊断脾结核.16例病人中有8例合并脾外结核.所有病人都经过半年以上的抗结核治疗,经随访预后良好.结论 脾结核诊断主要依据睥病理学检查及诊断性治疗,系统性抗结核治疗及选择性手术治疗是脾结核的主要有效治疗手段.     

肝结核20例临床分析

目的 探讨肝结核的诊断和治疗措施.方法 对20例肝结核患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 20例患者中表现为发热、盗汗、纳差、腹痛、腹胀和腹泻分别为10例(50%)、4例(20%)、12例(60%)、8例(40%)、12例(60%)、4例(20%)和无症状3例(15%).腹部B超及CT检查发现肝内占位性病变15例,肝内有钙化灶2例,肝脏肿大3例.手术及病理诊断肝结核15例,2例因肝内有钙化灶诊断为肝结核,另3例采用诊断性抗结核治疗有效诊断为肝结核.20例患者中有16例合并肝外结核.所有患者均经过1.5年以上的抗结核治疗,经随访预后良好.结论 肝结核患者的临床和影像学表现多样,且无特异性,误诊误治率高.确诊的主要手段是肝脏病理学检查及诊断性治疗,系统的抗结核治疗及选择性手术治疗是肝结核患者的有效治疗手段.     

门脉高压症脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的诊治(附18例报告)

对18例门脉高压症脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成患者的临床资料进行分析。结果术后13例出现不明原因发热,9例有腹痛症状;18例均有血小板计数、D-D二聚体水平增高;12例经彩色多普勒超声、6例经强化CT检查确诊;18例均经溶栓及抗凝治疗后痊愈。认为不明原因门脉高压症患者脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的常见症状为发热及腹痛,血小板及D-D二聚体检测有助于早期诊断及预防,彩色多普勒超声及强化CT可以明确诊断,溶栓及抗凝治疗是有效的治疗措施。     

25例肝结核临床分析

目的探讨肝结核的诊断和治疗措施。方法报道1999年1月~2005年1月收治确诊的肝结核病人25例,对其临床资料进行回顾分析。结果25例病人临床表现主要为发热、腹痛、腹胀和肝肿大,反复肝功能异常。病理类型粟粒型8例,结节型17例。5例手术切除治疗。所有病人都经过9~18月的抗结核治疗,经随访预后良好。结论肝结核临床表现和影像学表现多样,且无特异性,误诊误治率高。肝结核诊断需综合临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查和病理检查,确诊手段主要是肝组织活检,系统性的抗结核治疗及选择性手术治疗是肝结核的主要有效治疗手段。     

13例脾结核的诊断和治疗分析

１３例脾结核的诊断和治疗分析罗绍凯何伟雄洪文德脾结核是指发生在脾脏的结核病。我院自１９６１～１９９５年共收治脾结核１３例，报道如下。１３例脾结核中男９例，女４例，年龄２２～５９岁，经病理或影像学等检查及抗结核治疗治愈而确诊。除２例曾有肺或皮肤结核病史...     

脾结核的CT影像评价

脾结核临床少见 ,影像学表现无明显特异性 ,易误诊。我们对 1984～ 1999年间收集的经病理诊断的 7例脾结核临床资料及ＣＴ表现进行了分析 ,并对脾结核ＣＴ分型及其临床意义作进一步探讨。临床资料一、病例资料本组脾结核 7例 ,男 3例 ,女 4例 ,年龄为 2 3～ 6 9岁 ,平均 39.1岁。大于 6 0岁仅 1例 ,5 9岁以下 6例 ,占 85 .7%。病程 2个月～ 2年。临床表现为发热 6例 ,其中低热 3例、不规则发热 2例、弛张热 1例 ,腹痛 5例 ,多表现为脾区或左上腹间断性或持续性胀痛、隐痛 ;盗汗 2例 ,消瘦、乏力 3例。脾功能亢进 1例。左上腹包块 1例。体检 …     

孤立性胰腺结核国内文献的荟萃分析

目的:探讨孤立性胰腺结核的临床特征和诊断方式.方法:报告1例孤立性胰腺结核,并结合国内34篇文献共49例孤立性胰腺结核病例进行荟萃分析.结果:49例病例中男25例,女24例,男女之比1∶1.08.平均年龄36.65岁±12.73岁.平均病程4.06mo±3.15mo.临床主要表现为腹痛(63.27%)、体质量下降(59.18%)、发热(36.73%)、黄疸(34.69%)等,其他表现有腹胀、恶心呕吐、盗汗、乏力等.实验室检查呈血沉增快(85.71%)、PPD阳性(5/9)、CA19-9升高(2/8).在CT检查中75.61%的病例显示有胰腺多发低密度结节样病灶,多伴有胰腺周围淋巴结增大(34.15%),少数表现有钙化影像、肝内外胆管及胰管扩张和胰腺假性囊肿等.在B超检查中51.06%的病例显示有胰腺肿大和胰腺不规则低回声区,少数病例伴有胰管扩张、肝内外胆管扩张等.确诊前55.1%的病例被误诊为胰腺肿瘤,其他误诊为胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺炎、胆总管癌等.全部病例均经病理组织学检查确诊,其中CT或B超引导下活体组织检查各2例,45例经剖腹探查术后经病理学确诊,病理组织学可见干酪样坏死或干酪样肉芽肿形成,82.22%的病例伴有胰腺周围淋巴结结核.正规的抗结核药物治疗有效者占95.92%,其中剖腹探查病例除抗结核药物治疗外,选择病灶引流(15.56%)、局部病变切除(8.89%)和胰十二指肠切除(8.89%)的手术方式.结论:孤立性胰腺结核极为少见,确诊前多被误诊.临床上缺乏典型的结核中毒症状,多表现有腹痛、体质量下降和血沉增快,少数表现有发热、黄疸和乏力等.易被误诊为胰腺肿瘤、胰腺炎等.腹部CT等影像学检查是重要的诊断手段,确诊主要依据病理组织学检查.抗结核药物对孤立性胰腺结核治疗有效,必要时可选择手术治疗.     

附睾结核28例临床分析

目的 分析附睾结核的临床特点,以提高诊治水平?方法 就我院1995年～1998年收治的附睾结核28例进行回顾性分析?结果 附睾结核28例以无痛性肿块表现者占82%,28%合并睾丸结核,18%的病人呈急性?亚急性炎症过程?结论 根据附睾结核的临床特点,必要时作局部穿刺或活检,确诊一般不难?经正规抗结核治疗和局部手术切除治疗,预后较好?     

成人纵隔淋巴结结核16例临床分析

目的探讨纵隔淋巴结结核的临床表现。方法总结自1999年1月~2004年12月收治并确诊为成人纵隔淋巴结结核的16例患者的临床症状、体征、辅助检查及诊断要点。结果16例患者中,男10例,女6例,年龄22~63岁,平均41.25±21.2岁。诊断依据是16例患者有不同程度发热、咳嗽、消瘦、乏力等结核中毒症状。8例(50%)有浅表淋巴结肿大,活检或穿刺病理确诊。16例经胸部CT扫描,肿大淋巴结位于右纵隔8例,左纵隔4例,双侧纵隔4例,12例行增强CT扫描有环形强化表现,占75%,其中2例合并腹膜后淋巴结亦呈环形强化表现。13例行PPD试验(5u)的患者中有12例(92.3%)阳性(8例强阳性,2例中度阳性,2例弱阳性),仅1例阴性。血沉12例增快,4例正常。12例经病理确诊,其中7例淋巴结活检病理证实,1例经淋巴结穿刺病理证实,1例经胸腔镜活检病理证实,1例经支气管镜TBLT活检病理证实,1例经纵隔镜活检病理证实。1例误诊为食道平滑肌瘤而手术病理为肉芽肿改变,凝固性坏死,经验性抗结核治疗有效明确诊断。结论成人纵隔淋巴结结核少见,并易误诊为其它疾病,但结合临床仔细体检发现浅表肿大淋巴结并活检,胸部增强CT扫描有环形强化,结合结核毒血症状、PPD试验和血沉等指标诊断并不困难。疑难病人可行纵隔镜或胸腔镜病理活检明确诊断。     

综合医院以不明原因发热为表现的结核病100例临床分析

目的 探讨以不明原因发热(FUO)为表现的结核病的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析100例北京协和医院确诊的以FUO为表现的结核病患者的临床资料.结果 (1)结核累及部位:单纯肺结核39例,单纯肺外结核28例,肺结核合并肺外结核33例.(2)临床表现:由于累及部位的不同,伴随症状各异.实验室检查多为ESR增快和C反应蛋白升高以及不同程度的消耗表现即贫血和低白蛋白血症.(3)诊断方法:抗酸杆菌阳性的34例,组织病理符合结核病的8例,临床诊断并经抗结核治疗有效的49例,诊断性抗结核治疗有效的9例.从发病至确诊的时间为3～77周,中位确诊时间14周.(4)治疗反应:73例随访的患者中仅有2例(2.7%)死亡,其余均好转或治愈.正规抗结核治疗4周以内显效率为77.5%.37例(52.1%)出现药物不良反应,经调整治疗方案和对症处理后均好转.结论 以FUO为表现的结核病诊断比较困难,应对该病临床表现进行综合分析,认真阅读胸部影像学资料,尽可能寻找病原学和病理学的证据,必要时可给予诊断性抗结核治疗.     

脾脓肿19例临床资料分析

  目的 分析脾脓肿的临床诊治情况,为其诊疗提供参考。方法 回顾1991年1月—2012年3月北京协和医院19例脾脓肿患者的诊疗情况,分析其一般情况、基础疾病、临床表现、影像学特征、病原学依据、治疗方式、转归等临床资料。结果 19例脾脓肿患者从发病到就诊北京协和医院的中位时间为29 d,9例治愈,8例好转,2例死亡。大多数患者具有脾脓肿的危险因素,如肿瘤、糖尿病和免疫抑制状态等。脾脓肿临床表现不特异,19例患者脾脏均存在影像学变化;最多见的3种临床症状为发热（18例）、畏寒（12例）、寒战（11例）;最多见的3种体征是腹部压痛（9例）、左季肋区叩痛（7例）、脾大（4例）;病原菌培养结果显示最多见者为革兰阴性杆菌（9例）,革兰阳性球菌（8例）,真菌（4例）,7例患者存在2种或2种以上病原菌感染。结论 脾脓肿患者临床表现特异性不高。对于具有危险因素者,应进行相关临床检查,避免漏诊。结合超声等影像学检查,尽早诊断并开始经验性抗感染治疗;及时留取脓液等寻找病原学资料;根据患者情况,个体化选择治疗方案。        

误诊为间质性肺疾病的肺结核12例临床分析

目的 对误诊为间质性肺疾病(ILD)的肺结核患者临床、影像学及病理学特征进行探讨,以减少误诊.方法 对2003年10月至2007年10月在北京协和医院住院的230例胸部CT表现为ILD样改变,并经病理活检确诊的患者进行回顾性分析.活动性肺结核的诊断标准为肺组织标本显示上皮样肉芽肿或抗酸染色阳性,经抗结核治疗后肺内病变吸收.结果 230例中12例为肺结核,男5例,女7例;年龄17～68岁,平均(38±11)岁;病程0.5～18个月,中位病程2个月.肺结核患者中发热11例,咳嗽9例,呼吸困难7例,浅表淋巴结肿大4例,肝脾肿大2例;胸部CT示磨玻璃影4例,多发性斑片影5例,树芽征1例,小叶中心性结节2例.12例肺结核患者经抗结核治疗后随访3～12个月(中位随访时间9个月),11例肺部病变吸收,1例死于糖尿病酮症酸中毒.结论 对病程短、发热及肝脾和淋巴结肿大、CT表现为ILD的患者应排除肺结核.     

Splenic tuberculosis in patients with AIDS.

Splenic tuberculosis is an uncommonly considered diagnosis in clinical practice. We report splenic tuberculosis in three patients with AIDS who were admitted to the hospital because of fever and constitutional syndrome. In all of the patients, abdominal sonography and abdominal computed tomography revealed multiple hypoechoic and hypodense lesions, respectively. In two patients needle aspiration of the spleen with sonographic control was the diagnostic procedure. In the third patient the diagnosis was confirmed after splenectomy. In AIDS patients tuberculosis must be included in the differential diagnosis of hypoechoic and hypodense lesions by means of sonography and computed tomography, respectively, especially in those patients with active tuberculosis.     

Isolated splenic tuberculosis]

A case of splenic tuberculosis is reported. The patient was a 79-year-old man who was admitted to the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital because of high fever and loss of body weight. Several finger-tip sized superficial lymph nodes were palpable in bilateral inguinal regions. The intermediate PPD skin test was positive. However, there was no evidences of active tuberculosis on the chest roentgenogram. The computed tomogram of the abdomen showed moderate enlargement of the spleen with multiple low density areas and several swollen lymph nodes in the para-aortic region. Although a lymph node of the inguinal region was resected for the pathologic examination, it showed no specific changes. In order to obtain a final diagnosis, laparotomy was performed. The spleen was markedly enlarged and nodular in appearance. No abnormal findings were observed in the other abdominal organs. Splenectomy was carried out. Numerous yellowish nodules, varying from 0.1 to 5 cm in diameter, were observed on the cut surface of the resected spleen (20 x 20 x 8 cm, 700 g). The bacteriologic examination revealed acid-fast bacilli. The fever subsided after splenectomy and following antituberculous therapy. Recently, isolated tuberculosis of the spleen has become very rare. Since 1965, only six cases in five reports can be found in the English, French and German literature. The present case is considered to be one such very rare cases of tuberculosis. Although splenic tuberculosis is rare at the present time, splenic tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin with splenomegaly.     

艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核11例临床分析

目的 探讨艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析深圳市第三人民医院1999年9月至2008年12月收治的158例艾滋病合并结核病患者,其中诊断为艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核11例(男7例,女4例);除1例8岁儿童外,其余10例年龄22～55岁.结果 艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核患者约占艾滋病合并结核病患者的7%,其中8例CD_4~+＜50×10~6/L,3例CD_4~+为(50～100)×10~6/L;临床表现以发热(11/11)、腹痛(11/11)、腹胀(11/11)、盗汗(7/11)、消瘦(10/11)、腹泻(7/11)、贫血(5/11)、腹部包块(3/11)和腹腔积液(1/11)为特点;腹部B型超声扫描示多个肠系膜淋巴结肿大,腹部CT增强扫描示典型环状强化;2例行肠系膜淋巴结组织活检,病理结果均可见结核结节、干酪样坏死物和朗汉斯巨细胞,抗酸染色均为抗酸杆菌阳性.11例均给予抗结核治疗6个月及抗病毒治疗5个月,病灶吸收和消失.结论 艾滋病合并肠系膜淋巴结结核的临床表现无特异性,CD_4~+＜50×10~6/L、腹部CT增强扫描出现典型环状强化为其特征性表现.     

Splenic arteriovenous fistula--late complications of splenectomy

This is a case report of a 30-year-old female patient with a splenic arteriovenous fistula of rare, atypical clinical course. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to strong abdominal pains and fever. 13 years earlier, the patient underwent splenectomy due to post-traumatic rupture of the spleen. On imaging examinations prior to surgery (ultrasonography, CT), a splenic arteriovenous fistula was diagnosed. The patient was operated on due to increasing abdominal pain. The fistula was closed by splenic artery and splenic vein banding during the course of laparotomy. This case report will be discussed based on literature review.     

艾滋病合并肺结核129例临床分析

目的　提高对艾滋病合并肺结核的认识。方法 对 1998—2003年收治的 129例艾滋病合并肺结核进行分析。结果 HIV感染途径 :静脉吸毒史 80例,性乱史 25例,静脉吸毒加性乱史 18例。临床表现 :发热 (86.8%)、消瘦 (76%)、全身酸痛、乏力 (74.4%)、浅表淋巴结肿大 (30.2%)、腹泻(21.7%)、皮肤搔痒 (20%)等常见。胸部X线以粟粒性病变、中下肺野浸润、肺门或纵膈淋巴结肿大及胸膜炎多见。 37.2%患者同时合并丙肝抗体阳性,5.4%合并梅毒抗体阳性。经抗结核治疗后,大部分病人症状体征及胸片改善。结论 临床医师应重视AIDS流行的现实,对发热伴X线不典型肺结核患者,应常规检测HIV抗体及HCV抗体,短程抗结核化疗对本病较为安全有效。     

Four cases of the tuberculous adenitis

We report four cases of tuberuculosis with the lymph nodes swelling in the porta hepatis. Case 1 is 52 years-old man, who was admitted to our hospital because of anorexia. The chest X-ray film showed abnormal shadow and he was diagnosed as tuberculosis by sputum examination. At the time of hospitalization, patient's conjunctiva is icteric on physical examination. The serum T-Bil was 3.21 mg/dL and D-Bil was 2.54 mg/dL. The enhanced CT showed compression of the extrahepatic common bile duct which was caused by enlarged lymph nodes secondary to tuberculous adenitis. Case 2 is 25 years-old man, who was admitted to our hospital because of low grade fever and lower abdominal pain. The chest X-ray film showed abnormal shadow and he was diagnosed as tuberculosis by sputum examination. An enhanced CT showed the swelling of the lymph nodes in the porta hepatis. Case 3 is 21 years-old woman, who visited the outpatient clinic bacause of neck lymph node swelling. And she was diagnosed as tuberculous adenitis of the cervical lymph-nodes by the neck lymph node biopsy. The patient complained of upper abdominal pain during the clinical course. The enhanced CT showed the swelling of the lymph nodes in the porta hepatis. A Case 4 is 31 years-old man, who visited to outpatient clinic bacause of fever. The chest X-ray film showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and he was diagnosed as tuberculosis by the thoracoscopic biopsy. The enhanced abdominal CT showed lymph nodes swelling in the porta hepatis. All of lymph nodes swelling found in our four cases markedly reduced in size on abdominal enhanced CT or ultrasonography after the initiation of anti-tuberculous standard chemotherapy. Symptom of all cases got better as well. In these clinical circumstances, it was clinically important to rule out malignant lymphoma and lymphadenopathy caused by cancer. The enhanced abdominal CT were useful for diagnosis and follow-up as tuberculous adenitis.