彩色多普勒超声在血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的评估阴茎海绵体注射后彩色多普勒超声对男性血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ED）患者诊断作用。方法47例ED患者经阴茎海绵体注射PGE1 30μg诱导勃起后行彩色超声多普勒检查左、右海绵体动脉血流指标,包括收缩期最大流速（PSV）,动脉舒张末期血流速度（EDV）,阻力指数（RI）。结果非血管性ED组41例（87.2%）,其中左、右海绵体动脉PSV分别〉25 cm/s者33例,左右海绵体动脉PSV相加〉50 cm/s者8例。动脉性ED组2例（4.25%）,左右海绵体动脉PSV均〈25 cm/s,背深静脉未见血流。静脉性ED组4例（8.51%）。结论阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物后多普勒彩色超声对男性血管性ED检查是一种微创而准确的方法。     

多普勒超声技术动态观察血管性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学的变化

目的动态观察多普勒超声技术配合阴茎海绵体注射在血管性勃起功能障碍患者诊断中的价值。方法120例疑血管性ED患者在阴茎注射PGE1后5min、10min和20min应用多普勒超声技术测量阴茎血流动力学变化,指标包括:收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期峰值流速(EDV)、血流阻力指数(RI)。另100例心因性ED设为对照组。第一次注射后勃起不佳的患者3d后增加PGE1剂量重新检测。结果120例患者可以观察到明显的血流动力学变化,其中有动脉性ED者34例,静脉性ED 55例,混合血管性31例。ICI后不同时间的多普勒测量其血流动力学变化有一定差异。结论多普勒超声技术诊断血管性勃起功能障碍有一定意义。阴茎海绵体注射药物后须动态观察阴茎血流动力学的变化。     

阴茎海绵体注射结合声视觉性刺激在实时超声诊断血管性勃起功能障碍中的意义

目的探讨阴茎海绵体注射(ICI)结合声视觉性刺激(AVSS)在实时超声诊断血管性勃起功能障碍中的应用价值.方法200名门诊诊断勃起功能障碍(ED)患者.每位患者均先后接受A、B两次实时超声阴茎检查.A即在单独ICI下完成,B即在ICI结合AVSS下完成.检查间隔时间为一周.检查指标包括检测ICI后第5、10、20min的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期峰值流速(EDV)、血流阻力指数(RI).结果 A测试中,静脉性ED患者,EDV指标在检测ICI后的第10min明显高于其他时间段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).B测试中,动脉性ED患者,PSV 指标各时间段差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且动静脉混合型ED患者,EDV指标在ICI后第5min明显高于其他时间段,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).通过超声检查诊断,A测试中动脉性、静脉性、动静脉混合型以及非血管性ED的情况是34例(17%)、35例(17.5%)、31例(15.5%)和100例(50%);而在B测试中各组情况是27例(13.5%)、44例(22%)、7例(3.5%)和122例(60.7%).两次检测比较发现,A测试中,动静脉混合型ED显著高于B测试,而B测试中非血管性ED显著高于A测试(P<0.05).结论实时超声检测中联合应用ICI和AVSS可提高阴茎勃起反应,这种方法有助于提高超声评估阴茎海绵体血管功能的准确性.     

服用小剂量他达那非对动脉性勃起功能障碍患者临床疗效的观察

目的:观察服用小剂量磷酸二酯酶-5(PDE5)抑制剂他达那非对动脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的疗效。方法:对43例动脉性ED患者采用了疗程为4周的隔日小剂量(5 mg)晚餐后口服他达那非的用药方案,在治疗前后进行IIEF-5评分同时用彩色多普勒超声联合阴茎血管活性药物前列腺素(PGE-1)注射实验,检测阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速(PSV)。结果:经统计学分析,IIEF-5评分以及阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的PSV在治疗4周后有显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:口服小剂量他达那非能有效提高动脉性ED患者阴茎海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速,改善患者的勃起质量。     

声视觉性刺激联合多普勒超声在重度ED患者诊断中的价值

目的 采用自身前后对照探讨声视觉性刺激联合多普勒超声在重度勃起功能障碍(ED)患者诊断中的价值。方法 自2015年6月至2016年7月,在中南大学湘雅三医院泌尿外科门诊对以ED为主诉的患者进行筛选,采用国际勃起功能评分量表-5(IIEF-5)初筛,IIEF-5评分小于8分的重度ED患者纳入研究,共筛选出139例患者。采用自身对照方式,研究对象先后接受两次阴茎彩色多普勒超声检查。第一次检查仅阴茎海绵体注射前列腺素E1(A组),7 d后的第二次检查予以声视觉性刺激(AVSS)联合阴茎海绵体注射前列腺素E1(B组)。采集注射后第5、10、20 min的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期峰值流速(EDV)、血流阻力指数(RI)。结果 在第一期检测中(A组),共有117例患者被检测为血管性ED,包括54例动脉性ED、40例静脉性ED、23例混合性ED。在第二期检测中(B组),共有91例患者被检测为血管性ED,包括34例动脉性ED、30例静脉性ED、27例混合性ED。B组患者加入AVSS后需要的血管活性药物注射剂量与次数明显低于A组,同时发现AVSS联合ICI可以提高非血管性ED检出率,26例患者...     

小剂量他达拉非能改善动脉性勃起功能障碍

评价小剂量5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂他达拉非对动脉性勃起功能障碍的疗效.43例动脉性勃起功能障碍患者被要求连续4周内隔日于晚餐后服用5 mg他达拉非.所有患者均进行国际勃起功能指数5(IIEF-5)评分,并于海绵体内注射10μg前列腺素E1,然后通过彩色多普勒超声测量阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV).统计分析显示,他达拉非治疗后IIEF-5评分和PSV较基线水平均显著提高(P＜0.01).小剂量他达拉非能够显著改善海绵体动脉PSV,并因此改善动脉性ED患者的勃起功能.     

阴茎勃起不同时相的血流动力学分析

目的:比较阴茎勃起不同时相的海绵体动脉血流动力学,确定阴茎彩色多普勒超声检测的最佳时相。方法:对40例勃起功能正常的健康成年志愿者,以前列地尔注射液10μg进行阴茎海绵体内注射,同时给予视听觉刺激,之后30 min,动态监测双侧阴茎海绵体动脉血流,分别检测充盈期、胀大期、完全勃起期、坚挺期的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI),比较4个时相的PSV、EDV及RI。结果:40例受检者中14例只经历充盈期、胀大期、完全勃起期,未进入坚挺期。胀大期及完全勃起期PSV、RI均显著高于充盈期(P0.01),EDV均显著低于充盈期(P0.01);完全勃起期与胀大期PSV比较,无显著性差异(P0.05);完全勃起期与胀大期EDV、RI比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。26例达到坚挺期者完全勃起期与坚挺期比较PSV、EDV、RI,均具有显著性差异(P0.01)。同一时相左右两侧比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阴茎勃起过程中海绵体动脉血流呈现动态变化,在完全勃起期检测出的血流结果能更真实反映阴茎海绵体血管功能。     

中药振阳煎对动脉性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学的影响

目的:通过中药振阳煎对动脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者阴茎血流动力学的临床观察,探索对动脉性ED 患者有效的治疗方法。　方法:47例(40～49岁)动脉性ED患者,用中药振阳煎口服治疗1个月,治疗前后均采 用罂粟碱30mg+酚妥拉明1mg进行阴茎海绵体内注射(ICI),并运用双功能彩色多普勒超声检查治疗前后阴茎 左右海绵体动脉收缩期最大血流流率(PSV)。　结果:47例患者经中药振阳煎治疗后,左右两侧海绵体动脉PSV 明显改善(P<0.05)。　结论:中药振阳煎能明显改善动脉性ED患者的阴茎海绵体动脉血流,有效促进阴茎勃起。     

阴茎疲软状态下海绵体动脉收缩期最大流速对动脉性ED的预测作用初探

目的 探索阴茎疲软状态下海绵体动脉收缩期最大流速(peak systolic velocity,PSV)对动脉性ED的预测作用及具体预测值.方法 随机入组男科门诊ED患者337名,并对比疲软和勃起状态下的PSV.结果 入组患者中,有68名患者确诊为动脉性ED.该部分患者阴茎疲软状态下海绵体动脉PSV与勃起状态下PSV显著相关(P<0.01),接受者操作特性曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析显示,当疲软状态下PSV小于15cm/s时,预测勃起状态下PSV小于30cm/s的准确率为82%.通过对患者焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)的得分评估还发现,焦虑情绪会对勃起状态下PSV检测结果 产生影响(P<0.05),但不会对疲软状态下的PSV检测结果 产生影响.结论 初步结论 显示,阴茎疲软状态下海绵体动脉PSV对勃起状态下的PSV具有一定的预测意义,准确率可达82%.     

静脉性勃起功能障碍中阴茎静脉漏的彩色多普勒超声观察

目的 探讨静脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者阴茎静脉的血液动力学变化. 方法 静脉性ED患者32例,年龄26～63岁,平均41岁.病程6个月～10年,平均2.5年.采用前列腺素E1试验后行常规阴茎彩色多普勒超声检查,观察阴茎背深静脉、海绵体静脉、球静脉的超声表现,分析其与海绵体动脉阻力指数(RI)的相关性. 结果 32例患者诱发勃起前静脉内径(0.06±0.15)mm,血流速度(4.30+1.36)cm/s,诱发勃起5 min后阴茎静脉管径(1.23±0.30)mm,血液回流增多,血流速度(11.50+4.02)cm/s.阴茎背深静脉、海绵体静脉、球静脉流量与海绵体动脉RI的相关系数r分别为-0.55,-0.53,-0.24(P＜0.05).考虑存在混合性静脉漏因素的前提下,阴茎静脉流量与海绵体动脉RI的r为-0.88(P＜0.001). 结论 高频超声能清楚显示阴茎静脉漏部位,可初步判断静脉性ED患者的静脉漏部位及其程度.     

Age-matched cavernous peak systolic velocity: a highly sensitive parameter in the diagnosis of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction

Recently it has been reported that there is a strict correlation between erectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular diseases, but the importance of such relationship still needs to be addressed. Ultrasonographic peak systolic velocity (PSV), is considered a reliable parameter for the diagnosis of arteriogenic ED. However, the cut-off value of PSV<30 cm/s has sufficient sensitivity only in the diagnosis of advanced arteriogenic ED and it is not representative of peripheral vascular alterations. In the present study, we set up an age-adjustment of PSV - calculated with the formula PSV <6.73+age x 0.7 - that permits a more accurate diagnosis of vascular aetiology in ED patients and may predict the presence of carotid wall alterations. We studied 179 consecutive subjects (mean age 52 years, range 23-79 years), with a history of ED of at least 6 months, by means of penile colour doppler ultrasonography (P-CDU) and common carotid arteries colour doppler ultrasonography (CCA-CDU) between June 2003 and September 2004. Statistical analysis was carried out with the statistical software R. PSV and CCAD values showed a statistically significant negative correlation. Age adjustment further improved this relationship permitting to identify an age-dependent PSV cut-off given by the formula PSV <6.73+age x 0.7. The age-adjusted PSV cut-off allows an accurate interpretation of vascular aetiology in ED patients and predicts the presence of carotid wall alterations, from the intima-media pathologic thickness to the plaque formation, with high values of both sensitivity and specificity.     

彩色多普勒超声检查在血管性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨多普勒超声检查在诊断血管性勃起功能障碍 (ED)的临床价值。　方法 :应用多普勒超声检查阴茎药物诱导勃起前后的血液动力学改变 ,将非血管性ED病人与明确诊断血管性ED病人的多普勒超声变化进行对比 ,寻找血管性ED的特征。　结果 :动脉性ED病人深动脉的最大血流速度 (PSV)明显小于正常组 (P <0 .0 1) ;静脉性ED病人在阴茎完全勃起后背深静脉血流 (VV)仍大于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :配合药物诱导阴茎勃起 ,多普勒超声检查是临床上筛选血管性ED的有效手段     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断勃起功能障碍中的应用

用彩色多普勒超声血流显像配合阴茎海绵体内血管活性药物注射（ＩＣＩ）,观察３６例阴茎勃起功能障碍患者双侧阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰血流速度（ＰＳＶ）、舒张末期血流速度（ＥＤＶ）及阻力指数（ＲＩ）。结果表明：（１）１１例患者做ＩＣＩ前用彩色多普勒超声不能测出上述指标;（２）２５例在ＩＣＩ前测得ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ参数与３６例ＩＣＩ后ＰＳＶ、ＥＤＶ参数有显著性差异。本文并对多普勒超声在诊断血管性ＥＤ的价值及可能发生的误差进行讨论。     

Characteristics of erectile dysfunction in Saudi patients

We investigated the characteristics of erectile dysfunction (ED) in ambulatory Saudi patients. A total of 680 male patients were assessed for ED using IIEF. Patients were also interviewed for sociodemographic data, medical history and risk factors for ED. Assessment for penile vasculature using color Doppler ultrasonography and rigidometer was performed. In all, 21.4% of the patients with severe ED were <50 y and 78.6% of them were > or =50 y (P<0.001). Of the patients, 20% had psychogenic, while 80% had organic causes of ED. Of the patients, 10% had mild, 39.3% had moderate and 50.7% had severe ED. There was a significant association between increasing severity of ED and the presence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, increased BMI, increased values of EDV, decreased values of PSV, RI and rigidometer (P<0.001 for each). Moderate to severe ED is common among Saudi patients. This study provides a quantitative estimate of the characteristics of ED in ambulatory Saudi patients.     

Microalbuminuria and left ventricular function in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative assessment by stress echocardiography in the Myocardial Doppler in Diabetes (MYDID) Study III

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) function might be altered in type 2 diabetes (DM) and microalbuminuria (MA) may accentuate the abnormalities. We sought to investigate whether additional LV dysfunction could be unmasked using tissue Doppler (TVE)-enhanced dobutamine stress echocardiography (TVE-DSE) in patients with DM + MA. METHODS: Twenty seven DM subjects with MA, (DM + MA), 31 DM subjects without MA (DM - MA), and 13 Controls were evaluated using TVE-DSE. LV basal peak systolic (PSV), early (E') and late (A') diastolic velocities (cm/sec) at rest and peak stress were post-processed. LV filling pressure was assessed using E/E'ratio. RESULTS: PSV and E'velocity at peak stress in the respective three groups were 13.7 +/- 1.0, 10.1 +/- 1.1, 10.0 +/- 1.2 for PSV; and 10.0 +/- 1.6, 5.0 +/- 1.4, 4.8 +/- 1.4 for E' (p < 0.001 for controls vs. both groups). E/E' at rest was 7.9 +/- 0.7 in the controls, 10.8 +/- 2.4 in DM - MA, and 11.0 +/- 2.2 in DM + MA (p < 0.01 Controls vs. both the DM groups). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DM + MA do not have additional LV regional systolic and diastolic dysfunctions compared with DM -MA, as revealed by TVE-DSE, when controlled for glycemia levels, lipids, and treatment strategies.     

Different hemodynamic responses by color Doppler ultrasonography studies between sildenafil non-responders and responders

Aim： To determine if there are different penile hemodynamic patterns between sildenafil non-responders and responders by using color Doppler ultrasonography. Methods： A total of 69 erectile dysfunction （ED） patients aged 22-79 years were enrolled into the present study. Thirty-eight （55.1%） men with ED who did not respond to four attempts of treatment with 100 mg sildenafil after re-education were classified as sildenafil non-responders. A com- bination of three vasodilator drugs, 1.25 mg papaverine, 0.4 mg phentolamine and 5 ug prostaglandin E1, was given by intracavernous injection before penile Doppler ultrasonography was carried out. The erectile response to intracavernous injection and vascular parameters including peak systolic velocity （PSV）, resistance index （RI）, end diastolic velocity （EDV） and cavernosa artery diameter （CD） were measured and the results between sildenafil nonresponders and responders were compared. Results： No statistical difference in vascular parameters measured by Doppler ultrasonography studies between non-responders and responders was noted. Sildenafil non-responders had a poorer penile rigidity response to intracavernous injection than responders （P 〈 0.05）. Among patients with adequate PSV （〉 30 cm/s） and abnormal EDV （〉 5 cm/s）, individuals in the non-responder group had fewer positive responses to intracavernous vasodilator injection than in the responder group （35.3% vs. 72.2%, P 〈 0.05）. Advanced age and comorbidity with diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with sildenafil non-response （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Sildenafil non-responders were characterized by a poorer penile rigidity response to intracavernous injection and had an associated impaired veno-occlusive mechanism. Advanced age and comorbidity with diabetes mellitus were two common factors associated with non-response.     

Correlation between penile duplex findings and stress electrocardiography in men with erectile dysfunction

The aim of this work is to assess the association between vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) and coronary artery disease in men above the age of 40 y. The study included 40 patients above 40 y of age with vasculogenic ED of more than 3 months duration. A dynamic duplex study after intracavernosal injection of a bimix solution (60 mg papaverine + 2 mg phentolamine mesylate) was carried out using a color ultrasound machine. The patients underwent a stress ECG test, carried out on a motor-driven treadmill according to the 'Bruce Protocol'. A total of 12 patients were diagnosed with positive ischemic heart disease (IHD). Their mean peak systolic velocity (PSV) was PSV = 19.58 cm/s. In all, patients were diagnosed with negative IHD; their mean PSV was 36.21 cm/s. A statistically significant difference was observed between patients with positive IHD and patients with negative IHD regarding PSV (P = 0.003). The sensitivity of a PSV of less than 35 cm/s in predicting IHD was 50% with a specificity of 100%. Positive predictive value for abnormal stress ECG to predict a PSV of less than 35 cm/s was 100%. In conclusion, the PSV of cavernosal arteries is a reliable measure for predicting IHD in patients with vasculogenic ED. Patients with a PSV of less than 35 cm/s should be referred for cardiologic assessment as they carry a real risk of having silent IHD.     

选择不同剂量他达拉非治疗ED的临床标准初步探索

目的:本文通过观察不同剂量他达拉非(希爱力)对于勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的治疗效果,探索他达拉非剂量与阴茎血流彩色多普勒参数之间的关系。方法:对136例ED患者在治疗前后进行IIEF-5评分同时用彩色多普勒超声联合阴茎血管活性药物前列腺素(PGE1)注射试验,检测阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速(PSV)。根据治疗前不同的PSV值,随机分为4组,采用了疗程为4周的隔日晚餐后口服不同剂量他达那非的用药方案。A组:PSV>15 cm/s,选择10 mg剂量;B组:PSV>15 cm/s,选择5 mg剂量;C组:PSV<15 cm/s,选择10 mg剂量;D组:PSV<15 cm/s,选择5 mg剂量。结果:治疗4周后,经统计学分析,4组IIEF-5评分以及阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的PSV与治疗前相比均有显著提高(P<0.01)。而且治疗4周后,A组与B组IIEF-5评分以及阴茎双侧海绵体动脉的PSV之间没有明显差异;C组却显著高于D组(P<0.01)。结论:隔日口服不同剂量的他达那非均能有效提高ED患者阴茎海绵体动脉的收缩期最大流速,改善患者的勃起质量。PSV>15 cm/s的ED患者可选择小剂量5 mg隔日;PSV<15 cm/s的ED患者尽量选择较大剂量10 mg隔日,以取得更好的疗效。     

Diabetes and vascular impotence: does insulin dependence increase the relative severity?

AIM OF THE STUDY: Diabetes is a well documented risk factor for vascular erectile dysfunction (ED). We evaluated the relative roles of insulin dependence (IDDM) vs oral agent controlled diabetes (NIDDM) in predicting the etiologies and severity of ED: arterial insufficiency (AI), venous leakage (CVOD), and mixed vascular disease. The impact of additional risk factors were also analyzed: hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), and smoking (SM). METHODS: Retrospective data on 105 patients complaining of impotence who underwent pharmacotesting with PGE1 (Caverject) and color duplex Doppler was reviewed. Penile blood flow study (PBFS) data following a period of privacy and self-stimulation was compared. PBFS diagnostic criteria were: AI for peak systolic velocity (PSV) < 25 cm/s; CVOD for PSV > or = 35 cm/s and resistive index (RI) < 0.9; mixed vascular disease for PSV > or = 25 cm/s, PSV < 35 cm/s and RI > 0.9. Consistent dosing of PGE1 was used; 6 mcg for age < 60 y and 10 mcg for age > or = 60 y. Patients were NIDDM (79 out of 105) and IDDM (26 out of 105). Mean ages for NIDDM and IDDM were respectively 60, and 55 y. The relative significance of insulin dependence was assessed by Student's t-test. RESULTS: The most common etiology of ED was arterial insufficiency: mean PSV's did not significantly vary and were: 23.5 cm/s for NIDDM, and 21.6 cm/s for IDDM. PBFS parameters did not vary significantly for the risk factors of SM or HTN and diabetes. Mean peak systolic velocities were significantly different among diabetics with coronary artery disease: NIDDM/CAD, 22.9 cm/s compared to IDDM/CAD, 14.8 cm/s (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: We found among the 105 diabetics the most common etiology of vascular ED based on Doppler criteria was arterial insufficiency, 64%. Statistical analysis of additional risk factors (SM, HTN, CAD) suggested that patients with IDDM and CAD have more severe cavernosal arterial insufficiency than patients with NIDDM and CAD. This data tends to support the theory that microangiopathy is the predominant factor in diabetic impotence, and that insulin dependent diabetes with 'large vessel' coronary heart disease have a similar pathology in the 'small vessels' regulating penile inflow which is unfortunately worse than their non-insulin dependent counterparts.     

Is there a concordance between carotid and penile cavernosal artery intima-media thickness in patients with erectile dysfunction?

This study aimed to investigate the predictive accuracy of carotid and cavernosal Doppler ultrasound findings for discriminating patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). Fifty patients with complaints of ED were included. B-mode ultrasound of bilateral carotid arteries were performed and peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and intima-media thickness (IMT) values were measured. Afterwards, corresponding values of cavernosal arteries were obtained by penile color duplex ultrasonography (P-CDU). Of total 50 patients, 29 (58%) were included in vasculogenic ED group and 21 (42%) in non-vasculogenic ED group according to P-CDU findings. There was a significant difference between groups for cavernosal IMT (P=0.012) but not for carotid IMT (P=0.601). When patients were reclassified according to carotid IMT values (IMT of the first group <0.9?mm and the second ≥0.9?mm), carotid PSV and EDV values were different (P=0.033 and 0.018, respectively). Cavernosal PSV and EDV displayed no difference (P=0.816 and 0.123) while cavernosal IMT and percent change of cavernosal caliper were significantly different (P=0.014 and 0.018). Carotid PSV and EDV successfully mirrored respective measurements in cavernosal artery. However, carotid IMT failed to demonstrate such a correlation. Cavernosal IMT seems promising as an additional tool in the evaluation of cavernosal function.