微创Mckeown食管癌切除术学习曲线分析

目的探讨微创Mckeown食管癌切除术学习曲线。方法 50例微创Mckeown食管癌切除术患者按手术施行时间分为5组,每组10例。比较各组手术效果、肿瘤T分期、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数、术后并发症发生率及术后住院时间。结果 A、B组比C、D、E组T1~2多,T3少。D、E组手术时间明显短于A、B、C组(P0.05)。C、D、E组术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数和术后住院时间明显少于、短于A、B组(P0.05)。结论微创Mckeown食管癌切除手术的学习曲线约为30例。     

微创Mckeown食管癌切除术206例临床分析

目的探讨微创Mckeown食管癌切除术的可行性、安全性和近期疗效。方法回顾分析2012年9月至2014年6月成功完成微创Mckeown食管癌切除术的206例患者的临床资料。分析患者的临床特征、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数及术后并发症情况。结果 206例患者均成功行微创Mckeown食管癌切除术。手术时间170~290 min,平均(228.2±56.0)min;术中平均出血(113.6±148.3)ml。平均清扫淋巴结(18.9±9.1)枚,ICU住院时间平均(2.1±1.4)d,平均住院(10.3±5.8)d。200例患者行R0切除;2例R1切除;4例R2切除。结论微创Mckeown食管癌切除术在技术上安全可行,近期疗效好。     

不同学习曲线下腹腔镜胃癌根治术疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胃癌根治术不同学习曲线阶段中遇到的问题和对策.方法 对 2008年1月～12月收治的 32例（A组）和2009年1月～10月收治的35例（B组）腹腔镜下胃癌根治术患者进行回顾分析,对比总结不同学习曲线腹腔镜下胃癌根治术疗效.所有患者按照D2 根治术式,均于上腹部做辅助小切口行病灶移除及消化道重建.将两组患者中转开腹率、手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、淋巴结清扫数量、术后住院时间、手术并发症发生率等进行对比,并进行统计学分析.结果 A组成功行腹腔镜下 D2 根治术23例,B组成功行腹腔镜下 D2 根治术33例. A组中转开腹率、术中出血量、手术时间、胃肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间各项指标明显高于B组（ P〈0.05）;A组淋巴结清扫数量明显少于B组;A组手术并发症发生率高于B组（ P〈0.05）.结论 不同学习曲线对腹腔镜胃癌根治术疗效具有明显影响.腹腔镜胃癌根治术并发症的发生主要与手术者腹腔镜操作技术及腹腔镜器械使用的熟练程度有关.     

选择性淋巴结清扫术治疗早期食管癌的效果

目的 探讨治疗早期食管癌采取选择性淋巴结清扫术的临床疗效。方法 选取2016年5月至2019年6月南阳市中心医院收治的450例早期食管癌患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为A组和B组,每组225例。A组给予选择性淋巴结清扫术,B组给予系统性淋巴结清扫术。观察比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果 A组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后胸腔引流时间以及住院时间明显短于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05); A组患者并发症发生率(10. 2%,23/225)低于B组(17. 8%,40/225),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5. 334,P 0. 05)。结论 治疗早期食管癌患者采取选择性淋巴结清扫术临床疗效好,可减少住院时间及并发症,促进患者恢复。     

十二指肠下曲右Toldt筋膜间隙入路并左手控制技术在右半结肠切除术中淋巴结清扫的应用研究

目的:探讨十二指肠下曲右Toldt筋膜间隙入路并左手控制技术在右半结肠切除术中淋巴结清扫的临床应用价值.方法:154例右半结肠癌手术患者,随机分为两组,其中78例采用十二指肠下曲右Toldt筋膜间隙入路左手控制技术,同期使用常规手术方法的76例患者(对照组),其中C2期患者观察组18例,对照组11例,比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,住院时间和淋巴结清扫数量.结果:观察组在胃结干结肠支及结肠中血管操作时间及出血量较对照组手术时间(P＜0.05)和术中出血量(P＜0.01)明显减少,Dukes C2期患者第3站淋巴结清扫个数增加(P＜0.05),第3站阳性淋巴结数增加(P＜0.05),而术后并发症发生率和住院时间无差异(P＞0.05).结论:应用十二指肠下曲右Toldt筋膜间隙入路行左手控制技术进行右半结肠切除可提高手术根治性,显著缩短手术时间、减少出血量.     

三种术式治疗中下段食管癌的疗效及术后机体应激指标变化的比较

[目的]观察比较三种术式治疗中下段食管癌的疗效及术后机体应激指标变化.[方法]80例中下段食管癌患者根据手术切口不同分为三组,A组25例行左胸单切口手术,B组28例行右胸+上腹部切口手术,C组27例行左颈部、右胸、腹正中切口手术,观察比较三组患者围手术期指标和淋巴结清扫数目,比较术前和术后患者血白细胞计数(WBC)、血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇变化,术后并发症及1年复发率.[结果]B组和C组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血量、留置引流管时间和淋巴结清扫数目均明显高于A组,且C组明显高于B组,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05).C组患者CRP和皮质醇显著高于A组和B组(P<0.05),而三组患者WBC、FT3、FT4和术后并发症发生率相比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05).A组1年复发率明显高于B组和C组(P<0.05).[结论]三种食管癌切除术各有特点,需要综合考虑患者病情和自身条件来选择手术方式.     

胸腔镜食管癌切除术与开胸手术疗效比较

目的探讨胸腔镜下行食管癌切除术疗效及可行性。方法术前判断分期T3N1M0以下食管癌患者100例,随机分为胸腔镜组42例于胸腔镜下行食管癌切除术,开胸组58例行常规开胸手术。比较2组清扫淋巴结数、胸部出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、术后人均镇痛次数、术后第1天胸腔引流量、术后并发症发生率及围术期病死率、3a生存率。结果胸腔镜组1例因术中发现肿瘤侵及周围器官中转行开胸手术。2组清扫淋巴结数目、吻合口瘘及切缘癌残留发生率、围手术期病死率、3a生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,胸部出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、术后人均镇痛次数、术后第1天胸腔引流量、术后并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论胸腔镜下行食管癌切除术安全、有效,且创伤小、术后恢复快。     

胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术治疗食管癌的疗效观察

目的探讨和评价胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术治疗食管癌的临床应用价值及其安全性。方法回顾性分析2010年4月—2012年4月由同一组医师完成的60例行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术的食管癌患者,其中30例食管癌患者(A组)行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术,另30例食管癌患者(B组)行传统的外科手术。比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症情况、术后肛门排气时间以及住院时间指标。结果与传统的手术组相比,行胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术的患者的手术时间明显升高,但术中出血量、住院时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症率下降明显,淋巴结清除数目无统计学差异。结论胸腹腔镜联合食管癌根治术治疗食管癌具有出血少、恢复快、手术安全、微创等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

微创Ivor-Lewis术与微创Mckeown术治疗中段食管癌的效果比较

目的探讨微创Ivor-Lewis术及微创Mckeown术在中段食管癌根治手术中,两种微创术式的优越性及局限性。方法回顾性分析距门齿25~30 cm范围内的中段食管癌患者,根据微创手术方式,分为微创Ivor-Lewis术组及微创Mckeown术组。两组分别随机抽取65例患者的病历资料,从食管残端癌残留、纵隔区域淋巴结清扫等手术相关技术指标和术后手术并发症方面分析比较。结果术后病理显示,两组食管残端阳性率均为0。微创Mckeown术组与微创Ivor-Lewis术组比较:手术时间分别为(290.12±43.56)min、(270.50±40.26)min,P0.05;术后吻合口瘘发生率分别为15.38%(10/65)和3.07%(2/65),P0.05;左喉返神经链淋巴结分别为(4.64±3.56)枚、(3.38±2.21)枚,P0.05,术后住院时间分别为(17.4±4.3)d和(15.5±4.8)d,P0.05;术后住院费用分别为(5.9±0.8)万元比(5.5±0.9)万元,P0.05。结论微创Ivor-Lewis术及微创Mckeown术均是中段食管癌根治手术的可选术式,临床上可根据食管肿瘤的分期、术者的习惯、技术特点做不同选择。     

不同入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床效果及安全性研究

目的：探究不同入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床效果及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2017年6月至2020年6月就诊的82例子宫内膜癌患者的临床资料，依据手术入路方法不同分为A组（经腹膜入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术）和B组（经腹膜外入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术）各41例。对比两组围术期指标、术后并发症发生率、预后情况。结果：A组术中出血量多于B组，手术时间、引流管拔除时间、住院时间均长于B组，腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫数少于B组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。A组术后并发症发生率为21.95%，高于B组的4.88%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。A组盆腔淋巴结转移率为9.76%、无瘤生存率为85.37%、总生存率为90.24%，B组盆腔淋巴结转移率为4.88%、无瘤生存率为87.80%、总生存率为92.68%，但两组间对比，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：经腹膜入路与经腹膜外入路腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术均可有效治疗子宫内膜癌，但后者在子宫内膜癌患者治疗中创伤较小，术中出血量少，引流管拔除时间及住院时间均较短，且淋巴结清扫数量多，可大大降低术后复发风险，并发症少，安全性更高。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.