健康教育在小儿手足口病感染防控护理中的应用研究

目的探讨加强健康教育在小儿手足口病感染防控护理中的应用效果。方法本院2013年2月~2014年2月共接收手足口病患儿120例,将其随机分成观察组与对照组,对照组患儿实行常规性的护理,而观察组患儿在常规护理基础上予以加强健康教育,并对2组患儿的护理效果、皮疹消退时间、痊愈时间进行比较。结果观察组的总有效率(96.7%)高于对照组(86.7%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的皮疹消退时间与疾病痊愈时间均明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对小儿手足口病患者进行护理中加强健康教育,对降低手足口疾病的发病率、缩短治疗的时间极为有利,值得推广应用。     

循证护理干预在手足口病重症患儿早期预警中的应用

目的:探讨循证护理在手足口病(HFMD)重症患儿早期预警中的应用效果。方法:将124例HFMD危重患儿随机分为对照组和实验组各62例,对照组采取常规护理,实验组采用护理干预,评定两组常见临床症状改善时间及临床治疗效果。结果:实验组热退时间,皮疹、疱疹消退时间,痊愈时间均短于对照组(P0.05);两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:循证护理在早期预警HFMD的重症患儿中具有不可替代的作用。     

舒适护理模式配合健康教育在小儿手足口病感染防控护理中的应用研究

目的:探讨小儿手足口病感染防控护理中应用舒适护理模式配合健康教育的效果。方法:选择本院收治的60例手足口病患儿,所有患者均于2017年1月至2017年12月在本院接受治疗,随机分为研究组(n=30)和常规组(n=30)。常规组接受常规护理,研究组接受舒适护理配合健康教育,观察两组护理效果。结果:研究组皮疹消退时间、痊愈时间、住院时间均显著短于常规组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率96.7%,显著高于常规组的83.3%(P<0.05)。研究组皮肤疱疹、发热、睡眠易惊、四肢抖动发生率均显著低于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:针对小儿手足口病患儿开展舒适护理配合健康教育效果显著,其能够显著缩短患儿康复时间,减少患儿临床症状。     

个性护理联合健康宣教运用在小儿手足口病感染防控中的临床效果

目的 探讨个性化护理与健康宣教联合作用于小儿手足口病中的护理效果。方法 选取 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 4 月我院收治的 69 名小儿手足口病患儿为研究对象,随机分为对照组（33 例） 和实验组（36 例）。对照组实施常规护理,而试验组实施个性化护理及健康宣教。观测治疗效果, 症状改善及体温恢复正常的时间,家属疾病认知情况和护理满意度。结果 实验组治疗有效率高 于对照组（P>0.05）。实验组患者的康复时间快于对照组 P<0.05）。实验组家属的疾病认知率和 护理满意率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 在小儿手足口病的治疗中配合个性化护理和健康宣 教可加快患儿的治疗进程,并通过提升家属认知水平达到防控疾病的效果。     

手足口病患儿临床护理路径的应用效果研究

目的探讨临床护理路径对手足口病患儿的临床效果。方法选取手足口病患儿81例,随机分为对照组39例给予常规护理,观察组42例按照临床路径进行护理。结果观察组患者退热时间、皮疹消退时间、溃疡消退时间、水疱结痂时间以及住院时间均优于对照组,观察组高热≥3 d、四肢无力、烦躁嗜睡、呕吐、惊厥以及胸闷发生率均少于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论临床路径用于手足口病患儿的临床护理,可以有效调动患儿家长的能动性,减轻患儿的痛苦,缩短患儿治疗时间。     

个性化护理联合健康教育在小儿手足口病感染预防控制中的应用

[目的]观察个性化护理联合健康教育在小儿手足口病感染预防控制中的应用效果。[方法]选取2017年1月—2018年1月医院小儿传染病科收治的123例小儿手足口病感染患儿为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组60例和观察组63例,对照组采用个性化护理,观察组采用个性化护理联合健康教育,比较两组患儿的效果。[结果]123例HFMD患儿中合计阳性率86.18%。观察组退热时间、肢体抖动时间、头痛呕吐时间、住院时间、并发症发生均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组痊愈率、护理有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。[结论]个性化护理联合健康教育应用于小儿手足口病感染预防控制中有助于提高治愈率,降低并发症发生率,缩短患儿临床症状改善时间与住院时间,改善患儿焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪对患儿的不良影响。     

个性化护理配合健康教育在小儿手足口病感染防控护理中的应用价值分析

目的 研究小儿手足口病感染防控中行个性化护理加健康教育的效果。方法 本院 2019 年 5 月至 2021 年 5 月收治的 96 例手足口病患儿随机分为传统组和联用组，每组各 48 例。传统组实 施传统护理，联用组实施个性化护理加健康教育。观察临床指标，护理效果，家长疾病知识知晓 度和并发症。结果 与传统组比较，联用组体温恢复、皮疹消退、疾病治愈及住院时间更短（P<0.05）。 联用组护理有效率和疾病知识知晓率高于传统组（P<0.05）。传统组和联用组并发症率分别为 20.83%和 6.25%（P<0.05）。结论 个性化护理加健康教育用于小儿手足口病感染防控中可减缓不 适症状、提高护理效果，减少并发症。     

个性化护理联合健康教育对小儿手足口病感染防控的影响

目的 探究在小儿手足口病感染防控中联合应用个性化护理和健康教育的效果。方法 选择 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 3 月期 间于我院就诊的手足口病患儿 108 例作为研究对象。以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各 54 例。对照组实施常规护 理;观察组实施个性化护理联合健康教育。观察两组患儿家属干预前后的疾病相关健康知识掌握情况,家属的卫生习惯情况, 患儿病情的好转时间和患儿家属的护理满意度。结果 干预前,两组患儿家属的疾病相关知识掌握情况、卫生习惯的评分均无 统计学意义（P＞0.05）。干预后,两组的健康知识掌握情况和卫生习惯的评分均显著提高（P＜0.05）,并且观察组的健康知 识掌握情况和卫生习惯的评分明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组患儿的疾病好转时间均明显短于对照组。观察组的护理的满 意度明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 个性化护理联合健康教育用于小儿手足口病感染防控中,能促进患儿家属对疾病相关 健康知识的掌握,改善家属的卫生习惯,促进患儿病情好转,提升家属对护理的满意度。     

小儿手足口病的护理及健康教育

[目的]探讨小儿手足口病的护理及健康教育方法。[方法]选取我院收治的小儿手足口病病人360例,密切观察病情加强患儿的基础护理、心理护理、饮食护理、并发症护理,加强健康教育。[结果]360例患儿中348例治愈出院,皮疹消退时间为3.25d±1.25d,治愈时间724.00d±1.29d,12例转上级医院治疗,无院内感染和死亡病例发生。[结论]对小儿手足口病病人精心护理和加强健康教育可提高本病治愈率,对预防疫情蔓延具有重要临床意义。     

中西医结合护理小儿手足口病继发脑膜炎临床效果研究

目的:研究中西医结合护理小儿手足口病继发脑膜炎的临床效果。方法:选取2018年5月～2019年5月收治的120例小儿手足口病继发脑膜炎患儿,以随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各60例。对照组给予西医护理,观察组实施中西医结合护理。比较两组护理效果。结果:观察组疱疹消退时间、退热时间、呕吐消失时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);护理后,观察组加拿大神经功能评分量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小儿手足口病继发脑膜炎采用中西医结合护理,可快速改善患儿各项症状及中枢神经功能。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.

     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

通用设计原则与产品研发策略

本文介绍了通用设计的概念和设计原则,并阐述了根据此原则实施通用设计的产品研发策略。通用设计惠及的不仅是残疾人,也惠及了包括普通公众在内的广泛人群,以及企业。应将通用设计的原理应融入政府相关政策和未来发展的规划中,为残疾人以及更多人群提供合理便利的通用设计产品。     

胃癌DNA含量与E-cad、EGFR表达的关系及其意义

目的　探讨胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR表达的关系 ,评价其在浸润、转移潜能及预后判断中的作用。方法　应用图像分析仪及SP免疫组化法检测 30例正常胃黏膜上皮、30例不典型增生和 5 0例胃癌组织DNA含量与E cad、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果　①正常胃黏膜上皮、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌组的DI、PI、S %、>5c %逐渐增高 ,与胃癌分期、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。②E cad在正常胃黏膜上皮阳性表达率 10 0 % ,EGFR呈阴性表达 ;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级不典型增生及胃癌E cad阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,EGFR的阳性表达率逐渐升高 ,且差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;E cad表达减弱、EGFR表达升高与胃癌分化差、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 0 1)。③E cad表达阴性的胃癌DNA指数及EGFR表达水平显著高于E cad阳性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测DNA含量及E cad、EGFR蛋白表达有助于胃癌的早期诊断及转移潜能和预后的判断。     

Quality and suitability of antimicrobial discs: theoretical and practical sources of error and variability

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of antimicrobial discs remains one of the main methods for assessing antibiotic activity. Most discs are made to one of three main standards (FDA, WHO, DIN); these all describe an assay method for assessing the quality of discs using a linear method. Theory predicts a curved relationship, and this is backed up in many cases in practice. In such cases, the assays are potentially invalid. Other sources of uncertainty arising from the manufacturing processes employed are also discussed.

Areas covered: This includes error arising from applying FDA, WHO, and DIN standards, the manufacturing techniques employed, and variation in the materials used in production. The need for a specification that relates directly to the use of the discs is also discussed.

Expert opinion: Manufactured discs, some of which may be out of specification due to curvature and other sources of error, have been used to establish quality zone sizes. Quality zone sizes have then been used to measure the quality of discs. This circular quality system where there is no quantitative check is potentially unsafe. In the many decades of their use, there has been no comprehensive check on the quality of manufactured discs using quantitative, validated assays.