糖尿病心脏自主神经病变的相关分析及心率变异性意义

糖尿病心脏自主神经病变(CAN)是由于支配心脏和血管的自主神经纤维受损导致心率控制和血管动力学异常,是糖尿病的慢性并发症,起病隐匿,可长时间无临床症状,也最易被患者和医师忽视,而出现严重后果。有关资料报道DM伴心脏自主神经病变的患者中,无痛性心肌梗死、恶性心律失常、心脏性猝死的发生率明显增加[1]。     

抑郁症对老年2型糖尿病患者心率变异性的影响

目的 探讨抑郁症对老年2型糖尿病患者心率变异性的影响.方法 对70例老年2型糖尿病患者进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)测定及动态心电图测定,分为糖尿病合并抑郁症组(研究组)30例,糖尿病不合并抑郁症组(对照组)40例,比较两组患者动态心电图检查中心率变异性的变化.结果 研究组与对照组正常窦性R-R间期总体标准差分别为(81.97±11.63)ms和(111.82±14.11)ms、24 h每5 min窦性R-R间期均值标准差分别为(76.17±14.07) ms和(102.34±16.56) ms、正常连续窦性R-R间期差值均方根分别为(14.67±5.42) ms和(20.13±8.34) ms、相邻R-R间期差值＞50 ms的个数所占的百分比分别为4.65％±2.43％和7.32％±3.15％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 研究组心率变异性较对照组降低,表明抑郁症增加老年2型糖尿病患者自主神经功能损害.     

皮肤交感反应与2型糖尿病自主神经病变相关性研究

目的 探讨皮肤交感反应(sympathetic skin response,SSR)对2型糖尿病自主神经病变的诊断价值.方法 对111例2型糖尿病患者及30例健康体检者进行SSR及神经传导速度测定,检测糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbAlc)等多项生化指标,同时分析与SSR异常有关的因素.结果 与对照组比较,病例组SSR潜伏期延长,波幅降低(P＜0.05).与病程＜5年组比较,5～10年组、病程≥10年组上肢SSR潜伏期延长(P＜0.05),而波幅变化无统计学差异(P＞0.05).各不同病程组间SSR异常率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).周围神经病变组SSR异常率高于无周围神经病变组(P＜0.05),自主神经症状的有无对SSR异常率无影响(P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,HbAlc是2型糖尿病患者SSR异常的相关因素.结论 SSR可早期发现糖尿病患者自主神经功能损害,HbAlc是2型糖尿病患者SSR异常的相关因素.     

大剂量甲钴胺对糖尿病患者心率变异性影响的评价

目的：评价应用大剂量甲钴胺对糖尿病患者心率变异性的影响。方法：收集糖尿病患者64例,分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者静脉注射甲钴胺1mg,每天2次,连用2周后改为口服0．5mg,每天3次。总疗程为4周。运用24h动态心电图检测所有患者在治疗前后心率变异性指标的变化,明确甲钴胺治疗糖尿病心脏自主神经病变的疗效。结果：治疗组心率变异性各项指标治疗4周后较治疗前有显著提高,自主神经症状明显好转,与对照组比有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：甲钴胺治疗糖尿病心脏自主神经病变的疗效显著,可以改善患者的心率变异性。     

2型糖尿病患者血清游离脂肪酸与心血管自主神经病变的相关性研究

目的分析2型糖尿病患者实验室检查及心血管自主神经病变情况,探讨血清游离脂肪酸与血管自主神经病变的关系。方法选取2型DM合并心血管自主神经病变患者20例为观察组,20例未合并心血管自主神经病变的DM患者为单纯DM组,20例健康志愿者为对照组,检测并比较血糖、血脂指标,FFA及心脏自主神经功能。结果观察组年龄显著高于其他2组,单纯DM组和观察组FPG、HbA1C、TG、TC、LDL-C显著高于对照组,HDL-C显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组血清FFA高于单纯DM组(P0.05),单纯DM组显著高于对照组(P0.01)。单纯DM组及观察组深呼吸心率差、Valsalva指数及握拳舒张压差均显著低于对照组,立卧位收缩压差显著高于对照组,且与单纯DM组比较,观察组上述指标变化更显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组FFA与HbA1C、FPG、TG、LDL-C呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(r=0.72、0.63、0.40、0.51、-0.43,P0.05)。FFA与心血管自主神经功能参数深呼吸心率差及Valsalva指数呈显著负相关(r=-0.54、0.65,P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病患者血清游离脂肪酸与血糖、血脂及血管自主神经病变存在密切关系。     

自主神经功能心率变异性与急性脑外伤的相关研究

目的 利用心率变异性(heart rate variability.HRV)作为判断自主神经活动的定量指标,分析脑外伤患者伤后自主神经活动功能情况.方法 采用的指标包括SDNN、SDANN、SDNN Index、RMSSD、HRV Triangular Index、TINN、PNN50、SDSD、NN间期直方图、NN问期差值直方图.结果 经本研究显示中、重度脑外伤患者存在明显的自主神经活动功能障碍,轻度脑外伤自主神经活动功能障碍不明显,为临床早期诊断脑外伤病人自主神经功能异常,预测病人预后,以及尽早实施临床治疗提供理论依据.结论 本研究提示中、重TBI患者存在明显的ANS功能障碍,脑外伤是影响STBI患者心脏血管自主神经活性的主要因素.结果 表明中、重TBI病人HRV分析指标明显低于对照组,且与预后转归有关,可作为中、重TBI病人预测其预后的重要指标.     

糖尿病自主神经病变临床分析

目的探讨糖尿病自主神经病变与脑血管病变、血糖、糖尿病肾病病变关系。方法测定65例糖尿病患者的心率变异性，据此将患者分为自主神经病变组20例和无自主神经病变组45例，2组患者均接受经颅多谱勒检查，并检验糖化血红蛋白、高敏CRP和尿微量白蛋白。结果自主神经病变组脑血管顺应性下降，脑血流减慢，血糖、尿微量白蛋白及高敏CRP升高。结论糖尿病自主神经病变与血糖控制有关，与炎症和糖尿病肾病相关，可能是促进糖尿病脑血管病变的危险因素之一。     

动态心电图在2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能评价中的应用价值研究

目的探讨动态心电图在2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能评价中的临床应用价值。方法选择我院2013-05—2014-05间收治的2型糖尿病患者120例为研究对象,并根据传统心血管自主神经功能测定结果分为A组(自主神经损伤)62例和B组(自主神经正常)58例,采用动态心电图对心脏变时功能不全、心率变异(HRV)及心率震荡(HRT)等指标进行检查分析,评定该检查方法的临床应用价值。结果 (1)A组与B组的平均心率无明显差异(P0.05)。但A组的最快心率明显低于B组,最慢心率明显高于B组,2组差值以A组更低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)A组的SDNN、SDANN、rMMSD等HRV指标均显著低于B组,而HRT指标中的震荡斜率(TS)也显著低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。但2组间的震荡初始(TO)值则无明显差异(P0.05)。结论采用动态心电图记录心脏变时性功能不全指标以及心率变异(HRV)、心率震荡(HRT)指标可准确评价2型糖尿病患者的心脏自主神经功能,具有一定的诊断价值,值得临床推广使用。     

焦虑症与心率变异性的相关研究

焦虑症不仅有焦虑、紧张、恐惧等情绪障碍,而且还伴有自主神经系统的症状,临床发现许多焦虑症患者以心脏自主神经系统功能紊乱症状最为突出。本文对广泛性焦虑障碍和惊恐障碍患者的心脏自主神经紊乱的临床症状、发病机制与心率变异性这一指标的相关研究进行综述。     

心率变异性指标在急性脊髓损伤患者自主神经功能中的评估价值

目的应用心率变异性(HRV)评价急性脊髓损伤(SCI)后自主神经功能(ANS)。方法纳入符合标准的46例SCI的患者,根据其SCI的平面分为高位损伤(C_1～T_5)组和低位损伤组(T_6～T_(12))组。高位损伤组24例,其中新入院12例,康复训练后12例;低位损伤组22例,其中新入院11例,康复训练后11例。另根据美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)残损分级再次对患者进行分组,将其分为完全性SCI组和不完全性SCI组。其中完全性SCI组19例(新入院10例,康复训练后9例);不完全性SCI组27例(新入院13例,综合康复训练后14例)。收集新入院患者(受伤3～7 d)、康复训练后(康复训练3周,受伤后27～33 d)24 h动态心电图,分析指标:高频功率(HF)、低频功率(LF)、LF/HF、超过50 ms的个数占总(PNN50)、差值均方的平方根(rMSSD)、均值标准差(SDANN)。结果新入院患者中,高位损伤组较低位损伤组LF/HF下降显著,高频指标增高更显著,完全性SCI组与不完全SCI组伤相比,HRV无论高频部分还是低频部分都不同程度降低(P0.05);康复训练后高位损伤组与低位损伤组相比,LF/HF显著降低;完全性SCI组与不完全性SCI组相比,HRV无论高频部分还是低频部分不同程度降低;康复训练后与新入院对比,高位损伤组SDANN显著升高,不完全性SCI组SDANN显著升高,但其他各项指标变化不显著。结论急性期SCI损伤的平面越高,损伤程度越严重,此时患者自主神经系统受损越发严重;伤后1个月时完全性SCI自主神经功能恢复较差,而损伤平面较高的患者难达到交感迷走平衡,损伤平面高的患者较损伤平面低的患者副交感神经更占优势,不完全性SCI患者自主神经恢复优于较完全性SCI患者。     

Impact of physical activity on heart rate variability in children with type 1 diabetes

Objective Children with type 1 diabetes are usually associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The present study explored the influence of physical activity on their autonomic nervous function by measuring the heart rate variability (HRV). Materials and methods A total of 93 type 1 diabetic children and 107 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) was adopted to determine the physical activity level as low, moderate, or high activity. HRV was determined by frequency analysis and measured in both resting and active states. Results Children with type 1 diabetes had significantly lower HRV than that of healthy control subjects in resting state but not in active state. The decreased HRV in diabetic children was observed only in subjects with low physical activity. The HRV in diabetic children with moderate to high physical activity, however, was not different from that of their healthy controls. Conclusions Diabetic children should be encouraged to engage in physical activity with more intensity, which can benefit their autonomic nervous function. Nevertheless, the potential risk of vigorous activity still needs our concern.     

癫癎患者发作间期心血管自主神经功能与心率变异性

目的　探讨癫　患者发作间期心血管自主神经功能与心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）的变化。方法　５１例癫　患者根据标准心血管自主神经功能试验结果分为阳性（ＡＮＦＴ＋）组及阴性（ＡＮＦＴ－）组,与正常对照组３６例对比,进行ＨＲＶ分析。结果　癫　患者发作间期心血管自主神经功能异常率为４５．１％,且病程越长异常率越高。癫　患者在ＨＲＶ时域分析及非线性定量分析指标上均较对照组降低,且以　ＡＮＦＴ＋组患者最明显。ＨＲＶ直方图、散点图亦有特征性改变,以ＡＮＦＴ＋组患者最为显著。结论　癫　患者发作间期心血管自主神经功能存在紊乱现象,这种现象可能与癫　患者的猝死发生有关,ＨＲＶ是测定这一变化的敏感方法。     

Decreased heart rate variability may predict the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes

Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic function, can predict survival outcomes. Cardiovascular disease is a known complication of diabetes, and we aimed to determine if autonomic dysfunction was associated with carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques in type 2 diabetic patients. We assessed frequency domain HRV from power spectral analysis of 24 h Holter ECG recordings, expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio during deep breathing, acceleration index (AI) of R–R interval in response to head-up tilt, and the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis in 61 type-2 diabetic patients (39 males, 45–69 years). Studies were carried out 5–6 years after diagnosis (baseline) and repeated 8 years after diagnosis (follow-up). At baseline, patients diagnosed with autonomic neuropathy, with abnormal E/I ratio and abnormal AI measurements, had decreased low frequency (LF) HRV. Baseline E/I ratio correlated with day (r = 0.34; P < 0.001) and night-time (r = 0.44; P < 0.001) LF power. Night-time HRV did not differ in patient with and without autonomic neuropathy. Reduced common carotid artery diameter and atherosclerotic intima-media thickness (IMT) both correlated with HRV at baseline. At follow-up, all HRV variables decreased significantly. Furthermore, patients with lower LF power at baseline, had a larger increase in the thickness of the carotid bulb intima-media at follow-up. Our results show that LF HRV power is associated with the extent and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. A low LF HRV may predict the progression of atherosclerosis in these patients.     

脑中风患者心率变异的初步分析

目的：探讨中风后植物神经的变化规律及其变化机制。方法：采用反映植物神经功能折心率变异指标，对其时域指标进行分析、应用方差分析及ｔ检验，比较了健康对照组与中风组的心率变异情况。结果：（１）中风组ＳＤＮＮ及ＨＲＶＩ均明显低于健康对照组。（２）中风组随病程的处长，其心率变异逐渐增高，到半年后基本恢复到对照组的水平。     

Effects of drugs on the autonomic control of short-term heart rate variability

The autonomic nervous system links the brain and the heart. Efferent links in the neural control of the heart consist of sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal) fibers innervating the sinus node. Because sympathetic and vagal firing alter spontaneous sinus node depolarization, cardiac rate and rhythm convey information about autonomic influences on the heart. The easy availability of ECG rendered possible the assessment of sinus rhythm as an index of autonomic outflow. The frequency-domain approach uses non-invasive recordings and appears to provide a quantitative evaluation of the autonomic modulation of cardiovascular function. Spectral profiles resulting from vagal or sympathetic blockades at the cardiac (or vascular) level might be used as references to unravel the mechanism of action of the drug under examination. A more comprehensive assessment will be obtained if spectral analysis is used as a complement to existing techniques applied for describing the neurohumoral status of patients (microneurographic recordings, norepinephrine spillover). This review also reports some pitfalls encountered in variability studies.     

Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variations in the early detection of diabetic autonomic neuropathy

Power spectrum analysis of the R—R interval was used in 20 controls and in two groups of type I (insulin dependent) diabetics (27 patients) to detect changes in total power or in its components (low frequency and high frequency) that might be considered an early evidence of impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system control. A significant difference between controls and severe diabetics (with autonomic involvement) was found in all components. In the early stage of diabetes without evidence of autonomic involvement, an absolute reduction of the low frequency component in the standing position and a significant reduction of the percentage increase compared with the lying position, was found to discriminate diabetics from controls. The occurrence of somatic neuropathy was unrelated to changes in autonomic function. These data indicate that: (1) power spectrum analysis is sensitive enough to detect cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetics, where standard methods fail; (2) power spectrum analysis is the method of choice in the early stages; (3) in severe type I dependent diabetes there is a reduction of power spectrum analysis total power and a defective response to standing up; (4) cardiac autonomic neuropathy develops independently from somatic neuropathy.     

脑梗死后心率变异的常见临床因素分析

目的 研究脑梗死患者心率变异性(HRV)的特点及其影响因素,为脑梗死的治疗提供有意义的借鉴.方法 研究梅州市人民医院神经内科自2007年5月至2009年6月收治、经CT或MRI检查确诊的190例脑梗死患者的临床资料,以同期健康体检者50例做为对照,利用24 hHRV分析技术测定并比较心脏自主神经活性受损程度,再按照脑梗死患者的年龄、性别、梗死类型、病情程度、预后、梗死部位对病例进行分组并分析上述因素对患者HRV的影响.结果 脑梗死组患者HRV相关指标均低于对照组;≥60岁组患者HRV各项指标低于<60岁组;除总功率谱(TF)外,女性HRV指标均低于男性,腔隙性梗死患者HRV指标高于动脉粥样硬化性腩梗死和脑栓塞患者,GCS评分较低的患者HRV指标较低,预后为死亡的患者HRV指标最低,其次为好转、治愈患者.右岛叶梗死患者HRV时域指标低于其他梗死部位患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 脑梗死患者自主神经系统失衡,早期动态监测HRV可以判断脑梗死患者脑功能损伤程度及病情演变趋势,有助于早期识别高危患者,指导临床治疗.     

Evaluation of autonomic nervous system function with spectral analysis of heart rate variability in a case of tetanus

The autonomic nervous system is affected in a wide variety of neurological disorders. Its dysfunction may play an important role in the clinical course and may result in serious complications, such as cardiac arrest. We report a case of tetanus who presented with severe autonomic nervous system dysfunction which was detected by spectral analysis of heart rate variability monitored over 24 h. This is a semi-quantitative method for evaluation of the status of the autonomic nervous system. In the present case, the analysis revealed profoundly decreased activity of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system modulation of cardiac rhythm. The parasympathetic nervous system activity was more severely impaired than that of the sympathetic nervous system. The relative predominance of the sympathetic nervous system in the present case may have resulted in unopposed sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity manifested in this patient by tachycardia and excessive sweating. We further infer that the documented diminished buffering capacity of the autonomic nervous system may have lead to a sudden cardiac arrest in our case. Thus, spectral analysis of heart rate variability is a non-invasive and sensitive method for evaluating the status of the autonomic nervous system of critically ill patients in the hospital setting.     

Heart rate recovery after exercise and incidence of type 2 diabetes in men

Objectives  We tested that slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise testing, indicative of decreased parasympathetic nervous system activity, is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in 1,813 healthy men. Methods  Heart rate recovery was calculated as the difference between maximum heart rate during the exercise test and heart rate 1 min after cessation of the exercise test. Results  During an average of 6.4 years of follow-up, 64 (3.5%) subjects developed type 2 diabetes. The unadjusted relative risk (RR) of developing incident diabetes in the slowest versus the fastest HRR quartile was 3.13 (95% CI, 1.28–7.65). However, the association was no longer significant after adjustment for diabetes risk factors and baseline glucose (RR = 2.28, 95% CI, 0.87–5.95). Conclusion  Slow HRR is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, but these relationships were largely explained by baseline fasting glucose in healthy men.