老年人与青年人染色体脆性位点的比较

作者研究了４５例老年人和２９例青年人外周血淋巴细胞在ＦＵＤＲ和咖啡因诱导下，外周血淋巴细胞染色体的畸变及脆性位点的表达。结果：①老年组染色体畸变率为２４７５％，青年组为４２２％，两者差异显著（Ｐ＜００１）；②老年组脆性位点表达率为４５９３％，青年组为２３０２％，明显低于老年组（Ｐ＜００１）；③染色体断裂点与脆性位点符合率老年组为７９９８％，青年组为９２％，说明脆性位点与染色体畸变密切相关     

胃癌和慢性胃炎患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的研究

采用低叶酸培养条件对胃癌和慢性浅表性胃炎患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体进行分析。结果表明胃癌患者与癌基因同位的脆性位点表达明显增高（P＜0．01），8个脆性位点的表达与胃炎组相比差异有显著性，其中有6个脆性位点与癌断裂点、癌基因在同一染色体带上，提示胃癌患者的脆性位点表达有特征性，脆性位点与胃癌发生有密切关系。外周血染色体异常在一定程度上反映了胃癌实体瘤染色体畸变情况，外周血中与实体瘤染色体畸变区带一致或相邻的脆性位点、癌断裂点表达频率有显各增高。我们认为外周血淋巴细胞染色体上1q21、1q44两个位点的畸变对于胃癌普查可能有一定的参考价值。     

老年人与青年人染色体脆性位点的比较

作者研究了４５例老年人和２９例青年人外周血淋巴细胞在ＦＵＤＲ和咖啡因诱导下，外周血淋巴细胞染色体的畸变及脆性位占的表达。结果：１．老年组染色体畸变率为２４．７５％，青年组为４．２２％，两者差异显著。２．老年组脆性全点表达率为４５．９３％，青年组为２３．０２％，明显低于老年组；３．染色体断裂点与脆性位点符合率老年组为７９．９８％，青年组为９２％，说明脆性位点与染色体畸变密切相关。     

膀胱癌患者手术前后细胞遗传学研究

本实验观察了１４例膀胱移行细胞癌（ＴＣＣ）患者手术前后及１５例正常人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变和脆性位点。结果发现，手术前后ＴＣＣ患者的脆性位点表达率、染色体总断裂率均比对照组有显著性增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而且ＴＣＣ组各脆性位点检出频率显著高于对照组，依次为３ｐ１４、１ｑ２１、５ｑ３１（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１ｐ３２、１１ｑ１３、１７ｑ２１、１３ｑ１３（Ｐ＜０．０５）。作者认为脆性位点表达率可作为膀胱癌的一个易患性指标。     

氟砷联合染毒对正常人淋巴细胞染色体损伤的实验观察

目的：观察氟、砷单独及联合作用对正常人淋巴细胞染色体的损伤作用及特点。方法：采用双核淋巴细胞微核试验观察不同剂量氟、砷单独及联合作用对正常人淋巴细胞染色体的损伤情况。结杲：染毒72h后，0．1μmol／L NaAsO2、10μmol／L NaF、50μmol／L NaF和0．1μmol／L NaAsO2＋10μmol／L NaF组的微核率与阴性对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），其它各染毒组的微核率与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05～0．01）；NaAsO2与NaF联合作用时，NaAsO2与NaF对淋巴细胞染色体畸变作用并没有交互作用，仅表现为简单的相加作用。结论：NaAsO2与NaF均可引起淋巴细胞染色体损伤；NaAsO2与NaF联合染毒时，其对淋巴细胞染色体的毒性仅表现为简单相加作用。     

少精、无精症患者染色体及FSH、LH、PRL、T水平分析

目的：检测少精、无精症患者染色体畸变情况及血清激素水平。方法：采用常规染色及显带分析技术对67例患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体定性分析，根据结果将67例患者分为染色体畸变组（A组，n＝16）、无染色体畸变组（B组，n=51），并设健康对照组（C组，n＝26），采用放射免疫（RIA）法对各组血清FSH、LH、PRL、T激素进行测定。结果：染色体分析显示患者的总畸变论为23．88％（16／67），其中常染色体畸变率：4．48％（3／67），性染色体畸变率：19．40％（13／67）。激素测定显示：A组4种激素，B组FSH、LH水平与对照组比差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：少精、无精症与性染色体畸为及多种血清激素异常密切相关，与常染色体畸变也有一定联系。     

胃癌和慢性胃炎患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的研究

采用低叶酸培养条件对胃癌和慢性浅表性胃炎患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体进行分析。结果表明胃癌患者与癌基因同位的脆性位点表达明显增高，８个脆性位点的表达与胃炎组相比差异有显著性，其中有６个脆性位点与癌断裂点，癌基因在同一染色体带上，提示胃癌患者的脆性位点表达有特征性，脆性位点与胃癌发生有密切关系。外周血染色体异常在一定程度上反映了胃癌实体瘤染色体畸变情况，外周血中与实体瘤染色体畸变区带一致或相邻的脆性位点     

白血病患者染色体脆性部位的研究

采用低叶酸低小牛血清的培养基,对10例白血病患者和9例正常对照的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和脆性部位进行了研究。结果在实验组中观察910个中期分裂相有118个畸变位点(畸变率为12.97％),显著高于对照组(7.85％)。实验组脆性部位的表达率为8.3％,而对照组为4.88％,二者比较差异亦具有显著意义(x~2=8.34,P<0.01)。提示白血病患者存在着明显的染色体不稳定性。     

胃癌和胃溃疡外周血淋巴细胞染色体脆性位点表达与胃癌的发生

为探讨脆性位点与胃癌发生的关系，采用低叶酸培养条件，对15例胃癌和15例胃溃疡患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体脆性位点表达进行比较。结果胃癌组在畸变次数和阳性个体表达例数上均有显著性差异的8个位点中6个是脆性位点，4个脆性位点与癌断裂点、癌基因居染色体同一区带，涉及到7个癌基因。说明与癌基因同位或相邻的脆性位点活跃表达在胃癌发生中起了极重要的作用。胃癌的发生发展是多基因损伤的结果，胃溃疡患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体上1q21和其它协同位点共同畸变时，应考虑有胃癌发生的可能。     

胃癌和胃溃疡外周血淋巴细胞染色体脆性位点表达与胃癌的发生

为探讨脆性位点与胃癌发生的关系，采用低叶酸培养条件，对１５例胃癌和１５例胃溃疡患者外周血淋巴细胞染色体脆性位点表达进行比较，结果胃癌线在畸变次数和阳性个本表达例数上显著性差异的８个位点６个是脆性位点，４个脆性位点与癌断裂点，癌基因居染色体同一区带，涉及到７个癌基因，说明与癌基因同位或相邻的脆性位点活跃表达在胃癌发生中起了极重要的作用，胃癌的发生发展是多基因损伤的结果，胃溃疡患者外周血淋巴细胞染色上     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.