不同部位巨大淋巴结增生症三例

正1954年Castleman首次完整地定义了Castleman病,该病又名巨大淋巴结增生症,多以无痛性的淋巴结肿大作为最常见症状,有些患者可能伴发有全身系统症状。本病属于罕见疾病,目前对其研究报道较少见,我科收治不同部位Castleman病患者3例,现报道如下。临床资料病例1 53岁,男,颈部及腹股沟区Castleman病。2年前发现颈部、腹股沟多发淋巴结无痛性肿大,经B超定位下穿刺活检示巨大淋巴结病,在我院血液科经COP方案化疗3次后入     

霉酚酸酯联合激素治疗IgA肾病的疗效观察

患者，女，54岁，因淋巴结肿大8年、蛋白尿3年于2006年11月2日入院。患者8年前因颈部、腋下、腹股沟多发肿块在浙江大学附属医院经淋巴结活检诊为Castleman病（浆细胞型），接受COP方案化疗后好转。2002年因肿块增大在浙江省人民医院经淋巴结活检支持原诊断，接受VAD方案化疗好转。2003年发现尿蛋白1＋。入院查体：BP110／75mmHg，     

儿童弥漫硬化型甲状腺癌并多区淋巴结转移1例

患者女, 14岁, 因"发现颈部肿物2周"就诊。查体:气管偏右, 甲状腺双侧叶弥漫性Ⅱ°肿大, 质地偏硬, 结节感, 颈部未触及肿大淋巴结。彩超检查示:甲状腺左叶内见2.4 cm × 2.1 cm × 2.6 cm实性结节, 边缘不光滑, 纵横比<1, 结节内见密集点状强回声, 其余腺体内见多发散在点状强回声;颈左侧Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区、右侧Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区多个低回声结节(图1)。细针穿刺病理检查示:甲状腺左侧叶乳头状癌(弥漫硬化亚型), 颈左侧淋巴结转移癌(图2)。CT检查示:甲状腺左叶体积增大, 向下达左上纵隔, 邻近组织结构受压, 左侧叶见不规则低密度影, 气管略向右移;双侧颈部多发略肿大淋巴结影(图3)。行甲状腺全切除术+双侧中央组淋巴结清扫术+颈部双侧功能性淋巴结清扫术。术中见甲状腺双侧叶弥漫性肿大, 左侧叶内1个大小约4.0 cm × 3.5 cm × 2.5 cm肿物, 质硬, 未侵及包膜, 双侧气管食管旁沟、气管前及颈部双侧侧颈区多枚肿大融合质硬淋巴结。术后病理检查示:(左、右侧叶)甲状腺乳头状癌(弥漫硬化亚型)伴桥本甲状腺炎, 并广泛淋巴管、少量血管内查见癌栓(+)(图4...     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移规律及影响因素分析

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）颈部淋巴结的转移规律及其影响因素,为PTC颈部淋巴结清扫手术方式的选择提供依据。方法收集贵阳医学院附属医院甲状腺外科2009年1月至2011年12月期间收治的98例PTC患者的临床资料,对其淋巴结转移特点、规律及其影响因素进行回顾性分析。结果 98例患者中,共行颈部淋巴结清扫114侧。总颈淋巴结转移率为77.55%（76/98）,其中Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率为74.49%（73/98）,颈侧Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区为42.86%（42/98）,Ⅴ区为5.10%（5/98）。单因素分析结果显示：当肿瘤直径大于1 cm、侵犯甲状腺包膜、呈多灶性或年龄大于45岁时,Ⅵ区和Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区的淋巴结转移率较高（P〈0.05）。多因素分析结果显示：患者年龄、肿瘤直径、包膜侵犯及多灶性是颈部淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0.05）;包膜侵犯、多灶性、合并Ⅵ区淋巴结转移及合并颈侧Ⅱ＋Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区淋巴结转移是喉前淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0.05）;包膜侵犯和多灶性是跳跃性淋巴结转移的影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论 PTC易发生Ⅵ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ区淋巴结转移,应常规清扫Ⅵ区淋巴结。对颈部淋巴结转移规律的研究可为临床选择合理的颈部淋巴结清扫手术方式提供依据。     

Castleman病并肾病综合征1例

病例 患者李某,女,69例,教师.患者于2000年7月无意中发现右腋窝单个淋巴结肿大(约4 cm×3 cm),可移动,边界清楚,无触痛,全身无其他伴随症状.到本院行淋巴结切除后行病理检查诊断为Castleman病(透明血管型),手术后未行任何治疗,病情稳定.2003年9月～10月间无明显诱因出现右锁骨上多个淋巴结肿大,可移动,无触痛,后在枕骨后、颈部、双侧腋窝及腹股沟等处发现淋巴结肿大,同时伴双下肢水肿.到本院行淋巴结病理检查诊断为Castleman病复发,查尿常规蛋白( ),24 h尿蛋白定量为4.25 g,未住院治疗.     

猫抓病二例

例1患者男,13岁,主因右腋下肿物3 d余,伴发热1 d,于2006年8月28日入院,发病前20 d被流浪小猫咬伤右手背。入院情况:体温:37．4℃,咽腭扁桃体红肿,右手背有一直径1 cm皮损,中心见一小圆形瘢痕,右上滑车淋巴结及肿大,右腋下触及一直径3 cm肿物,右颈部胸锁乳突后缘触及一肿大淋巴结,右腹股沟触及多个肿大淋巴结,脊柱明     

颈部包虫囊肿一例

患者,女,33岁,因发现左颈部包块7年余入院。查体:皮肤及巩膜无黄染,无皮疹及出血点,浅表淋巴结无肿大。颈软,气管居中,无颈静脉怒张,左颈部胸锁乳突肌外缘与斜方肌之间可触及一6cm×3cm大小包块,边缘尚清楚,表面光滑,质韧,无压痛,活动度差,不随吞咽上下移动,局部未闻及血管杂音,双侧甲状腺未触及肿大及包块。颈部及锁骨上窝淋巴结未触及肿大。左侧颈部B超扫查:左胸锁乳突肌与斜方肌之间可见多房状液性暗区,边界清楚,外形不规则,范围约7.3cm×4.3cm×2.4cm,液区壁薄光滑,测其中较大一个液区为3.0cm×2.4cm。此异常区外侧缘位于斜方肌深面。C…     

乳头状甲状腺癌的颈部淋巴结转移规律与手术方式

目的探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结的转移规律以及清扫范围的合理选择。方法同顾性分析近4年多米收治的457例乳头状甲状腺癌患者的临床资料。结果全组患者均接受常规甲状腺双侧全切加颈深（Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区）组技巾央（Ⅵ区）组颈部淋巴结清扫术。颈部淋巴结总转移发生率为63．67％（291／457），中央组淋巴结转移发生率为59．08％（270／457），颈深组淋巴结转移发生率为29．76％（136／457）。当癌肿直径〉1cm或癌肿突破甲状腺包膜、侵犯肌肉时各区淋巴结转移的发生率明显增加（P〈0．05）。全组无手术或住院期间死亡。结论乳头状甲状腺癌最常见的淋巴结转移为巾央组淋巴结，其次为颈深组（Ⅲ＋Ⅳ区）的淋巴结，初次手术应常规清扫双侧中央组淋巴结，当肿块直径〉1cm或癌肿突破甲状腺包膜和／或侵犯肌肉时宜同时，清扫同侧的颈深组淋巴结。     

术前颈部彩超检查在食管癌诊治中的作用

目的探讨术前颈部彩超检查在食管癌诊治中的作用。方法对102例接受食管癌手术的患者术前行颈部彩超检查,发淋巴结肿大者,术中行颈部淋巴结清扫术并送常规病理学检查。评价术前颈部彩超检查在食管癌诊治中的价值。结果术前经彩超发现颈部淋巴结肿大且直径0.8 cm共62例,术后7例病理证实淋巴结癌转移(12%);术前经彩超发现颈部淋巴结直径0.8 cm的35例患者送检均未见淋巴结癌转移。结论术前常规颈部彩超检查在食管癌诊治中有积极意义,可建议作为食管术前常规检查。     

以脊髓压迫症为首发症状的非何杰金淋巴瘤1例

以脊髓压迫症为首发症状的非何杰金淋巴瘤１例黄金钟，杨波，王耀国非何杰金淋巴瘤症状首发于椎管者少见，现将我院遇到的１例报告如下。患者，男，２１岁。ｌｑ９２年４月１６日主诉双下肢麻木２０ｄ，双下肢无力、二便困难６ｄ，住神经外科。体检：双侧颈部、腹股沟数个...     

Lung involvement in Hodgkin's disease.

Lung involvement occurred in 43% of 284 patients with Hodgkin's disease in Nottingham during 1960-75. It was commoner than pleural, hilar or mediastinal node involvement, although over three-quarters of patients with any other thoracic manifestation subsequently developed pulmonary involvement. The patients with pulmonary involvement contained significantly fewer with the histological feature of lymphocyte predominance. The commonest radiographic type, peribronchial infiltration, tended to occur early in the course of the disease while less common types, homogeneous or pneumonic infiltrates and nodules, occurred later. Modern chemotherapy was very effective in the treatment of pulmonary Hodgkin's disease. Since two-thirds of the patients who developed lung involvement already had stage IIIB or IV disease, the early use of chemotherapy should reduce the incidence of this common complication.     

Parotid metastasis--an independent prognostic factor for head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic parotid cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common parotid gland malignancy in New Zealand and Australia. The current AJCC TNM staging system does not account for the extent of nodal metastasis. A staging system that separates parotid (P stage) from neck disease (N stage) has been proposed recently. AIM: To review the outcome of patients with metastatic head and neck cutaneous SCC treated at our multidisciplinary Head and Neck Service using the proposed staging system. METHOD: Consecutive patients were culled from our Head and Neck/Skull Base Database, 1990-2004. These patients were restaged according to the proposed staging system: P stage: P0 = no disease in the parotid (i.e., neck disease only); P1 = metastatic node < or = 3 cm; P2=metastatic node > 3 cm and < or =6 cm, or multiple nodes; and P3 = metastatic node > 6 cm, or disease involving the facial nerve or skull base. N stage: N0=no disease in the neck (i.e., parotid disease only); N1 = single ipsilateral metastatic node < or = 3 cm; and N2 = multiple metastatic nodes, or any node > 3 cm, or contralateral neck involvement. Loco-regional recurrence and disease-specific survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparison of graphs made with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model was carried out to assess the impact of various parameters. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients with metastatic head and neck cutaneous SCC were identified. Thirty-seven patients had parotid metastasis (of whom 13 also had neck disease) while 21 had neck metastasis alone. Nine patients had dermal or soft tissue metastasis. These nine patients were excluded from this series, and data analysis was carried out on the remaining 58 (46 men, 12 women, mean age 71 years) patients. Sixty-seven percent of the patients underwent post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy. The five-year disease-specific survival rate was 54%. Among 56 patients followed up to disease recurrence or for a minimum period of 18 months, the loco-regional recurrence rate was 52%. The presence of parotid disease was an independent prognostic factor on survival (p < 0.01), and P3 fared significantly worse than P1 and P2. Those patients who had both parotid and neck disease fared worse than those who had parotid or neck disease alone (p = 0.01). N2 had a significantly poorer outcome compared with N1 (p < 0.01). Immunosuppression (p = 0.01) and a positive surgical margin (p < 0.01) were significant adverse prognostic factors for survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy, extracapsular spread, and perineural and vascular invasion did not influence survival. Our study demonstrates that the extent of parotid disease is an independent prognostic factor for metastatic head and neck cutaneous SCC.     

Significance of clinical stage,extent of surgery,and pathologic findings in metastatic cutaneous squamous carcinoma of the parotid gland

BACKGROUND: Metastatic cutaneous cancer is the most common parotid malignancy in Australia, with metastatic squamous carcinoma (SCC) occurring most frequently. There are limitations in the current TNM staging system for metastatic cutaneous malignancy, because all patients with nodal metastases are simply designated N1, irrespective of the extent of disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of clinical stage, extent of surgery, and pathologic findings on outcome after parotidectomy for metastatic SCC by applying a new staging system that separates metastatic disease in the parotid from metastatic disease in the neck. METHODS: A prospectively documented series of 87 patients treated by one of the authors (COB) over 12 years for clinical metastatic cutaneous SCC involving the parotid gland and a minimum of 2 years follow-up was analyzed. These patients were all previously untreated and were restaged according to the clinical extent of disease in the parotid gland in the following manner. P1, metastatic SCC of the parotid up to 3 cm in diameter; P2, tumor greater than 3 cm up to 6 cm in diameter or multiple metastatic parotid nodes; P3, tumor greater than 6 cm in diameter, VII nerve palsy, or skull base invasion. Neck disease was staged in the following manner: N0, no clinical metastatic disease in the neck; N1, a single ipsilateral metastatic neck node less than 3 cm in diameter; N2, multiple metastatic nodes or any node greater than 3 cm in diameter. RESULTS: Clinical P stages were P1, 43 patients; P2, 35 patients; and P3, 9 patients. A total of 21 patients (24%) had clinically positive neck nodes. Among these, 11 were N1, and 10 were N2. Conservative parotidectomies were carried out in 71 of 87 patients (82%), and 8 of these had involved surgical margins (11%). Radical parotidectomy sacrificing the facial nerve was performed in 16 patients, and 6 (38%) had positive margins, (p <.01 compared with conservative resections). Margins were positive in 12% of patients staged P1, 14% of those staged P2, and 44% of those staged P3 (p <.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that increasing P stage, positive margins, and a failure to have postoperative radiotherapy independently predicted for decreased control in the parotid region. Survival did not correlate with P stage; however, many patients staged P1 and P2 also had metastatic disease in the neck. Clinical and pathologic N stage both significantly influenced survival, and patients with N2 disease had a much worse prognosis than patients with negative necks or only a single positive node. Independent risk factors for survival by multivariate analysis were positive surgical margins and the presence of advanced (N2) clinical and pathologic neck disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that patients with metastatic cutaneous SCC in both the parotid gland and neck have a significantly worse prognosis than those with disease in the parotid gland alone. Furthermore, patients with cervical nodes larger than 3 cm in diameter or with multiple positive neck nodes have a significantly worse prognosis than those with only a single positive node. Also, the extent of metastatic disease in the parotid gland correlated with the local control rate. The authors recommend that the clinical staging system for cutaneous SCC of the head and neck should separate parotid (P) and neck disease (N) and that the proposed staging system should be tested in a larger study population.     

Concurrent epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and papillary thyroid carcinoma in the treated field of Hodgkin's disease

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous malignancies in the field of radiation for Hodgkin's disease is an extremely rare event. A unique case of concurrent thyroid and neck mass in the postirradiation field of a young patient with Hodgkin's disease is presented. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thyroidectomy and excision biopsy of the neck mass were performed. A 1.5-cm papillary thyroid carcinoma was identified in thyroidectomy and an initial diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasm was rendered on the neck mass biopsy. Subsequent surgical excision of the neck mass and immunohistochemical analysis revealed malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. CONCLUSION: Concurrent malignancies in the field of treatment of Hodgkin's disease may occur. Rare malignancies including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor may be encountered along with the more common papillary thyroid carcinoma.     

A case of Hodgkin's disease arising from an intraglandular lymph node in the parotid gland

Malignant lymphoma of the parotid gland region, especially Hodgkin's disease of the gland, is an extremely rare disorder. We have recently experienced a case initially suspected of being pleomorphic adenoma and later, on postoperative histopathological examination, diagnosed as Hodgkin's disease. The present report describes this case of Hodgkin's disease arising from an intraglandular lymph node in the parotid gland.     

Pattern of cervical lymph node metastases from papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

INTRODUCTION: The management of cervical metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma ranges from selective removal (berry picking) to a formal comprehensive neck dissection. Without a clear understanding of the distribution of nodes at risk, the formulation of strategies on how best to manage the clinically positive neck is difficult. This study reports on observations made in patients who underwent a therapeutic comprehensive neck dissection for metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma by defining lymph node involvement with respect to neck level. METHODS: The clinical records and pathological reports of 75 consecutive patients who underwent a neck dissection for cervical metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma over a 10-year period were reviewed. All dissections were therapeutic in nature, being performed in patients with clinically positive neck nodes. Eighty neck dissection specimens were obtained and analyses were divided into three groups by virtue of the type of dissection performed: a bilateral comprehensive neck dissection, unilateral radical neck dissection and unilateral comprehensive neck dissection. The relative involvement of cervical nodes was analysed with reference to node levels I-V. RESULTS: Patients in the anterolateral group (levels II, III and IV) were at greatest risk of metastatic disease, with level III nodes consistently the most frequently involved, across all treatment groups. Only three patients exhibited level I involvement, all of whom had extensive neck disease involving all or almost all neck levels. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients present with multiple level node disease, with the anterolateral group at greatest risk. A comprehensive neck dissection is recommended for all patients with palpable cervical lymphadenopathy.     

Nonfamilial medullary thyroid carcinoma

On the basis of this report and the current literature, we conclude that the familial type of medullary thyroid carcinoma can be diagnosed early using basal and poststimulation levels of calcitonin. However, most of the patients with sporadic disease present with a neck mass later in life. The tumor has a tendency to invade locally and metastasize to lymph nodes early in its course. Prognosis is negatively influenced by the extent of disease, lymph node involvement and elderly age. The surgical procedures of choice should be total thyroidectomy with clearance of central nodes of the neck as well as neck dissection when indicated. All parathyroid glands should be inspected. For patients treated for cure, the determinant 10 year survival is 48 percent, and 20 year survival is 33 percent. Recurrence of local disease should be treated aggressively, as important palliation and prolongation of life can be achieved. Radiotherapy may be helpful in the management of residual tumor or recurrent disease. Basal calcitonin assays and poststimulation studies are useful in diagnosing residual or recurrent disease. In the familial cases, the existence of other endocrinopathies has to be considered in the management of the patients.     

Cat-scratch disease: Otolaryngologic manifestations and management.

OBJECTIVE: The bacteria Bartonella henselae has been known as the principal causative agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD) since 1992. It is an important cause of infectious lymphadenopathies in the head and neck. Nevertheless, CSD often remains unrecognized in cases of cervicofacial lymph node enlargement. STUDY DESIGN: Between January 1997 and May 2003, we conducted a prospective clinical study including 721 patients with primarily unclear masses in the head and neck. RESULTS: CSD was diagnosed by serology and molecular investigations in 99 patients (13.7%; median age 33 years). Cervicofacial lymphadenopathy was the most common manifestation. Atypical manifestation of CSD including Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, swelling of the parotid gland and erythema nodosum were diagnosed in 8.1%, 8.1%, and 2.0% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that CSD is a major cause of enlarged cervicofacial lymph nodes and should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in the head and neck region.     

Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. The search for a rational panel

A novel, comprehensive panel of monoclonal antibodies was tested in a large series of routinely processed lymph node biopsy specimens from patients with Hodgkin's disease (69 cases), with the object of developing either definitive or adjunctive diagnostic criteria. B- and T-cell lymphomas and reactive states that could mimic Hodgkin's disease were also assessed with the same monoclonal antibody panel. In addition to the popularly used anti-Leu-M1 (CD15), the panel included the recently produced Ber-H2 (CD30) antibody, which detects a formalin-resistant epitope of the Ki-1 antigen. The other monoclonal antibodies were directed against epithelial membrane antigen (Dako-EMA) and leukocyte common antigen (Dako-LC) (CD45), as well as B-cell (LN-1 and LN-2) and T-cell (MT1) associated antigens. The results showed clear phenotypic separation of nodular lymphocyte predominant subtype of Hodgkin's disease from other subtypes. The lymphocytic and histiocytic cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease were reactive for LN-1 (all cases) and anti-EMA (most cases) but negative for anti-Leu-M1 and Ber-H2. Within the other subtypes--i.e. nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity--nearly all Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells were positive for both anti-Leu-M1 and Ber-H2. Ber-H2 monoclonal antibody was observed to react more frequently with Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells in Bouin's- or formalin-fixed tissues. Pleomorphic T-cell lymphomas, which could mimic Hodgkin's disease on morphology, created the same problem on phenotypic analysis. However, MT1 identified a significant proportion of T-cell lymphomas with Reed-Sternberg-like cells, having proven negative for Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells in Hodgkin's disease. Thus, a combination of anti-Leu-M1, Ber-H2, anti-EMA, LN-1, and MT1 monoclonal antibodies appears at present to be the most useful panel for the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease.     

Supraomohyoid neck dissection with frozen section biopsy as a staging procedure in the clinically node-negative neck in carcinoma of the oral cavity

A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of elective supraomohyoid neck dissection in 57 newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. The protocol included sampling of both the most suspicious and the largest node in the jugulodigastric region (if present) and the most distal jugulo-omohyoid lymph node (if present) for frozen section examination. In 10 cases, frozen section biopsy revealed metastatic disease, and surgery was continued using standard or modified radical neck dissection en bloc with the primary tumor. In another 10 cases, histologic examination of the supraomohyoid neck dissection specimens revealed occult nodal disease at other sites. In the histologically proven absence of metastatic disease in the supraomohyoid neck dissection specimens, disease recurrence in the neck occurred in only three cases (7%), all in the presence of local failure. The results of our analysis support the conclusion that elective supraomohyoid neck dissection with frozen section biopsy appears to be a valid staging procedure and a valuable approach to the management of the clinically node-negative neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.