腹直肌鞘阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛对胃癌根治手术患者的镇痛效果及术后恢复的影响

目的观察超声引导下腹直肌鞘阻滞复合静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）对胃癌根治术患者的镇痛效果及术后恢复的影响。方法选取行胃癌根治手术患者80例,按随机数字表法分为腹直肌鞘阻滞联合PCIA组（R组）和单纯PCIA组（P组）,每组40例,R组麻醉诱导后行超声引导下双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞;P组不予处理;两组患者术后均行舒芬太尼PCIA。观察并记录术中七氟醚用量及舒芬太尼用量,于患者术后2h（T1）、6h（T2）、12h（T3）、24h（T4）、48h（T5）5个时点评估并记录患者视觉模拟评分（VAS）,PCIA舒芬太尼用量,不良反应发生情况;记录术后48h内镇痛不全例数及追加镇痛药物情况;随访记录患者首次下床活动时间、首次排气时间及住院时间。结果R组术中及术后2、6h舒芬太尼用量明显少于P组（P＜0.05）,R组的下床时间和排气时间上均较P组提前,镇痛不全情况较少（P＜0.05）;两组在术中七氟烷用量、术后静息VAS、术后12、24、48h舒芬太尼用量、住院天数、术后追加止痛药物及相关不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义。结论腹直肌鞘阻滞联合PCIA能为胃癌根治术患者术中及术后提供有效镇痛,减少镇痛不全情况的发生,有利于胃癌患者术后的康复。     

舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺用于妇科术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺用于妇科术后镇痛的临床疗效。方法114例妇科择期手术患者随机分为舒芬太尼组（舒芬太尼）和布托啡诺复合组（舒芬太尼＋布托啡诺）。记录术后镇痛效果：自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间及不良反应。结果布托啡诺复合组术后各时间点VAS评分低于舒芬太尼组（P〈0．05）,自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间及拔管时间长于舒芬太尼组（P〈0．05）,不良反应发生率较低。结论舒芬太尼复合布托啡诺应用于妇科术后镇痛,效果显著,不良反应较少。     

竖脊肌平面阻滞与腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹腔镜全子宫切除术围术期镇痛的效果比较

目的通过与腹横肌平面（TAP）阻滞比较,评价超声引导竖脊肌平面阻滞（ESPB）在腹腔镜全子宫切除术围术期的镇痛效果。方法选取120例行择期腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者,按随机数字表法分为TAP组、ESPB组和对照组,每组40例。常规全身麻醉后,TAP组行TAP阻滞、ESPB组行ESPB,对照组不给予任何神经阻滞。3组患者术后均给予自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）。记录3组患者术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量及苏醒时间;术后24h内PCIA有效按压次数及舒芬太尼用量;采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）比较术后2～48h各时点静息及咳嗽时疼痛评分;随访术后不良反应及早期康复指标。结果与对照组比较,TAP组和ESPB组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量明显减少（P＜0.05）,苏醒时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、下床时间、术后住院时间均明显缩短（均P＜0.05）,PCIA有效按压次数及舒芬太尼用量减少,镇痛补救率及恶心、呕吐发生率均降低（均P＜0.05）,术后2～24h各时点静息及咳嗽时VAS评分均明显降低（均P＜0.05）。TAP组和ESPB组上述指标比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论超声引导ESPB能为腹腔镜全子宫切除术患者提供安全有效的围术期镇痛,与TAP阻滞的效果相当,能促进患者早期康复。     

舒芬太尼不同镇痛方法的临床观察

目的 观察剖宫产术后舒芬太尼不同镇痛方法的临床效果.方法 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级剖宫产术后要求术后镇痛患者150例,随机分为3组,每组50例.Ⅰ组：静脉镇痛,配方：舒芬太尼75μg ＋盐酸格拉司琼3毫克＋NS至100毫升;Ⅱ组硬膜外镇痛,配方：舒芬太尼75μg ＋NS至100毫升;Ⅲ组：硬膜外镇痛,配方：舒芬太尼75μg＋0.75%布比卡因16.6毫升＋NS至100毫升.分别记录术后疼痛程度视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Ramsay镇静评分、改良 Bromage分级及不良反应.结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组VAS评分明显低于Ⅱ组（P＜0.05）,Ⅲ组VAS评分明显低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）.Ⅰ组Ramsay镇静评分显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组（P＜0.05）.三组运动神经阻滞无显著差异（P＞0.05）.结论 剖宫产给予硬膜外术后镇痛（舒芬太尼复合布比卡因）效果好,不良反应少.值得推广.     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对腹腔镜子宫切除术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 观察超声引导下腰方肌阻滞对腹腔镜子宫切除术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 选取2019 年5～12 月择期行腹腔镜子宫切除术患者60 例,随机分为全麻复合腰方肌阻滞组（Q 组）和单纯全麻组（C 组）,每组各30 例。Q 组麻醉诱导前应用0.375%罗哌卡因各20 mL 在超声引导下行双侧腰方肌阻滞,C 组不阻滞。两组术后均行静脉自控镇痛。记录术后2、4、6、12 和24 h 时两组患者BCS 舒适度评分;记录两组患者术后24 h 内舒芬太尼用量、镇痛补救情况和患者满意度;记录两组患者术后不良反应。结果 Q 组患者术后24 h 内各时点BCS 评分高于C 组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Q 组患者术后24 h 舒芬太尼用量低于C 组（P＜0.05）;与C 组比较,恶心呕吐发生率及镇痛补救率降低（P＜0.05）,患者满意度评分升高（P＜0.05）。结论 在腹腔镜子宫切除术中采用超声引导下腰方肌阻滞可增强术后镇痛效果,减少术后阿片类药物用量,提高患者舒适度。     

罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在连续股神经阻滞术后镇痛中的应用

目的：观察罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼在连续股神经阻滞用于全膝关节置换术后镇痛效果及不良反应.方法：全膝关节置换手术患者60例,采用神经刺激仪引导下行连续股神经置管阻滞.将患者随机均分成两组：S组为0.25μg/ml舒芬太尼加0.2％罗哌卡因镇痛;R组为术毕仅用0.2％罗哌卡因镇痛.两组背景剂量均为4 ml/h,自控药量每次4ml,锁定时间30 min.观察术后镇痛效果,记录镇痛泵按压次数及不良反应.结果：S组在术后6,12,24,36,48 h镇痛效果优于R组（P＜0.05）;下肢麻木感S组明显少于R组;恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、皮肤瘙痒及呼吸抑制两组差异无统计学意义.结论：罗哌卡因复合舒芬太尼用于连续股神经阻滞术后镇痛效果优于单用罗哌卡因.     

地佐辛与舒芬太尼在剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛中的效果

目的：比较地佐辛与舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛的效果.方法：选取行剖宫产产妇68例,随机分为地佐辛组和舒芬太尼组,每组34例,术后分别给予地佐辛和舒芬太尼镇痛,比较两组产妇术后4、12、24及36 h Ramsay镇痛评分、VAS评分及术后24h不良反应发生情况.结果：两组产妇各时间点VAS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;地佐辛组术后4h、12 h Ramsay评分明显高于舒芬太尼组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后24 h、36 h两组Ramsay评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后24 h内地佐辛组不良反应发生率明显低于舒芬太尼组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：地佐辛用于剖宫产术后静脉自控镇痛的效果与舒芬太尼相当,但不良反应率明显更低.     

地塞米松及舒芬太尼对罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛效果的影响

【目的】本地塞米松及舒芬太尼对罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛效果的影响。【方法】120名拟行下腹部手术的患者被随机分配成3组接受硬膜外镇痛。R组：0．5％罗哌卡因5m1（25mg）＋生理盐水5ml;RS组：0．5％罗哌卡因5fnl＋0．00016％舒芬太尼溶液5ml;RD组：0．5％罗哌卡因5ml＋0．08％地塞米松溶液5ml。给予试验药物后以视觉模拟评分（visualanaloguescore,VAS）评估患者的疼痛情况,记录患者首次追加镇痛时间、术后24h哌替啶需求总量、需要追加镇痛的患者例数等信息及患者术后恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、尿潴留、呼吸抑制的发生情况。【结果】RS组（罗哌卡因＋舒芬太尼）和RD组（罗哌卡因＋地塞米松）的术后首次镇痛时间明显长于R组（单纯罗哌卡因）（P〈0．05）,RS组和RD组的术后哌替啶的总用量及主动要求追加镇痛的患者例数亦明显少于R组（P〈0．05）。【结论】硬膜外给予地塞米松可以明显增强罗哌卡因的术后镇痛作用,延长其镇痛时间,同时减少术后阿片类药物的需求,并减少使用阿片类药物导致的不良反应。     

布托啡诺、地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于食管癌术后镇痛的临床研究

目的观察和比较布托啡诺和地佐辛分别复合舒芬太尼用于食管癌术后静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）的效果。方法择期食管癌手术患者60例,体重指数（BMI）〈25kg/m2,ASA为I～II级,所有患者均签署术后镇痛知情同意书。按随机数字表法分为舒芬太尼镇痛泵组（S组）,布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼组（B组）,地佐辛复合舒芬太尼组（D组）,每组20例,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Ramsay镇静评级评估患者疼痛程度和镇静情况,同时记录不良反应发生情况。结果 3组均取得了满意的镇痛效果,各组在同时点VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,Ramsay镇静评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,各组均有不良反应,但舒芬太尼组（S组）不良反应高于其他两组（P〈0.01）。结论布托啡诺复合舒芬太尼或者地佐辛复合舒芬太尼用于食管癌患者术后镇痛效果确切,安全可靠,不良反应较少,在药理作用方面可以相互取长补短。     

氟比洛芬酯复合舒芬太尼术后静脉镇痛的临床研究

目的观察氟比洛芬酯复合舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的有效性和不良反应。方法选择择期妇科手术术后行PCIA患者100例,随机分为两组,术后PCIA分别使用舒芬太尼（A组）和氟比洛芬酯复合舒芬太尼（B组）。观察术后48h内的镇痛评分（VAS）,镇静评分（SS）,PCA使用次数及不良反应（恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡、呼吸抑制等）。结果术后48h内A、B两组VAS评分无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。PCA使用次数A组显著高于B组（P〈0.05）。A组镇静评分于4h、8h和12h时间点明显高于B组（P〈0.05）,其余时间点两组无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。B组不良反应发生率显著低于A组（P〈0.05）。结论氟比洛芬酯复合舒芬太尼用于术后患者自控静脉镇痛,镇痛效果好,镇静效果佳,不良反应发生率低。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.