民航飞行员T波倒置随访10年一例并文献复习CSCD

目的：探讨体检中ECG出现T波倒置的飞行员的航空健康管理和航空医学鉴定。方法回顾性分析1例民航飞行员10年的T波倒置ECG变化、临床诊断及医学鉴定情况,复习相关文献。结果本例飞行员ECG有心尖肥厚型心肌病ECG改变,胸导联电压逐年升高,ST 段压低逐年显著,T波倒置程度逐年加深,间断进行冠状动脉造影和心脏彩色超声无明显异常。2013年踏板运动试验提示ECG ST‐T改变明显,运动恢复期出现频发房性早搏。考虑其ECG变化进展明显,临时停飞查明原因。心脏彩色超声检查诊断为心尖肥厚型心肌病,心脏核磁共振诊断：心尖部心肌广泛增厚,考虑心尖肥厚型心肌病。未行治疗。考虑飞行员存在肥厚性非梗阻性心肌病,无其他明显的心脑血管疾病,现特许飞行。结论 ECG警示心尖部肥厚型心肌病比心脏彩色超声早;当ECG出现倒置T波,排除冠状动脉病变时,应考虑肥厚性心肌病可能;每年鉴定应行心脏彩色超声检查,再次行冠状动脉造影检查时应加做左室造影和心脏核磁共振检查,以尽早发现疾病。     

运动试验阳性轻微ST-T改变的ECG特点

对于心电图(ECG)有明显ST—T改变者，易引起医生和患者的注意而行进一步检查(如平板运动试验，超声心动图，心肌灌注扫描和冠状动脉造影等)。而轻微ST—T改变，常易被忽视而漏诊。2001年1月～2004年1月收集69例平板运动试验阳性而平静ECG轻微ST—T改变者进行回顾性分析，探讨其ECG变化特点，现报告如下。     

仅以T波高尖为表现的急性心肌梗死与早期复极综合征的鉴别(附1例报告)

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死 ,其ST段及T波的演变绝大多数遵循从超急期到急性期再到恢复期的动态变化过程 ,但我们最近遇到 1例仅表现为持续性广泛T波高尖而无ST段动态演变 ,即酷似早期复极综合征的急性心肌梗死患者 ,现报道如下。1　临床资料患者 ,男性 ,5 5岁 ,因胸痛 9h就诊。查体无阳性体征 ,心电图表现为广泛T波高尖 ,伴ST段轻度凹面向上抬高 ,并且部分胸前导联出现J波 ,整个心电图表现酷似早期复极综合征(图 1)。立即查心肌酶CK 6 17U/L ,CK MB 10 1U/L。收住院后给予扩冠抗凝等保守治疗 ,多次复查心电图均无明显变化。 1周后行…     

冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床分析

为研究冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）后常见并发症的产生原因及可能的预防措施。作者回顾分析了1993年3月-2000年3月共210例冠状动脉搭桥术的临床资料,结果：体外循环下CABG200例,非体外循环下CABG10例,人均搭桥3.1支,同期行心脏瓣膜置换及成形手术25例,室壁瘤切除左室成形术8例,院内死亡率1.9%(4/210),围手术期心肌梗死共13例,其中无痛性心肌梗死11例。术后复发心绞痛11例,心律失常34例,心肌酶升高145例。由于围手术期心肌梗死中无痛性心肌梗死发生率较高,临床医生要注意及时检测术后病人的心肌酶和观察心电图的动态演变,以免漏诊,术后心律失常主要为心房扑动、心房颤动和室上性心动过速,常规处理即可转复窦律。     

急性心肌梗塞超急性损伤期心电图诊断

分析急性心肌梗塞超急性损伤期心电图14例。在胸痛后出现 T 波高耸、ST 段斜形或凹面向上抬高、R 波电压升高,多变的或严重的心律失常均提示有急性心肌梗塞的可能。高耸的 T 波向倒置演变过程中可出现短暂 ST—T 改善,值得注意。     

高龄冠心病患者冠脉旁路移植术前后心电图对比分析

目的：探讨高龄冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）前后心电图的变化。方法：对高龄冠心病31例行CABG术前、术后1周、2～3周、2个月及3个月12导联心电图变化情况进行对比分析。结果：与术前1周内无心绞痛发作时心电图比较，术后异常Q波、T波低平或双向发生率，以术后第1周显著增多，此后逐渐减少（P〈O．05）；T波低平或双向发生率持续到第2～3周后，恢复到术前水平；ST段压低〉O．5mm和T波倒置于术后第1～3周明显增多，此后第1个月、第2个月逐渐减少到术前水平，T波倒置显著减少（P〈O．05）。结论：高龄冠心病患者CABG后易出现早期一过性异常Q波、T波低平或双向、ST段压低等变化，此后可逐渐减少，并恢复到术前水平。     

Wellens综合征临床观察

目的：观察Wellens综合征的临床特点及诊疗常规。方法2008年1月～2012年12月收治的Wellens综合征患者52例。平均随访10.20±13.22个月,观察其心绞痛发作的特点、心电图演变的特点、超声心动图特点、心肌生化标记物水平、.冠脉造影特点及预后。结果①20例患者在一月内支架治疗,3例择期搭桥,29例未接受经皮冠脉介入治疗（ PCI ）手术及冠状动脉旁路移植术（ CABG ）手术治疗的患者,其中6例随访期间接受PCI,7例（24.13％）进展为急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死,其中有1例（3.45％）发生猝死;②心电图T波演变：其中36例心电呈伪善性改变,18例ST段轻度抬高,16例表现为T波倒置或双向。③超声心动图：28例记录到室壁运动障。④心肌生化标记物水平：心肌肌钙白升高者27例,6例肌钙蛋白轻度增高。⑤52例冠脉病变均位于前降支近中段,35例患者前降支有侧枝循环。结论对于Wellens综合征,正确识别心电图,尽早介入或搭桥治疗,患者可从中获益。     

突然停用美托洛尔诱发急性心肌梗死1例

病人,男, 56岁。患原发性高血压病、冠心病 (陈旧性心肌梗死 ) 2年。一直服用美托洛尔 (倍他洛克 ) 50mg, 2次 /d,硝酸异山梨酯 (消心痛 ) 10mg, 3次 /d。近 1个月患者胸闷、心悸症状加重,监测血压波动在 80 ~90 /50 ~60mmHg(1mmHg=0 133 3kPa),心率 100次 /min,肺部可闻及细湿啰音,遂停用美托洛尔。停药 3d后,患者喘憋加重,同时心前区疼痛。ECG示:右胸导联ST段弓背向上抬高 0 4mV,左胸及侧壁导联ST段水平下移 0 3 ~0 4mV,T波倒置,CM MB升高。诊断:急性心肌再梗死。治疗:入我科重症监护室按心肌梗死的ABCD方案治疗,并积极预防…     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死自溶再通假象1例

<正>病人,女,77岁。因间断胸痛3年余,再发3 h于2013年3月2日入院。患者曾于3年前因持续胸痛发作就诊我院,当时心电图示:窦性心律,Ⅲ、aVF导联Q波,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段弓背向上抬高0.2 mV,T波高尖,Ⅰ、aVL、V1、V2导联ST段压低0.1~0.2 mV,T波倒置。诊断为"急性下壁心肌梗死",行急诊冠状动脉造影检查示:前降     

动态心电图分析诊断Bruada综合征(附1例报告)

Bruada综合征是以多形性室速或室颤引起晕厥或猝死,心电图存在V1 - V3导联ST段抬高特征性等改变,心脏结构正常的临床及心电图综合征.临床上总结了Brua-da综合征的心电特征并将其分为三型:Ⅰ型:以突出的"穹隆型"ST段抬高为特征,表现为J波或抬高的ST段顶点≥2 mm,随T波倒置,ST段与T波之间很少或无等电位线分离.Ⅱ型:J波幅度(≥2mm)引起ST段下斜型抬高(在基线上方并≥1mm),紧随正向或双向T波,形成"鞍型"T段图型:Ⅱ型:右胸前导联ST段抬高＜1mm,可以表现为"马鞍型"或"穹隆型",或两者兼有.     

Electrocardiographic changes in serious decompression sickness

Electrocardiographic changes observed in 21 dogs suffering from spinal cord decompression sickness (DCS) are described. Changes seen included P wave peaking and P-R depression compatible with right heart strain; S-T segment and T wave changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia; and ventricular arrhythmias ranging from unifocal premature ventricular contractions to ventricular tachycardia. Compression therapy did not always restore the ECG changes promptly to normality. The changes are discussed in association with concurrent physiological events. These included pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypertension and hypotension, and cerebral DCS. Possible mechanisms ranging from local cardiac DCS or coronary gas embolism to autonomic nervous system disturbances arising from cerebral and spinal cord DCS are reviewed. It is concluded that ECG recordings should be made more often when treating clinical DCS.     

下体负压作用下心血管系统某些变化的机制探讨

在-4kPa 下体负压作用下,测定35只开胸麻醉犬的血压、左室内压,冠状动脉血流,心电图和心外膜电图;测定了注入利血平,阿托品、异丙肾上腺素及葡萄糖右旋糖酐的被麻醉家兔的血压,心电图和心率,并处死动物,电镜观察心肌组织。结果表明,心电图ST—T 变化是与冠状动脉血流减少、心肌缺血和植物性神经系统功能状态有关。增加交感神经系统活性和血容量可提高对负压的耐力。负压时发生的心肌细胞内线粒体与毛细血管的变化是可以恢复的。     

Abnormal 201Tl myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in energetic male patients with myocardial bridge

Myocardial bridge is a relatively benign condition where a major coronary artery is bridged by a band of muscle and narrows during systole, particularly during rapid heart rates. Its clinical presentation and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes overlap with that of coronary artery disease. 201Tl myocardial perfusion imaging is thus frequently prescribed for further evaluation. This retrospective study was carried out to determine the 201Tl image patterns in patients with myocardial bridge. A total of 17 male patients (aged from 30 to 63 years) who had a positive exercise ECG and angiographic evidence of myocardial bridge in the mid-third of the left anterior descending coronary artery were recruited. Most of them were robust and received routine physical check-ups. They had no known heart disease or medication that affected cardiac function. The patients' clinical presentations, echocardiograph and exercise ECG findings were analysed. 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed by intravenous injection of 201Tl (111 MBq) immediately following stress (treadmill or dipyridamole induced) and 4 h after stress, using a fixed, right angle camera equipped with a low energy, general purpose collimator. The images were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Nine of the 17 patients had anterior chest pain during exercise. All patients had an abnormal ECG during exercise, including ST-T wave depression in leads II, III and aVF, and v4-6. Except for eight patients revealing reversible perfusion defect (R), 16 of the 17 patients also exhibited a partial reversible perfusion defect (PR) or a significant reverse redistribution (RR) scan pattern in the anterior or inferior walls of the left ventricle. Myocardial bridge should be taken into consideration in energetic male patients who had abnormal exercise ECGs and the corresponding patterns of Tl SPECT abnormalities including R, PR and RR.     

心肌灌注断层显像与运动心电图ST段移位检测心肌缺血部位比较

目的　探讨运动心肌灌注断层显像与运动心电图ST段移位检测心肌缺血部位的一致性。方法　心肌灌注异常和ST段移位患者 3 0 2例 ,将ST段移位所在心肌部位与灌注异常部位进行相关性比较。结果　 40例ST段抬高的患者常有心绞痛史 ,并且易为运动诱发 ,运动持续时间较短(P <0 .0 5 )。ST段压低的部位与灌注异常的部位之间存在弱一致性 (Κ =0 .3 6,P <0 .0 1) ;左前降支(LAD)支配节段的灌注异常最常伴有前壁ST段压低 (χ2 =60 6.5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;ST段抬高与心肌灌注异常在病变定位上完全一致 (Κ =1.0 0 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　ST段压低与灌注异常的定位一致性差 ,而ST段抬高则与灌注异常定位显著一致。     

Case report: Isolated right coronary artery obstruction presenting as acute anterior myocardial infarction

A patient presented with chest pain and S-T segment elevation in the anterior chest leads diagnostic of acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI). The non-invasive imaging studies showed no evidence of left ventricular anterior MI but showed a right ventricular MI. Coronary angiography showed an isolated right coronary artery obstruction. Occasionally, the ECG in acute right ventricular myocardial infarction may resemble an anterior MI. The differentiation is important from a therapeutic viewpoint.     

99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging in myocarditis

Myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m-labelled methoxyisobutyl isonitrile single photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-MIBI SPECT) has proven to be an important clinical procedure in assessing the severity of myocardial ischaemia. The uptake and clearance of 99mTc-MIBI by the myocardium is affected by cell viability and membrane integrity. Consequently, infectious diseases, such as myocarditis, may also affect myocardial perfusion by inducing local inflammation and necrosis. We compared 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging with other heart monitoring methods in order to assess its value in the diagnosis of children with Coxsackie viral myocarditis. We examined 46 patients (age, 3-12 years) with Coxsackie viral myocarditis using 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging and compared the perfusion data with myocardial enzymes, electrocardiographic findings and echocardiography. Regions of hypoperfusion were found in all 46 patients. Seventeen patients (37%) showed two or more areas of diminished perfusion. Myocardial hypoperfusion was mild-to-moderate (<30%) in 33 (72%) patients and severe (>30%) in 13 (28%) patients. Characteristic creatine-kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) increases, ST-T segment changes and diminished heart function were significantly correlated with reduced myocardial perfusion (all comparisons P<0.05). The results of this study suggest that the presence of myocardial uptake of 99mTc-MIBI may be a marker of myocardial inflammation and necrosis. All 46 patients with Coxsackie viral myocarditis showed a certain degree of reduced perfusion. When the perfusion findings were compared with other parameters, it was shown that myocardial enzyme levels, ST-T segment changes and left ventricular function correlated well with the 99mTc-MIBI-established perfusion defect severity. 99mTc-MIBI SPECT imaging is therefore helpful in providing additional diagnostic information in patients with Coxsackie viral myocarditis.     

不同NYHA分级慢性心力衰竭患者心肌纤维化指标水平与心电图变化的临床意义

 目的 探讨不同NYHA分级慢性心力衰竭患者心肌纤维化指标水平与心电图ST-T、T波峰末间期变化及临床意义。方法 选取医院2014-10至2017-10收治的慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者93例为治疗组,另选取同期健康体检者93例设为对照组。所有受检者均接受心电图检查,统计治疗组与对照组Tp-Te间期情况、治疗组不同NYHA分级患者间心电图ST-T变化及Tp-Te间期情况及血清心肌纤维化指标层粘连蛋白(LN)、前Ⅲ胶原(PCⅢ)、透明质酸(HA)水平,并统计分析心电图ST-T变化及Tp-Te间期与CHF患者心功能NYHA分级间相关性及血清LN、PCⅢ、HA水平与CHF患者心功能NYHA分级间相关性。结果 治疗组Tp-Te(100.23±19.07)ms及Tp-Te/√RR(3.71±0.69)ms均大于对照组,RR(785.67±123.34)ms小于对照组(P<0.05);不同NYHA分级患者间心电图ST-T改变程度、Tp-Te及RR、Tp-Te/√RR间存在统计学差异(P<0.05),但Ⅱ级患者与Ⅲ级患者各指标间无统计学差异,Ⅳ级患者心电图ST-T改变程度高于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者,Tp-Te及Tp-Te/√RR大于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者,RR小于Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级患者(P<0.05);单因素方差检验可知,不同NYHA分级患者血清LN、PCⅢ、HA水平间差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),多重比较,Ⅲ级患者血清LN、PCⅢ、HA水平高于Ⅱ级患者,Ⅳ级患者血清LN、PCⅢ、HA水平高于Ⅲ级患者(P<0.05);心电图ST-T变化、Tp-Te及Tp-Te/√RR与NYHA分级间存在明显正相关关系(P<0.05),RR与NYHA分级间存在明显负相关关系;LN、PCⅢ、HA水平与NYHA分级间存在明显正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 CHF患者心电图ST-T明显改变,T波峰末间期增大,心肌纤维化水平异常增高。     

动态心电图诊断变异性心绞痛的价值

目的探讨24 h动态心电图对变异性心绞痛诱发缺血性J波的临床意义。方法回顾性分析15例在动态心电图检测中发生变异性心绞痛诱发缺血性J波,对缺血性J波进行分析。结果缺血性J波发生的导联与冠状动脉病变血管基本相符;变异性心绞痛发作时伴有心律失常,以室性心律失常多见。15例均捕捉到与临床症状相关的一过性J波与ST段抬高伴对应导联ST段压低改变。结论变异性心绞痛合并缺血性J波是心肌严重缺血时伴发的一种超急性期心电图改变,可诱发恶性室性心律失常等, 应高度重视。24 h动态心电图可记录变异性心绞痛发作过程,对变异性心绞痛合并缺血性J波的诊断可以早期发现高危人群。     

Two cases of microvascular vasospastic angina usefulness of 99mTc-tetrofosmin myocardial SPECT in clinical diagnosis

Case 1 involved a 52-year-old man with angina chest pain at rest and case 2 involved a 63-year-old woman with chest oppression at rest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed negative T wave in III and aVF leads in case 1, and complete atrioventricular block and ST segment depression in II, III, aVF, and V5-6 leads in case 2. In both cases, 99mTc-tetrofosmin myocardial SPECT showed reduced uptake in the inferior and posterior wall. Although bath patients' left coronary arteriographies were normal, right coronary arteriographies revealed severely delayed filling of contrast medium without significant narrowing of epicardial coronary arteries, suggesting microembolism or microvascular vasospasm. An intracoronary infusion of isosorbide dinitrate did not improve the delayed filling of contrast medium or ST segment depression on ECG. Soon after intracoronary infusion of diltiazem in case 1 and nicorandil in case 2, coronary arterial flows were normalized, chest symptoms disappeared, and ECG findings were normalized. The next day, both patients' 99mTc-tetrofosmin myocardial SPECT showed normal uptake. These findings suggest that myocardial ischemia in these cases might be explained as having been caused by microvascular spasm.