老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的疗效评价

目的　评价老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的临床疗效和安全性。方法　对比分析 49例老年 (86支血管 )和 6 1例老年前期 (98支血管 )冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的结果。结果　老年组冠状动脉病变严重、复杂病变较多 ,在复杂病变内置入支架比率高于老年前期组 ;手术即刻成功率和临床成功率均为 98.0 % ;术前病变平均狭窄率为 (94.5± 5 .6 ) % ,术后残余狭窄率为 (7.4± 8.2 ) % ;因球囊扩张不理想置入支架的为 45 .0 % ,因经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)并发夹层或濒临闭塞而置入支架的比率高于老年前期组。出现严重并发症 1例(2 .0 % )。结论　老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术成功率高 ,并发症发生率低。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(附10例报告)

我院自1988.8～1992.11共完成经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)10例.患者均为冠心病,心肌梗塞后心绞痛8例,不稳定心绞痛2例.冠脉造影示2支血管病变4例,单支血管病变6例.10例PTCA中成功7例.共扩张8处狭窄,术后残余狭窄为0～20%.术后随访3个月～3年,其中冠脉造影随访1例,未见再狭窄.术后复查ECT,示心肌缺血明显改善.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及支架植入术对QT离散度的影响

目的　观察冠心病患者在经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)及支架植入术后QT离散度(QTd)的变化。方法　 44例冠心病患者经PTCA及支架植入术后血管再通者纳入研究。术前一周内及术后 48h内分别记录体表 12导联同步心电图 ,测量QTd及QTc离散度 (QTcd)。为评价冠状动脉造影对QTd及QTcd可能产生的影响 ,我们还测量了同期 10 8例行冠状动脉造影术的患者手术前后的QTd及QTcd。结果　 (1) 10 8例行冠状动脉造影术者及其亚组 (术前QTd延长组、正常组 ,QTcd延长组、正常组 ,单支病变组 ,二支病变组 )手术前后QTd及QTcd差异均无显著性 ;(2 )PTCA及支架植入术组手术前后QTd差异也无显著性 ,但QTcd却从术前的 (5 8 9± 33 3)ms缩短至术后的 (4 7 6± 2 0 9)ms(P <0 0 5 )。亚组分析表明 :术前QTd延长组 (75 4± 2 5 2 )ms术后明显缩短 (4 7 5± 19 6 )ms,P <0 0 1;术前QTcd延长组 (95 3± 30 3)ms术后也明显改善 (5 2 5± 2 5 6 )ms ,P <0 0 1;单支病变组手术后QTd(4 1 6± 16 9)ms及QTcd(4 4 3± 18 2 )ms均较术前 [QTd及QTcd分别为 (5 5 5± 2 6 4)ms及 (6 0 3± 31 1)ms]明显缩短 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ;而术前QTc或QTcd正常组、二支病变组手术后QTc及QTcd均无明显变化。结论　PTCA及支架术可明显缩短QTcd ;     

经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术的临床应用

目的 :评价经皮桡动脉冠状动脉造影术与冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)的临床应用价值。方法 :有选择性的对 37例患者行经皮桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术 ,观察其疗效和血管并发症。结果 :1 桡动脉穿刺成功率为 93 8% (有 2例失败 )。 2 14例冠状动脉造影正常 ,17例冠状动脉造影显示 2 6处存在≥ 70 %的狭窄病变 ,适合行冠状动脉介入手术。 2 6处病变有 4处PTCA疗效满意 ,2 2处行PTCA +支架术 ,植入支架 31只。狭窄从 (81± 12 ) %降低至 (10 6± 7 4 ) % ,最小血管直径由 (0 86± 0 12 )mm增加至 (3 0 8± 0 32 )mm。 6例病人行冠状动脉旁路移植术。 3 所有患者术后即拔导管鞘 ,局部压迫 4h。术后并发症的发生率为 3 3% (1例术后的桡动脉闭塞 )。结论 :经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉成形术安全可行 ,其具有穿刺部位出血少、住院时间短的特点 ,可选择性的应用于某些冠心病患者。     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉造影研究

目的 通过冠状动脉造影评估冠心病(CHD)合并2型糖尿病(DM)患者(DM组)与不合并糖尿病患者(非DM组)的冠状动脉在狭窄分布、严重程度、狭窄支数等方面的差异. 方法 资料来源于1999年至2003年间,因心前区不适或拟行冠状动脉血管重建,经冠脉造影证实至少有一支血管狭窄≥50℅的患者252例.根据1997年WHO修订的DM诊断标准,检测入院后前3d空腹血糖(FBS)、餐后2小时血糖(PBS)和糖化血红蛋白.FBS≥7.0 mmol/L或(和)PBS≥11.1 mmol/L的患者57例(22.6%)归为DM组,FBS＜7.0mmol/L且PBS＜11.0 mmol/L的患者195例归为非DM组,检测血脂、血压、左室舒张末压、左室射血分数等相关指标.冠状动脉狭窄程度根据美国心脏病协会(AHA)1975年分类标准评价. 结果 2组患者在年龄及病变血管分布上无统计学差异.DM组患者中,女性患者所占比率33.2%,高于非DM组;DM组患者比非DM组患者有更高的高血压、高血脂发生率(P＜O.05),DM组合并心衰的比例高于非DM组(15.3%,14.2%),但差异无统计学意义.多支病变或左主干病变发生率,重度狭窄及完全闭塞的发生率DM组高于非DM组(P＜0.05). 结论 DM组的患者多支病变及完全闭塞的发生率高于非DM组,DM可促进冠状动脉病变的发生及发展,是CHD的独立致病因素.     

卡维地洛对冠脉成形术后血管内皮功能的影响

目的　观察卡维地洛对冠心病患者冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)术后血管内皮功能的影响并探讨其临床意义。方法　经冠状动脉造影证实有一支或二支以上≥ 70 %狭窄需行PTCA的患者 5 1例 ,随机分成卡维地洛 (金络 )治疗组 2 8例和常规治疗组 2 3例。测定PTCA前后及用药前后外周血内皮素 (ET)及一氧化氮 (NO)含量并进行比较。结果　PTCA术后血中ET较术前增高、NO较术前降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;卡维地洛组ET较用药前降低、NO较用药前增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,常规治疗组ET及NO观察 2周均无显著变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　卡维地洛可以改善冠脉成形术后血管内皮功能。     

老年2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者冠状动脉造影及临床特点分析

目的了解老年2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的临床及冠状动脉病变的造影特点。方法对185例经冠状动脉造影诊断的老年冠心病患者分为两组:有糖尿病组(DM)和无糖尿病组(NDM),分析比较了两组的临床表现及冠状动脉病变的造影特点。结果(1)两组间年龄、吸烟、高血压及心肌梗死率的差异均无显著性意义。甘油三酯(TG)水平DM组较NDM组高(P<0.05)。(2)两组病变血管数量及侧支循环形成情况比较差异无显著性,两组的病变血管分布状况相似。(3)两组冠脉狭窄支数、狭窄程度比较差异均无显著性,DM组的冠脉狭窄范围较NDM组广泛(3.17vs2.44,P<0.05),DM组冠状动脉狭窄<50%的血管片段数高于NDM组。结论老年糖尿病合并冠心病患者的冠状动脉更倾向于弥漫性病变,高TG可加重DM的冠状动脉病变。     

女性冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点

目的:探讨冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变特点及其相关危险因素,以及糖尿病对冠状动脉病变的作用机制。方法:2000年7月至2003年12月行冠状动脉造影术(CAG)确诊为冠心病的女性患者162例,年龄45～81岁,平均(60.63±8.41)岁。按有无糖尿病(DM)分为DM组41例,非DM组121例,2组之间比较其相关临床因素及造影情况、治疗情况,进行卡方检验或t检验,分析其差异有无显著性。结果:1.DM组与非DM组比较,胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、体重指数(BMI)均差异有显著性,除HDL外,余指标均为DM组高。DM组高血压、心肌梗死、冠心病发生率高于非DM组(P<0.05);2.DM组病变血管支/人、多支病变、弥散病变、血管中重度狭窄病变数及百分比均高于非DM组(P<0.05);3.DM组需经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)人数及百分比也高于非DM组(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病是发生冠心病的独立危险因素,并常与高血压、脂代谢紊乱/或肥胖等因素同时存在。女性冠心病伴发糖尿病者,其冠状动脉病变程度加重,多支病变、弥散病变多、心肌梗死等危险心脏事件发生率高。     

心磁图在冠心病患者经皮腔内冠状动脉成型术后随访中的应用

目的探讨心磁图法在冠心病患者经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成型术(PTCA)后随访中的临床应用。方法应用德国SQUID公司的7通道心磁图仪,分别检测55例冠心病患者(冠脉造影至少有1支血管狭窄≥50%)在PTCA术前、术后24h、术后1个月和50例健康人的心磁图,比较PTCA术前、术后不同时刻病理性电流区域存在的强度和时间,并分析定量指标异常磁图比(RAM)STT间期中严重异常的心磁图占总磁图数的百分比。结果冠心病组PTCA术前的RAM为(7200±2688)%,对照组为(3922±2531)%,两组差异有显著性(P<0001)。PTCA术前的RAM(7200±2688)%和PTCA术后24h的RAM(6782±2996)%比较差异无显著性(P>005),PTCA术后1月时的RAM(5052±3175)%较PTCA术前有显著改善(P<001)。结论心磁图是PTCA术后效果监测的很有价值的一种无创性随访方法。     

糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变的对比分析

目的　了解糖尿病 (DM )合并急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者冠状动脉病变的特征。　方法　冠心病监护病房收治的 38例空腹血糖≥ 7 0mmol/L的ACS患者 (DM组 ) ,同期选择与之性别、年龄 (± 2岁 )、吸烟、高血压、心脏肌钙蛋白和心肌梗死史相匹配的糖耐量正常的 4 7例作为对照的ACS患者 (NDM组 ) ,分别对两组进行冠状动脉造影分析及比较。　结果　 (1)血纤维蛋白原、空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度DM组较NDM组高 (P均 <0 0 5 ) ;而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇DM组较NDM组低 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )DM组较NDM组冠状动脉单支病变发生率低(2 3 4 0 %与 4 4 6 8%比 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;而多支病变的发生率高 (4 4 73%与 19 19%比 ,P <0 0 5 )。　结论　DM合并ACS患者的冠状动脉病变范围广泛 ,DM发生ACS是多因素协同的结果。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.