在校大学生吸烟认知、态度和行为调查分析

目的探讨在校大学生吸烟认知、态度和吸烟行为现状。方法采用随机抽样方式,对山西某两所高校1855名在校大学生进行问卷调查,并对两组大学生吸烟认知及吸烟行为进行分析。结果收回有效问卷1700份,收回率为91．6％。1700名被调查学生中不同年级学生对烟草有害成分中尼古丁和烟焦油的知晓率两组比较无差异（P〉0．05）,但对烟草中氮氧化物、一氧化碳和放射性物质的知晓率有差异（P〈0．01）。该组大学生总吸烟率21．1％,不同年级吸烟率比较无差异（P〉0．05）;结论在校大学生虽然对烟草中有害成分和吸烟对健康危害的认知程度有所不同,不同年级吸烟率水平均较高,应加强对大学生的控烟健康教育。     

男大学生吸烟状况调查分析

目的 了解男大学生的吸烟状况及吸烟心理.方法 采用自拟的问卷附加Russell吸烟问卷,调查了某大学223名男生.结果 从223份问卷中获得200份合格问卷,吸烟者为96人,吸烟率为48%;镇静在学生吸烟原因中起主要原因.结论 大学生的吸烟率较高,该结果可以作为制定戒除和预防吸烟行为的依据.     

大学生吸烟状况调查

目的了解大学生吸烟状况,探讨吸烟行为影响因素,为制定预防与干预措施提供依据。方法用中国疾病预防控制中心制订的《中国城市青少年健康危险行为监测问卷(大学)》,采用整群随机抽样方法,对荆州市942名在校大学生进行调查。结果大学生目前吸烟报告率为25.5%,经常吸烟报告率为9.4%。不同性别、年级、专业大学生吸烟报告率有显著性差异。父母文化程度、家庭类型、父母吸烟行为等对大学生吸烟行为有一定影响。目前吸烟大学生的学习成绩差、参与类似赌博性娱乐活动、有过性行为等的发生率与目前不吸烟大学生有显著性差异。结论应重视吸烟行为对大学生健康的危害,积极开展健康教育以及针对大学生吸烟的行为进行干预。     

汾阳市大学生吸烟的现状调查分析

研究大学生吸烟的现状及影响因素，有助于反映我国青年这一群体吸烟的现状及形成原因，为开展针对性的控烟健康教育和干预对策提供科学的依据，为此我们于2004年5月对汾阳市的大学生进行了吸烟现状调查。     

居民吸烟行为调查分析

目的 分析河南省居民吸烟行为,为有针对性地制定控烟措施提供基础资料.方法 使用2002年河南省居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对24892名(男12 102人,女12 790人)15岁及以上居民的吸烟行为,包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、常吸烟率、重型吸烟率、平均吸烟量、戒烟率、复吸率等进行分析.结果 河南省15岁及以上居民吸烟率为18.7%,男性(44.6%)明显高于女性(1.0%),目前吸烟率为18.0%,男性(43.5%)明显高于女性(0.9%).农村居民上述指标均高于城市居民.结论 河南省居民中吸烟率仍然很高,烟草控制仍然面临着巨大的挑战,应采取有针对性的措施,有效地控制烟草的消费.     

某师范学院大学生吸烟现状调查

目的了解大学生主动吸烟与被动吸烟的现状,为控制大学生吸烟提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法对562名周口师范学院的学生进行问卷调查,并对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果收回有效问卷550份(收回率为83.3%)。550名被调查学生中总吸烟率20.18%,其中男生吸烟率38.87%,女生2.04%,男女生吸烟率比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);不同年级大学生吸烟率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);95.09%的大学生认为吸烟损害健康,93.82%的大学生认为被动吸烟有损健康。结论大学生虽然知晓吸烟对健康的危害性,但吸烟率仍较高,应加强对大学生的控烟健康教育。     

保定市大学生被动吸烟状况及相关认知调查

目的：了解大学生被动吸烟暴露情况及相关知识、态度及行为状况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对保定市4所高校2730名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果调查问卷有效回收率为95．3％。2602名被调查大学生中,总吸烟率为12．9％。2267名不吸烟大学生中,被动吸烟率24．6％,其中男生38．4％,女生12．4％,男女生被动吸烟率差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．01）。男生的被动吸烟率随着年级的升高明显升高（ P ＜0．01）。艺术类和体育专业男生被动吸烟率高于其它专业（ P ＜0．01）。宿舍是男生被动吸烟发生率最高的场所。90％以上大学生知晓被动吸烟危害健康,但知识掌握不全面。38．2％学生对被动吸烟表示非常反感,能够做到主动劝阻的只有16．3％。结论应加强高校控烟工作,强化大学生的控烟健康教育,改善大学生被动吸烟状况。     

医学生吸烟行为的调查与分析

为了解医学生的吸烟情况及心理、行为状态，我们对广州中医药大学各年级男生共500人进行吸烟情况调查，其吸烟率为39.8%,吸烟原因主要有心理因素和社会因素,部分吸烟学生已出现各种不同症状,且86.4%的吸烟学生有烟瘾。     

大学生复习考试期间的心理卫生

当代大学生在复习考试期间往往会出现一些与平时不同的心理现象,少数学生甚至发生一些心理疾病.探讨大学生的考试心理,指导他们搞好心理卫生,保持心态平衡,是心理医学的一个重要课题.     

珠海市学生吸烟情况调查分析

目的了解珠海市学生对吸烟的认知情况以及吸烟行为情况。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取珠海市8所中学及2所大学的3268名学生,进行问卷调查。结果有22．3％学生吸过烟,男生吸烟率明显高于女生,53．2％的学生第一次吸整支烟的年龄集中在9～16岁;部分学生缺乏吸烟的正确认识;性别、年级、学业成绩等因素对吸烟行为存在着影响。结论学生吸烟问题情况严重,应采取综合的干预措施及进行系统的健康教育,更好地控制青少年吸烟。     

Associations of Mental Health Problems With Waterpipe Tobacco and Cigarette Smoking Among College Students

Associations between the emerging trend of waterpipe tobacco smoking and mental health among college students have not been sufficiently explored. This study analyzed data collected from 152 academic institutions that participated in the National College Health Assessment during the 2008–2009 academic year to examine associations between mental health and waterpipe tobacco smoking among college students (N = 100,891). For comparison, cigarette smoking was also examined. Associations with mental health variables were very strong for cigarette smoking but only moderate for waterpipe smoking. Study implications and limitations are noted.     

Health Changes and Smoking: An Economic Analysis

This article considers dynamic models of smoking under uncertainty, wherein individuals learn about the associated risks both through experimentation and observation. We use smokers' changes in self-reported health in long-run household panel data as an individualized measure of information about how dangerous smoking is for them. We find that own past health changes while smoking are often positively correlated with current cigarette consumption, implying learning. However, other household members' health changes have only a weak effect. We emphasize individual heterogeneity, using both fixed effects in the analysis of cigarette consumption and age and sex differences in how individuals react to health changes. We conclude that smokers do indeed react to personalized health information (but not necessarily from generalized information) and modify their behavior accordingly. The way in which they react differs sharply by sex and by age, suggesting that aggregate correlations may be misleading.

“Things do not change; we change.”

Henry David Thoreau     

药学院贫困生心理健康调查及分析

采用SCL-90量表[1] 对药学院大学生 133人进行心理健康调查。结果显示 ,SCL-90除躯体化一项外 ,其余各因子分及总分均高于国内常模 ,主要心理问题为强迫、人际关系、抑郁、偏执 ,男生睡眠饮食因子分高于女生。提示应加强贫困大学生的心理健康教育 ,完善社会资助体系 ,帮助贫困大学生摆脱困境 ,渡过心理难关     

Health Warnings,Smoking Rules,and Smoking Status: A Cross-National Comparison of Turkey and the United States

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of smoking status (i.e., current, former and never) between the United States and Turkey in terms of age and gender, and examine how smoking rules and health warnings are associated with smoking status within and between the two countries. Methods: The study used data from the 2012–2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey (U.S. sample, N = 60,196) and the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (Turkey sample, N = 9,581). SAS PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC with a weighted variable was used to examine the associations between demographics (age, gender and education), smoking rules, health warnings, and smoking status within and between the two countries. Results: There was an 18% current smoking prevalence among U.S. sample, compared to 27% of the Turkey sample. The U.S. sample had a higher rate of former smoking compared to the Turkey sample (25% vs. 22%). In both countries, being older and male gender predicted former smoking while being younger and female gender predicted never smoking. Having seen a health warning, and not allowing smoking in the vehicle and home positively predicted former and never smoking status. Higher education predicted both smoking statuses in the U.S. only. Conclusions: It is important to work with partners particularly in low- and middle-income countries (e.g., Turkey) to combat the global tobacco epidemic. In both counties, cessation endeavors should emphasize a comprehensive understanding of smoking status in terms of smoking rules in personal spaces and health warnings.     

Estimating the Determinants of Smoking Behavior in Taiwan

This paper investigates the determinants of the smoking behavior of people in Taiwan based on data obtained from the 2004 Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics. The sample size consists of 3,015 individuals whose ages range from 33 to 75. Probit models are estimated separately for the smoking behavior equations. The results indicate that gender, marital status, age, health, employment, and the presence of young children have a relatively important impact on an individual's smoking behavior. In addition, the results of the estimated predictors, such as having higher educational attainment, having smoking family members and smoking peers, and being aware of the harmful effects of smoking, also bring to light crucial policy implications. Study limitations are noted.     

Addiction and Other Reasons Adolescent Smokers Give to Justify Smoking

Background: The primary purpose of this paper is to examine youth addiction and other justifications for adolescent smoking, and how they affect the level of consumption. Methods: Data from the Spanish ‘State Survey on Drug Use among High School Students’ aged between 14 and 18 years old were used in this paper. To account for the nature of the cigarette consumption data, several count data models were estimated in order to select the one that best fits adolescent smoking consumption. Results: Most adolescent smokers smoke because it relaxes them, and about a quarter of them recognize that they are addicted. Moreover, the latter group smoke 44% more cigarettes than the rest (IRR = 1.444), revealing the strong addictive nature of tobacco, even at early ages. Moreover, parents’ smoking increases the probability of smoking and has an impact on the level of consumption. Conclusions: The implications of these findings offer insight for parents, researchers, educators, and cessation interventionists, as awareness of self-reported and other predictors held by smoking youth creates a vantage point to facilitate changes in smoking behavior.     

Influence of Family Smoking Habits and Passive Smoking on Smoking Status Among Belgrade University Students

Background: There are many factors that affect smoking behavior. Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the most important risk factors related to smoking in the sample population of students at the University of Belgrade with a special emphasize on the family role. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 2,000 students of the Belgrade University. Four faculties (Medicine, Geography, Economics, and Electrical Engineering) from which the students participating in this research were chosen by the method of random choice, conducted in the period April–June 2010. Results: Independent risk factors for smoking in students, assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis, included: repeating a year (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, p < .001), the number of hours spent in the rooms where others smoke (OR = 2.86, p < .001), brother smoker (OR = 1.88, p < .001), sister smoker (OR = 2.33, p < .001), knowledge about the association between smoking and lung cancer (OR = 0.31, p < .001), and depression (OR = 1.02, p = .013). Conclusion: Bearing in mind the influence of siblings, prevention, and intervention efforts should be focused more on family members than on the broader social environment. The results also indicate the need to develop a conscience on a healthy life style and to educate people to enhance and improve their health control.     

Mental Health Problems,Legal Involvement,and Smoking During Pregnancy

The current study examined predictors of past 30-day cigarette use among a US nationally representative sample of pregnant women over the age of 18 (N = 1,782). The study consisted of secondary data analysis of the 2005–2007 survey years of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Logistic regression analyses indicated that low-income women, those who experienced mental health problems in the past year, and women who experienced legal problems were more likely to smoke during pregnancy. Limitations to the study as well as implications for future research are discussed.     

A Workshop on Smoking Cessation for Pharmacy Students

Objective. To develop, implement, and evaluate a targeted educational intervention focusing on smoking cessation with final-year undergraduate pharmacy students.Design. A smoking-cessation educational workshop entitled Smoking Cessation in Pharmacy (SCIP) was designed on the principles of adult learning and implemented with a full cohort of final-year undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Sydney. A previously validated questionnaire testing the knowledge and attitudes of respondents was administered both before and after implementation of the designed workshop to evaluate changes resulting from the intervention. Informal feedback was obtained from students.Assessment. Pre-course mean total knowledge and attitude scores calculated were 65.8±9.1 and 86.4±12.1, respectively. The post-course mean total knowledge score was 74.9±8.1, and the attitude score was 88.8±9.1 Improvement in knowledge and attitudes was significant (p<0.05).Conclusion. Educational interventions for pharmacy students designed with careful attention to pedagogic principles can improve knowledge about evidence-based smoking-cessation strategies and enhance positive attitudes to pharmacist roles in smoking cessation.     

Cigarette Smoking in Youths With Mental Health and Substance Use Problems: Prevalence,Patterns, and Potential for Intervention

Mental health symptoms and substance use disorders are clear risk factors for cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence among young people, yet research on cigarette smoking among youths with concurrent mental health and substance use disorders (“dual diagnosis”) is considerably lacking. We examined smoking history and perspectives regarding smoking, cessation, and mental health and substance use in 97 adolescents and emerging adults (ages 14 to 24) referred to a program for youths with concurrent mental health and substance use disorders in Canada. Results show high rates of cigarette smoking, and modest interest in quitting but little interest in attending formalized programs to assist with cessation. Many participants reported smoking more when mental health was worse; most reported that they frequently smoke cigarettes and use drugs or alcohol concurrently. Current smokers perceived more benefits from cigarette smoking in regulating emotions and ameliorating their mental health symptoms than former smokers. In contrast, perceived detrimental effects of smoking were unrelated to current smoking status. Results suggest a need for integrated treatment that incorporates emotion regulation as part of cessation approaches. Integrating smoking cessation approaches into existing mental health and substance use treatments may be more palatable to adolescents and emerging adults than stand-alone smoking cessation programs.