经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术三种方法的对比分析

目的探讨聚乙烯单囊法、双球囊法及Inoue球囊法行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术(PBPV)治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)的效果及选择要点.方法对42例先天性PS患者分别采用单囊法(n=15)、双球囊法(n=9)及Inoue球囊法(n=18)行PBPV治疗,对比分析手术前后血液动力学变化及瓣膜最大开放直径.结果PBPV术后右室收缩压、右室流出道收缩压分别由(14.69±6.01)kPa和(12.16±3.48)kPa下降至(8.14±5.26)kPa和(5.39±2.21)kPa,肺动脉收缩压由(1.57±0.56)kPa上升至(2.75±0.62)kPa.肺动脉瓣最大开放直径由术前的(8.90±2.06)cm上升至(17.16±2.16)cm.单囊法、双球囊法及Inoue球囊法术后跨肺动脉瓣压力阶差分别为(2.40±2.05)kPa、(3.29±2.25)kPa和(2.52±1.95)kPa;收缩期右室至肺动脉总压力阶差分别为(2.40±2.05)kPa、(4.98±4.26)kPa、(6.16±6.93)kPa和(5.65±4.75)kPa.平均随访(2.5±1.6)年,超声多普勒测肺动脉瓣流速从术后的(2.38±1.89)m/s降至(2.22±1.96)m/s,跨肺动脉瓣压力阶差(3.02±1.9)kPa降低至(2.86±2.04)kPa.结论①3种PBPV方法治疗PS均可取得较好的近期及中远期疗效.②对瓣环较小的低年龄患者,应选用聚乙烯单球囊法;而对瓣环较大、主肺动脉扩张的大龄患者应首选Inoue球囊法,聚乙烯双囊法偶可作为Inoue球囊法的补充.     

经皮肺动脉瓣球囊扩张治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄

目的　观察先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄经皮球囊扩张成形术 (PBPV)即刻疗效、安全性。方法　对我院开展的PBPV 6例青少年肺动脉瓣狭窄进行分析。结果　 6例治疗均获得成功 ,右室收缩压由术前 9 82kPa± 1 57kPa降为术后4 84kPa± 0 83kPa。肺动脉收缩压由术前 2 58kPa± 0 85kPa升为术后 3 98kPa± 1 0 6kPa。右室肺动脉跨瓣压差由术前 6 82kPa± 1 53kPa降为术后 1 0 9kPa± 0 84kPa。并且术后体检杂音均明显减弱 ,未发现明显并发症。结论　PBPV手术成功率高、并发症少、安全有效 ,可作为先天性圆顶样肺动脉瓣狭窄首选治疗方法     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术临床应用

作者1988年～1998年对62名先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者实施了经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV),患者平均年龄201岁。PBPV后即刻肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差(ΔP)由术前71±27mmHg降至37±15mmHg,54例随访1～9年,平均47±21年,ΔP进一步降为24±9mmHg。术中及术后无严重并发症。结论:PBPV治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄安全、有效,即刻与中远期效果均良好。     

房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄患者同期行介入治疗的疗效评价

目的 :初步评价房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄同期行介入治疗的疗效 .方法 :8例患者 ,年龄 3～ 37(1 3± 1 5 )岁 ,经临床及超声心动图确诊为房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄 .术前行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查 ,术中均行右室造影证实诊断 .首先在透视下经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术 (PBPV)治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄 (PS) ,术后即时右心导管观察右心室压力和跨肺动脉瓣压力压差变化 ;然后在食管超声心动图或经胸超声心动图监视下经导管置入Amplatzer伞封堵房间隔缺损 ,术后即时行超声心动图 ,术后 2 4h ,1mo ,3mo和 6mo分别行经胸超声心动图评价房间隔缺损治疗效果 .结果 :8例患者疗效均佳 ,PBPV术后即刻右室收缩压由 (1 1 .5 7± 4 .0 9)kPa降至 (5 .4 9± 2 .0 9)kPa (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,肺动脉至右心室跨瓣压差由 (7.5 7± 4 .4 9)kPa降至 (1 .89± 1 .6 3)kPa (P <0 .0 0 1 ) .房间隔未见残余分流 .结论 :房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄同期行介入治疗疗效可靠 ,是外科治疗的一种有效替代治疗     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄（附11例报告）

报道对11例肺动脉瓣狭窄患者施行经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(PBPV)治疗的体会。11例患者经手术后,右室收缩压由术前75.5±49.7降至38.7±13.8mmHg(P<0.01);肺动脉收缩压由术前15.2±6.5升至21.0±5.0mmHg(P<0.01);肺动脉平均压由术前8.5±2.9升至9.8±3.6mmHg(P<0.05);肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差由术前60.1±16.9降至33.5±16.6mmHg(P<0.01)。在1年后随访,跨瓣压差与术后即刻测定值无显著差异。作者认为,PBPV应列为治疗单纯肺动脉瓣狭窄的首选方法。     

影响经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术即刻与远期疗效的因素

目的:为评价经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者的即刻和远期效果及影响疗效的因素?方法:病例选择为自1999年1月至2005年12月行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄的患者,共39例?术前导管测肺动脉瓣收缩期峰值跨瓣压差为(65.6±29.8)mmHg?结果:术后导管测即刻肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差为(28.8±14.2)mmHg,跨瓣压差<36 mmHg的患者31例,占79.5%?成功随访31例?超声心动图多普勒测跨瓣压差为(32.7±21.1)mmHg?随访时跨瓣压差<36 mmHg,共25例,占80.6%?有4例患者出现不同程度再狭窄,其中2例再次行经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术,肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差降至36 mmHg以下,其余2例继续观察?Logistic回归显示,影响肺动脉瓣球囊成形术长期疗效最主要的因素为术后即刻跨瓣压差,术后即刻跨瓣压差>36 mmHg的患者,远期疗效相对较差?术中及随访时无严重不良并发症?结论:经皮肺动脉瓣球囊成形术安全?创伤小,但有小部分患者特别是术后即刻压差>36 mmHg的患者易发生再次狭窄,术后应注意随访?     

经皮球囊导管二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄的临床疗效

目的评价经皮球囊导管二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)的临床疗效。方法采用Inoue法对336例风湿性MS患者行PBMV。结果术后左房平均压由3.06±1.04kPa降至1.87±0.77kPa,二尖瓣跨瓣压差由2.11±0.21kPa降至0.8±0.08kPa,二尖瓣口面积由0.96±0.32cm     

经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术治疗儿童肺动脉瓣狭窄合并

目的:评估经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术(percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty,PBPV)治疗先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄(pulmonary stenosis,PS)合并先天性肺动脉瓣下狭窄(轻度)和肺动脉瓣上狭窄的临床疗效。方法:总结近10年经临床、心电图、胸片、超声心动图证实为肺动脉瓣狭窄合并瓣下狭窄(轻度)和瓣上狭窄共45例。行瓣膜扩张术前先确定瓣环大小、瓣口面积、跨肺动脉瓣压差。球囊直径选择比瓣环直径大20%~40%,扩张后即刻测肺动脉-右心室的跨瓣压差(△P),观察比较PBPV术后肺动脉瓣的开放、心电图及肺动脉瓣、三尖瓣的返流情况。结果:45例肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣下狭窄(轻度)或瓣上狭窄患儿中,42例扩张成功,成功率为93.333%。在肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣下狭窄(轻度)病例组及肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣上狭窄病例组中,术前、术后跨肺动脉瓣压差均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在肺动脉瓣狭窄合并瓣下狭窄(轻度)或瓣上狭窄病例组中,对于瓣环发育良好和轻中度肺动脉瓣环发育不良的患儿,术前、术后跨肺动脉瓣压差均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:当右室流出道血流速度小于3.810 m/s时,PBPV术是治疗肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣下(轻度)狭窄有效方法。对于肺动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉瓣上狭窄的患儿(肺动脉瓣上狭窄内径大于5 mm),PBPV术是比较安全、有效的方法。在肺动脉瓣狭窄合并瓣下狭窄(轻度)或瓣上狭窄病例组中,对于瓣环发育良好和轻中度肺动脉瓣环发育不良的患儿,PBPV术治疗效果较好。     

婴儿期经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的疗效分析

目的:探讨婴儿期经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的治疗效果。方法:22例单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄的婴儿行球囊肺动脉瓣成形术。结果:手术总成功率95.5%(21/22),术后跨瓣压差由(8.28±2.32)kPa降为(3.72±1.53)kPa(t=7.52,P<0.05),右室收缩压由(10.99±1.81)kPa降至(5.76±1.71)kPa(t=9.62,P<0.05)。随访期间跨瓣压差无明显变化,未发现严重并发症。结论:经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术是治疗婴儿期单纯性肺动脉瓣狭窄的一种安全有效的方法。     

INONUE球囊经皮肺动脉瓣成形术治疗成人肺动脉瓣狭窄临床疗效分析

目的：探讨应用Inoue球囊经皮肺动脉瓣成形术（PBPV）治疗成人肺动脉瓣狭窄（PVS）的临床疗效.方法：成人PVS患者56例,采用PBPV进行治疗,并以超声多普勒评价其疗效.结果：56例行PBPV患者术后即刻右心室收缩压由（103.4±27.2）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）降至（49.5±17.6）mmHg（P〈0.01）,右房压由（17.2±5.5）mmHg降至（9.2±4.4）mmHg（P〈0.01）,肺动脉压由（14.8±3.2）mmHg升至（22.1±5.3）mmHg（P〈0.05）,肺动脉与右心室跨瓣压差（△P）由（78.2±26.1）mmHg降至（22.8±12.4）mmHg（P〈0.01）.多普勒超声随访：术后3mo△P较术后即刻进一步显著下降（P〈0.05）.结论：INONUE球囊PBPV治疗成人PVS安全有效.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.