光固化复合树脂与金属基底的瓷剥脱面间的粘结强度

目的：测定光固化复合树脂与金属烤瓷修复体金属基底的瓷剥脱面间的粘结强度,评价有机硅烷偶联剂对粘结强度的影响。方法：钴铬合金的瓷剥脱面用氧化铝喷砂、氢氟酸蚀刻后分为6个组,每组一半使用偶联剂,一半不使用偶联剂,分别与6种光固化复合树脂粘结,粘结试件经过冷热水温差循环后测定剪切粘结强度。结果：有偶联剂组剪切粘结强度为10．16～15．54MPa,分别高于无偶联剂组剪切粘结强度(6．11～9．01MPa);其中两种光固化复合树脂的粘结强度高于其它四种树脂。结论：光同化复合树脂与金属基底的瓷剥脱面间可获得较高的粘结强度,金属基底的瓷剥脱面经有机硅烷偶联剂处理后有利于提高其与树脂间的粘结强度不同的树脂类型对二间的粘结强度有影响。     

The effects of primer precuring on the shear bond strength between gold alloy surfaces and metal brackets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of precuring of primer coated on bracket bases on the strength of bonds between metal brackets and gold alloy. Square type III gold alloy plates were sandblasted with 30 μm silicon dioxide. After silica coating, excessive particles were removed gently with air. Silane was then applied, and maxillary central incisor metal brackets were bonded to each conditioned alloy surface with Transbond XT. Half of the specimens were precured at the bracket base after primer coating and the other half was not precured before bonding to the alloy surface. After bracket positioning, samples were cured using a light emitting diode (LED) for 40 seconds. Shear bond strengths were tested and adhesive remnant index (ARI) was evaluated after 1 hour and 24 hours. The primer precuring and 24 hours group exhibited highest bond strength (12.53 MPa) and the no precuring and 1 hour group showed lowest bond strength (5.58 MPa). Precured groups showed lower ARI scores. Due to the shallow curing depth of LED light and inhibition of transillumination at the metal surface, primer precuring at the bracket base is required for secure bracket bonding on gold alloy surfaces using LED curing units.     

Shear bond strength of resin composite veneering material to gold alloy with varying metal surface preparations

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Although adequate surface preparation is indispensable to achieve a consistent and durable bond between resin composite materials and the metal substructures of veneered restorations, information on the bonding performance of current metal adhesive systems is limited. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface preparation effects of 4 metal conditioners and 1 adhesive system on bonding between a prosthetic resin composite veneering material and a gold casting alloy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four primers containing sulfur derivative monomer and designed for conditioning noble metal alloys (Alloy Primer, Infis Opaque Primer, Metal Primer II, and Metaltite) and a surface modification technique (Siloc) were assessed. Cast disk specimens made of gold alloy (Pontor LFC) were either primed with 1 of the 4 primers or treated with the Siloc system and bonded with a light-activated prosthetic resin composite material (New Metacolor Infis). Control specimens were also prepared without the use of a bonding agent. Shear bond strengths were determined before and after thermocycling (20,000 cycles) for evaluation of bond durability. RESULTS: All of the primed and Siloc-treated groups showed improved 24-hour shear bond strengths compared with the control group. After thermocycling, the groups either primed with the Metaltite conditioner or treated with the Siloc system exhibited the highest mean shear bond strengths. CONCLUSION: The Metaltite conditioner and Siloc system each represent a useful method for improving the bond between the gold alloy and resin composite material tested.     

An in-vitro investigation of the effect of a water additive and a new acidic primer on the tensile bond strength of composite resin to human enamel and dentine

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a water additive on the bond strength of a composite restorative material to enamel and dentine which have undergone a range of surface treatments regimes. Human enamel and dentine specimens were prepared and divided into 3 surface treatment groups. Composite resin restorative material was bonded to the surface prepared enamel and dentine specimens. The tensile bond strength of the composite resin was measured using a Lloyd's testing machine. The tensile bond strength of composite resin to etched enamel surfaces using a standard etch technique was significantly greater than that to dentine (p < 0.05). For those specimens subjected to the addition of the water additive 'Alpron' the bond strength to the enamel was still significantly greater than to the dentine (p< 0.005). The addition of 'Alpron' to the water significantly improved the bond strength of composite to enamel and dentine when etched and placed with 'Prime&BondNT' (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bond strength of enamel and dentine specimens bonded using Xeno III (p> 0.05). However, the bond strength of dentine specimens bonded with Xeno III was significantly greater than other dentine specimens bonded with Prime&BondNT (p< 0.05). For those groups of specimens which included the water additive 'Alpron' in the regime, the tensile bond strength of the composite resin restorative material to enamel and dentine was greater than for those non water additive groups. The tensile bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel surfaces prepared with 'Alpron' was significantly higher than that bonded to dentine surfaces.     

三种金属处理剂对金属与复合树脂间剪切粘接强度影响的研究

目的 研究崩瓷树脂修复中，三种不同金属处理剂对金属与复合树脂间剪切粘接强度的影响。方法 40个Ni-Cr合金试件随机分4组。模拟口内喷砂后，除对照组外，其他试件分别采用couplingsilane、alloyprimer、metalphot0primer三种不同金属处理剂对金属表面处理，然后所有试件使用VocoCLmara崩瓷修复系统粘接修复，经37℃恒温水浴24小时后，测定金属试件与复合树脂之间剪切粘接强度，进行统计分析。结果 三种金属处理剂组所获得的Ni-Cr合金与复合树脂间剪切粘接强度值显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；metalphotoprimer组与alloyprimer组所获得的Ni-Cr合金与复合树脂间剪切粘接强度值显著高于couplingsilane组（P〈0．05）；但metalphotoprimer组与alloy primer组之间无统计差异（P〉0．05）。20倍OPTON体视显饭镜下观察到金属与复合树脂的剪切断面均位于金属一复合树脂粘接界面，未发生复合树脂内聚断裂。结论 couplingsilane、alloyprimermetalphotoprimer三种金属处理剂可以显著提高金属-复合树脂间粘接强度。     

Effectiveness of different adhesive primers on the bond strength between an indirect composite resin and a base metal alloy

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: There is a need for achieving reliable chemical bond strength between veneering composites resins and casting alloys through the use of simplified procedures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the shear bond strength of an indirect composite resin to a Ni-Cr alloy, using 4 primers and 2 airborne-particle-abrasion procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six Ni-Cr (Heraenium NA) discs, 10 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in height, were fabricated. Twenty-four discs were airborne-particle abraded with 50-microm Al2O3 particles, while another 24 were airborne-particle abraded with 250-microm Al2O3 particles. The following primers were applied on 6 discs of each airborne-particle-abrasion treatment group: Solidex Metal Photo Primer (MPP50, MPP250), Metal Primer II (MPII50, MPII250), SR Link (SRL50, SRL250), and Tender Bond (TB50, TB250). The Rocatec system was used on another 6 discs, airborne-particle abraded according to the manufacturer's recommendations, which served as the control group (R). Two more discs were airborne-particle abraded with 50-microm and 250-microm Al2O3 particles, respectively, to determine the Al content on their surfaces, without any bonding procedure. The indirect composite resin used was Sinfony. Specimens were thermally cycled (5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, 30-second dwell time, 5000 cycles) and tested in shear mode in a universal testing machine. The failure mode was determined with an optical microscope, and selected specimens were subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Mean bond strength values were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests (alpha=.05) and compared to the control group using 1-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The groups abraded with 50-microm particles exhibited significantly higher bond strength compared to the groups abraded with 250-microm particles. Group MPII50 exhibited the highest mean value (17.4 +/-2 MPa). Groups MPP50, MPP250, and TB50, TB250 showed adhesive failures and significantly lower bond strength compared to group R. Groups MPII50, MPII250, and SRL50, SRL250 showed combination failures and no significant difference compared with group R. EDS revealed interfacial rather than adhesive failures. CONCLUSIONS: Airborne-particle abrasion with 50-microm Al2O3 particles may result in improved bond strength, independent of the primer used. The bond strength of Metal Primer II and SR Link specimens was comparable to that of specimens treated with Rocatec.     

Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength between composite resin and acrylic resin denture teeth

PURPOSE: This investigation studied the effects of 3 surface treatments on the shear bond strength of a light-activated composite resin bonded to acrylic resin denture teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The occlusal surfaces of 30 acrylic resin denture teeth were ground flat with up to 400-grit silicon carbide paper. Three different surface treatments were evaluated: (1) the flat ground surfaces were primed with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer for 180 seconds; (2) light-cured adhesive resin was applied and light polymerized according to the manufacturer's instructions; and (3) treatment 1 followed by treatment 2. The composite resin was packed on the prepared surfaces using a split mold. The interface between tooth and composite was loaded at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. RESULTS: Analysis of variance indicated significant differences between the surface treatments. Results of mean comparisons using Tukey's test showed that significantly higher shear bond strengths were developed by bonding composite resin to the surfaces that were previously treated with MMA and then with the bonding agent when compared to the other treatments. CONCLUSION: Combined surface treatment of MMA monomer followed by application of light-cured adhesive resin provided the highest shear bond strength between composite resin and acrylic resin denture teeth.     

An in vitro study of the tensile strength of the resin bond between chemically etched non-noble alloy and enamel

A model was made to represent the in vivo situation for resin-bonded restorations using metal bonded to enamel. The tensile bond strength of chemically etched metal bonded to enamel was compared with that obtained with electrolytically etched metal. Four resin luting agents were used with the following results: the tensile bond strength of chemically etched non-noble alloy bonded to enamel was lower than strengths obtained for electrolytically etched alloy. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. Of the four luting resins, Comspan Regular gave the highest mean bond strength.     

口内喷砂增强Ni-Cr合金与复合树脂间粘接强度的研究

目的研究崩瓷修复中,口内喷砂对Ni-Cr合金与复合树脂间粘接强度的影响。方法12个Ni-Cr合金试件随机分2组,实验组合金表面模拟口内喷砂,对照组不进行口内喷砂,采用alloyprimer金属处理剂对金属表面处理,然后使用VocoCimara瓷修补系统粘接修复,经37℃恒温水浴2 4小时后,测定金属试件与复合树脂之间剪切粘接强度,进行统计分析。结果经过模拟口内喷砂的实验组合金与复合树脂之间剪切粘接强度显著高于对照组(P <0 .0 5 )。2 0倍体视镜观察两组断裂面均位于金属-复合树脂界面。结论口内喷砂可增强Ni-Cr合金-复合树脂间剪切粘接强度。     

不同合金烤瓷基底冠与树脂修复材料粘接强度的对比实验

,模拟口内喷砂后,采用PanaviaTM F崩瓷修复系统粘接修复,测定金属试件与复合树脂之间剪切粘接强度,进行统计分析。结果　Ni-Cr合金与复合树脂间剪切粘接强度为5 .4 9±1 .2 3MPa ,金合金与复合树脂间剪切粘接强度为4 .73±0 .96MPa ,二者间无统计学差异(P >0 .0 5 )。2 0倍OPTON体视显微镜下观察到金属与复合树脂的剪切断面均位于金属-复合树脂粘接界面,未发生复合树脂内聚断裂。结论　采用PanaviaTM F进行崩瓷树脂修复,Ni-Cr合金与金合金的金属基底,对金属—复合树脂间剪切粘接强度无影响。     

The effect of three different surface treatments on the tensile strength of the resin bond to nickel-chromium-beryllium alloy

The effect of three different metal surface treatments on the tensile strength of the resin bond to non-noble nickel-chromium-beryllium alloy was studied by bonding metal to metal. Chemical etching of the metal for 1 hour obtained the highest strength, followed by air-abraded bond specimens. Lowest strength was obtained with the gel-etch method. All resulted in clinically acceptable values.     

Correlation between tensile and bond strength of composite resins

The purpose of the present work was to measure the bond strength of five composite resins (two microfilled and three conventional) to human etched enamel and to correlate the findings with previously published results on the tensile strength of the same resins. The two microfilled composites showed a significantly lower bond strength than the three conventional products. The coefficient of correlation between tensile and bond strength was 0.74.     

Effect of a new metal primer on the bond strength between a resin cement and two high-noble alloys

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: With the development of new adhesive resin cements, the question of surface treatment of noble metal castings with primers has become an important issue. PURPOSE: This study compared the tensile bond strength and its durability of a new metal primer (Alloy Primer, Kuraray) to 2 noble metal alloys (Au-Ag-Cu-Pt and Au-Pt-Pd-Ag-In). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty cast disk specimens of each alloy were polished, grit blasted with 50 microm Al(2)O(3), and ultrasonically cleaned in 96% isopropanol. Then, they were either nonprimed or primed only with the Alloy Primer or Alloy Primer combined with ED Primer (Kuraray). Plexiglas tubes filled with self-curing composite resin (Clearfil FII, Kuraray) were bonded to the metal samples with the use of an alignment apparatus and a self-curing luting cement (Panavia 21 Ex). The samples were stored in water, either for 3 days with no thermal cycling or for 150 days with 37,500 thermal cycles. After the different storage conditions, the tensile bond strengths of the specimens were determined. RESULTS: The mean bond strengths increased over storage time for all groups, except for the grit-blasted Au-Pt-Pd-Ag-In group. However, only in the grit-blasted and the primed groups for the Au-Ag-Cu-Pt alloy was this increase significantly different (P<.01). After 150 days of storage, the mean bond strength to Au-Ag-Cu-Pt alloy was 38.8 MPa without priming, whereas it was 40.6 to 40.8 MPa with the use of the primers. After the same time, the mean bond strength to the Au-Pt-Pd-Ag-In alloy was 20.6 MPa without priming, whereas it was 31. 9 to 37.8 MPa with the use of the primers. When comparing the different bonding methods and different storage times for the alloys, the superiority of the usage of both primers in combination was determined. Conclusion. The tested Alloy Primer significantly improved the bond strength of the dental adhesive resin cement (Panavia 21 Ex) to noble alloys. However, this effect depended on the alloy composition and was much greater for the Au-Pt-Pd-Ag-In alloy than for the Au-Ag-Cu-Pt alloy.     

陈旧性树脂表面形态对新旧树脂间粘结强度的影响

目的：研究陈旧性树脂表面形态学改变以及对新旧树脂间粘结强度的影响。方法：制备Z350纳米树脂样本10例,浸泡于37℃蒸馏水中1个月后,使用同种树脂完成样本制备,用体视显微镜和扫描电镜对样本的表面及切面进行形态学观察。万能材料试验机上测定材料的微拉伸强度。结果：陈旧性树脂表面纳米填料颗粒从树脂基质中消失,且新旧树脂间存在间隙,陈旧性树脂修复后微拉伸强度明显降低。结论：新旧树脂界面是导致树脂粘结强度下降的薄弱区。     

Effect of surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of repaired water-aged anterior restorative micro-fine hybrid resin composite

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in surface topography associated with different surface treatments and their effect on tensile bond strength (TBS) of repaired water-aged anterior restorative micro-fine hybrid resin composite. METHODS: The TBS of repaired resin-based composite slabs either non-treated or exposed to different mechanical and/or chemical surface treatment procedures were measured. The cohesive tensile strength of non-repaired intact slabs was used as a control group. The topographical effects of acid etching, grinding, and grinding followed by acid etching were characterized by AFM and SEM. RESULTS: All repaired groups showed significantly lower TBS than the control group. The TBS of repaired groups was ranged from 15% to 59% of the cohesive tensile strength of the control group (18.8+/-4.5MPa). The surface roughness of the non-treated aged specimens was significantly higher than other treated specimens. Specimens treated by acid etching showed significant increase in surface area compared to the non-treated and treated specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Aging process resulted in the formation of degradable surface layer which adversely affects the repair bond strength. The use of silane primer prior to the application of the adhesive after mechanical grinding, with or without the use of 37% phosphoric acid etching; improves the repair bond strength.     

The influence of ceramic surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of composite resin to all-ceramic coping materials

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: An increasing demand for esthetic restorations has resulted in the development of new ceramic systems, but the fracture of veneering ceramics still remains the primary cause of failure. Porcelain repair frequently involves replacement with composite resin, but the bond strength between composite resin and all-ceramic coping materials has not been studied extensively. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of composite resin to 3 different all-ceramic coping materials with various surface treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty specimens (10 x 10 x 2 mm) each of lithium-disilicate ceramic (IPS Empress2 [E]), alumina ceramic (In-Ceram Alumina [I]), and zirconia ceramic (Zi-Ceram [Z]) were fabricated. Feldspathic ceramic (Duceram Plus [F]) was used as the control. Each material was divided into 3 groups (n=10), and 3 different surface treatments were performed: airborne-particle abrasion with 50-microm alumina particles (Ab); airborne-particle abrasion with 50-microm alumina particles and acid etching with 4% hydrofluoric acid (Ae); or airborne-particle abrasion with 30-microm alumina particles modified with silica acid (Si). After surface treatment of ceramic specimens, composite resin cylinders (5-mm diameter x 10-mm height) were light polymerized onto the ceramic specimens. Each specimen was subjected to a tensile load at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min until fracture. The fracture sites were examined with scanning electron microscopy to determine the location of failure during debonding and to examine the surface treatment effects. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan multiple comparison test (alpha=.05) were used to analyze the bond strength values. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the bond strengths for both ceramics (P<.001) and surface treatments (P<.001) and the interaction (P<.001). The Duncan analysis yielded the following statistical subsets of the bond strength values: (FAe, ISi, EAe, ZSi) > FAb > (FSi, EAb, ESi) (IAb, IAe) > (ZAe, ZAb). The results illustrate no differences within the parentheses but statistically significant differences among the groups. CONCLUSION: Alumina and zirconia ceramic specimens treated with a silica coating technique, and lithium disilicate ceramic specimens treated with airborne-particle abrasion and acid etching yielded the highest tensile bond strength values to a composite resin for the materials tested.     

Shear bond strength of resin composite to magnetic Fe-Pt alloy

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: It is important to obtain strong adhesion between resin composite material and magnetic Fe-Pt alloy for fabrication of an indirect veneered crown. However, little is known about the bond strength between these materials. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the bond strength of resin composite to magnetic Fe-Pt alloy, using 4 adhesive metal primers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy disk-shaped patterns (7.5 mm in diameter, 2.0 mm thick) were cast from a custom-made Fe-Pt ingot using a high-frequency centrifugal casting machine. After the bonding surfaces were airborne-particle abraded with 50 microm Al2O3, specimens were divided into groups (n=7) and primed with either Metal Primer II (MP), Meta Fast Bonding Liner (BL), New Meta Color INFIS Opaque Primer (IN), or Epricord Opaque Primer (EP). Nonprimed specimens served as controls (n=7). A resin composite (New Meta Color INFIS) was then applied to all specimens and polymerized. After the specimens were immersed in 37 degrees C water for 24 hours or thermal cycled at 4 degrees C to 60 degrees C with a 1-minute dwell time of up to 10,000 cycles, the shear bond strengths (MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by a 2-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe test (alpha=.05). RESULTS: Although IN had the lowest strength, there were no significant differences in bond strengths of the other 3 primers (MP, BL, and EP) before thermal cycling. The bond strengths of MP and EP were slightly altered by thermal cycling (P >.05); however, BL and IN underwent a significant decrease (P <.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this in vitro study indicate that MP and EP provide superior long-term shear strength when bonding the resin composite evaluated to Fe-Pt alloy.     

Carbon dioxide laser application enhances the effect of silane primer on the shear bond strength between porcelain and composite resin

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbon dioxide laser irradiation on the performance of silane coupling agent as an adhesion promoter. The carbon dioxide laser used in this study was Opelaser 03S II, which irradiated the silane coupling agent applied on the adhesive surface of porcelain. Before and after thermal cycling, shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Without primer treatment, most of the specimens failed adhesively before reaching the end of the thermal cycling period. For the specimens irradiated with carbon dioxide laser after primer treatment, their shear bond strengths before and after thermal cycling were higher than those treated with primer only -with a significantly pronounced difference between these two groups especially after thermal cycling. Therefore, a combined surface treatment which involved silane application followed by laser treatment was feasible and efficacious for chairside porcelain repair.