Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with citalopram

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), such as venalafaxine and paroxetine, are used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Patients with GAD frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as depression. SSRIs are effective in the treatment of a variety of anxiety disorders and depression. Citalopram, a newer SSRI used in the treatment of depression, has not been studied for GAD. This is the first report of the use of citalopram, the most selective SSRI, for the treatment of GAD in a retrospective case observation study. Thirteen patients diagnosed with GAD were treated with citalopram at an academic outpatient clinic. The main outcome measures were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (CGI-S; at baseline) and Improvement (CGI-I). The mean age of the patients was 38 years. The mean dose of citalopram at endpoint was 33 mg/day (range 10-60 mg/day). After 12 weeks of treatment with citalopram, all 13 patients experienced full or partial improvement in GAD and depressive symptoms leading to meaningful improvement in social and occupational functioning. Mean baseline HAM-A scores (mean+/-SEM) decreased from 22.2+/-1.3 to 6.2+/-0.9 after citalopram treatment. The mean CGI-I score was 1.8+/-0.2 with 11 of the 13 patients responding (CGI-I of 1 or 2). These data suggest that citalopram may be an effective treatment for GAD. Several patients who had failed previous treatment with other SSRIs responded to citalopram, suggesting that a second SSRI, such as citalopram, may be beneficial in this population. A larger placebo-controlled study of citalopram is warranted in GAD.     

Fluoxetine treatment of depressed patients with comorbid anxiety disorders

Major depression with comorbid anxiety disorder is associated with poor antidepressant outcome compared to major depression without comorbid anxiety disorder. The purpose of our study was to assess changes in severity of both depressive and anxiety symptoms in outpatients with major depression with comorbid anxiety disorder following fluoxetine treatment. We enrolled 123 outpatients (mean age 38.9 +/- 10.8 years; 49% women) with major depressive disorder accompanied by one or more current comorbid anxiety disorders in our study. Patients were treated openly with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 8 weeks. Efficacy assessments included the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the patient-rated Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) Scales for Depression and Anxiety. The mood and anxiety disorder modules of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R were administered at screen and endpoint. We used 'intent-to-treat' analysis in examining all patients assigned to treatment and completing the baseline visit. The mean number of comorbid anxiety disorders per patient was 1.5 +/- 0.68. The mean HAM-D-17 score and mean Clinical Global Impressions-Severity scores decreased significantly from baseline to endpoint (week 8) following fluoxetine treatment (p < 0.0001). There were significant decreases in all four SQ scale scores, from baseline to endpoint: depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and anger-hostility (p < 0.0001). Fifty-three percent of patients (n = 65) were depression responders (i.e. > or = 50% decrease in HAM-D-17 score at endpoint) and 46% (n = 57) were remitters (HAM-D-17 < or = 7 at endpoint). Patients with panic disorder had significantly higher baseline HAM-D-17 scores compared to those without panic disorder (p < 0.01). Patients with comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were significantly less likely to be responders to fluoxetine at endpoint (> or = 50% decrease in HAM-D-17) and to be remitters (HAM-D-17 score of s 7 at endpoint) compared to patients without comorbid OCD (p < 0.01). Of the 41 patients on whom endpoint Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R modules for anxiety disorders were available, 49% (n = 20) no longer met criteria for one or more of their anxiety disorder diagnoses at endpoint. Our preliminary findings suggest that fluoxetine is effective in treating outpatients with major depression with comorbid anxiety disorders, with a significant effect on both depression and anxiety symptoms. Further double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are required in larger samples to confirm our findings.     

A 12-week study comparing moclobemide and sertraline in the treatment of outpatients with atypical depression

One hundred and ninety-seven outpatients with atypical depression [Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale (ADDS) score=4] were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with sertraline or moclobemide in a multicentre, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients were started on either 50 mg/day sertraline or 300 mg/day moclobemide. If the therapeutic response was not satisfactory after 4 weeks, the dose could be increased to either 100 mg/day sertraline or 450 mg/day moclobemide. Primary efficacy evaluations were the 29-item Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) response rate (much or very much improved) at study endpoint. Secondary efficacy evaluations included the ADDS, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), the Leeds Sleep Scale, and the Battelle Quality of Life Battery (BQOLB). In the analysis of the 172 patient efficacy-evaluable population, there was significant baseline to endpoint improvement in all primary and secondary efficacy assessments after treatment with either sertraline or moclobemide. At the endpoint, the proportion of responders on CGI-I, was 77.5% in the sertraline group and 67.5% in the moclobemide group (p=0.052). The baseline to endpoint mean 29-item HAM-D score decreased from 35.9 to 14.5 in the sertraline group and from 36.3 to 16.1 in the moclobemide group. Sertraline also resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) greater degree of improvement at the endpoint, compared with moclobemide, in the proportion of remitters on the HAMA (total score < or = 7), ADDS Category IID (Rejection Sensitivity), Leeds Sleep Factor 4 (Integrity of Behaviour Following Awakening), and on three dimensions of the BQOLB (Energy/Vitality, Social Interaction and Life Satisfaction). There were no other significant differences between treatment groups. Overall, both medications were well tolerated. In this study, both sertraline and moclobemide improved the symptoms of atypical depression.     

Mirtazapine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a fixed dose, open label study

We investigated the efficacy of mirtazapine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Forty-four adult outpatients with GAD were treated openly with a fixed dose of mirtazapine (30 mg) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline in total score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). The Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) was rated at the endpoint. Patients with a reduction of 50% or more on the HAM-A total score and a CGI-I score of 1 or 2 at endpoint were considered responders to treatment; remission was defined as a HAM-A score 相似文献   

血清脑源性神经营养因子对帕罗西汀治疗惊恐障碍效果的影响

目的:探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在帕罗西汀治疗惊恐障碍中的可能作用。方法:接受帕罗西汀治疗12周的惊恐障碍患者45例(治疗组),按治疗前后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)减分率分为有效组(≥50%,29例)和无效组(<50%,16例)。采用惊恐相关症状量表(PASS)、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、HAMA、临床总体印象量表(CGI)评定疾病严重程度和改善程度;采用酶联免疫吸附法测定其血清BDNF浓度,并与30名正常对照者(对照组)比较;对治疗组的血清BDNF浓度与各相关因素进行Spearman相关分析。结果:有效组BDNF水平高于无效组和正常对照组(P<0.05),无效组的BDNF水平则低于正常对照组(P<0.05);治疗组血清BDNF水平治疗后的PASS分值(r=-0.540,P=0.000)和HAMA分值(r=-0.491,P=0.001)呈负相关,与治疗前后HAMA评分差值(r=0.425,P=0.004)和PASS评分差值(r=0.522,P=0.000)呈正相关。结论:外周循环中BDNF水平减少在惊恐障碍的病理生理机制中起着重要的作用,可能是帕罗西汀疗效的预测因素。     

万拉法辛缓释剂与帕罗西汀治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的对照研究

目的研究万拉法辛缓释剂与帕罗西汀治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的疗效与安全性。方法根据DSM-IV诊断标准将广泛性焦虑障碍患者随机分成2组,万拉法辛缓释剂治疗组（25例）和帕罗西汀治疗组（23例）,均治疗8周;采用HAMA、CGI-SI评定疗效;采用TESS、实验室检查及体查评价安全性。结果HAMA、CGI-SI量表分在治疗过程中显著下降,2组疗效相当,均未有严重不良事件发生。结论万拉法辛缓释剂与帕罗西汀是安全有效的治疗广泛性焦虑障碍的药物,患者对药物的耐受性及依从性好。     

Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-alpha in cancer patients: phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions.

We have previously shown that the risk of major depression in patients with malignant melanoma undergoing interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy can be reduced by pretreatment with the antidepressant, paroxetine. Using dimensional analyses, the present study assessed the expression and treatment responsiveness of specific clusters of neuropsychiatric symptoms over the first three months of IFN-alpha therapy. Forty patients with malignant melanoma eligible for IFN-alpha treatment were randomly assigned to receive either paroxetine or placebo in a double-blind design. Neuropsychiatric assessments were conducted at regular intervals during the first twelve weeks of IFN-alpha therapy and included the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Neurotoxicity Rating Scale. Neurovegetative and somatic symptoms including anorexia, fatigue and pain appeared within two weeks of IFN-alpha therapy in a large proportion of patients. In contrast, symptoms of depressed mood, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction appeared later during IFN-alpha treatment and more specifically in patients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depression. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction and pain were more responsive, whereas symptoms of fatigue and anorexia were less responsive, to paroxetine treatment. These data demonstrate distinct phenomenology and treatment responsiveness of symptom dimensions induced by IFN-alpha, and suggest that different mechanisms mediate the various behavioral manifestations of cytokine-induced "sickness behavior."     

艾司西酞普兰治疗女性更年期首发抑郁症的研究

目的观察艾司西酞普兰对女性更年期首发抑郁症的治疗效果和药物不良反应。方法将符合入组标准的70例患者采用随机数字表分成2组各35例,艾司西酞普兰组患者每天20：00服用艾司西酞普兰10mg／d,1次／d;帕罗西汀组患者每天20：00服用帕罗西汀20mg／d,1次／d。睡眠困难者可合并服用阿普唑仑0．8mg,禁用其他抗抑郁药、抗精神病药和电休克等治疗。分别于治疗前和治疗后1、2、3、4、6、8周采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD－17）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定严重程度和疗效,采用药物不良反应量表评定药物不良反应。结果艾司西酞普兰组痊愈23例,好转7例,无效4例,因药物不良反应脱失1例,有效30例（88．23％）,帕罗西汀组痊愈18例,好转9例,无效7例,因药物不良反应脱失1例,有效27例（79．41％）。2组总疗效差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．48,P〉0．05）。于治疗第1、2周末评定艾司西酞普兰组HAMD-17总分明显低于帕罗西汀组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,从第3周末评定至第8周末评定2组显差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。HAMA总分第1周末艾司西酞普兰组明显低于帕罗西汀组（P〈0．05）,从第2周后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。艾司西酞普兰组的嗜睡、口干、震颤等药物不良反应明显低于帕罗西汀组（P〈0．05）。结论艾司西酞普兰起效快、作用强、药物不良反应少,对更年期妇女抑郁症有较好的疗效和安全性。     

Paroxetine: an update of its use in psychiatric disorders in adults

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activity. In 6- to 24-week well designed trials, oral paroxetine 10 to 50 mg/day was significantly more effective than placebo, at least as effective as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and as effective as other SSRIs and other antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Relapse or recurrence over 1 year after the initial response was significantly lower with paroxetine 10 to 50 mg/day than with placebo and similar to that with imipramine 50 to 275 mg/day. The efficacy of paroxetine 10 to 40 mg/day was similar to that of TCAs and fluoxetine 20 to 60 mg/day in 6- to 12-week trials in patients aged > or =60 years with major depression. Paroxetine 10 to 40 mg/day improved depressive symptoms to an extent similar to that of TCAs in patients with comorbid illness, and was more effective than placebo in the treatment of dysthymia and minor depression. Paroxetine 20 to 60 mg/day was more effective than placebo after 8 to 12 weeks' treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Improvement was maintained or relapse was prevented for 24 weeks to 1 year in patients with OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder or GAD. The efficacy of paroxetine was similar to that of other SSRIs in patients with OCD and panic disorder and similar to that of imipramine but greater than that of 2'chlordesmethyldiazepam in patients with GAD. Paroxetine is generally well tolerated in adults, elderly individuals and patients with comorbid illness, with a tolerability profile similar to that of other SSRIs. The most common adverse events with paroxetine were nausea, sexual dysfunction, somnolence, asthenia, headache, constipation, dizziness, sweating, tremor and decreased appetite. In conclusion, paroxetine, in common with other SSRIs, is generally better tolerated than TCAs and is a first-line treatment option for major depressive disorder, dysthymia or minor depression. Like other SSRIs, paroxetine is also an appropriate first-line therapy for OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, GAD and PTSD. Notably, paroxetine is the only SSRI currently approved for the treatment of social anxiety disorder and GAD, which makes it the only drug of its class indicated for all five anxiety disorders in addition to major depressive disorder. Thus, given the high degree of psychiatric comorbidity of depression and anxiety, paroxetine is an important first-line option for the treatment of major depressive disorder, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, GAD and PTSD.     

Combined treatment with sulpiride and paroxetine for accelerated response in patients with major depressive disorder

Although serotonin reuptake inhibitors are recommended as first-line agents for major depressive disorder, delayed onset of action is problematic, and faster effective treatment is needed. Sulpiride, a dopamine-mediated agent, has been reported to show faster antidepressant efficacy, and we examined the efficacy of adjunctive sulpiride in combination with paroxetine (PAX), compared with PAX alone, to clarify whether the combined treatment exerts faster effect. Forty-one major depressive disorder patients were enrolled in this 12-week open-label trial and were randomly assigned to a PAX (10-40 mg/d) or a PAX (10-40 mg/d) plus sulpiride (100 mg/d) group. Assessments included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale on an intent-to-treat basis, and safety was also monitored. Thirty-three patients completed the study. Both PAX + sulpiride and PAX treatments showed a mean reduction in the total Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score of 34.4 to 5.6 and 32.2 to 10.4, respectively (P < 0.001). The combined treatment group had a significantly superior outcome in terms of the change in the total Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale scores between week 1 and the study end point (P < 0.05). Median times to response among responders alone for the combined treatment and monotherapy were 2 and 6 weeks, respectively. Both treatments were well tolerated, with no clinically significant differences in safety measures except for an elevation of prolactin in the combined treatment group. The combination treatment may be a safe and effective strategy for accelerating antidepressant response.     

Spotlight on paroxetine in psychiatric disorders in adults

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with antidepressant and anxiolytic activity. In 6- to 24-week well designed trials, oral paroxetine 10 to 50 mg/day was significantly more effective than placebo, at least as effective as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and as effective as other SSRIs and other antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Relapse or recurrence over 1 year after the initial response was significantly lower with paroxetine 10 to 50 mg/day than with placebo and similar to that with imipramine 50 to 275 mg/day. The efficacy of paroxetine 10 to 40 mg/day was similar to that of TCAs and fluoxetine 20 to 60 mg/day in 6- to 12-week trials in patients aged > or = 60 years with major depression. Paroxetine 10 to 40 mg/day improved depressive symptoms to an extent similar to that of TCAs in patients with comorbid illness, and was more effective than placebo in the treatment of dysthymia and minor depression. Paroxetine 20 to 60 mg/day was more effective than placebo after 8 to 12 weeks' treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Improvement was maintained or relapse was prevented for 24 weeks to 1 year in patients with OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder or GAD. The efficacy of paroxetine was similar to that of other SSRIs in patients with OCD and panic disorder and similar to that of imipramine but greater than that of 2'chlordesmethyldiazepam in patients with GAD. Paroxetine is generally well tolerated in adults, elderly individuals and patients with comorbid illness, with a tolerability profile similar to that of other SSRIs. The most common adverse events with paroxetine were nausea, sexual dysfunction, somnolence, asthenia, headache, constipation, dizziness, sweating, tremor and decreased appetite. In conclusion, paroxetine, in common with other SSRIs, is generally better tolerated than TCAs and is a first-line treatment option for major depressive disorder, dysthymia or minor depression. Like other SSRIs, paroxetine is also an appropriate first-line therapy for OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, GAD and PTSD. Notably, paroxetine is the only SSRI currently approved for the treatment of social anxiety disorder and GAD, which makes it the only drug of its class indicated for all five anxiety disorders in addition to major depressive disorder. Thus, given the high degree of psychiatric comorbidity of depression and anxiety, paroxetine is an important first-line option for the treatment of major depressive disorder, OCD, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, GAD and PTSD.     

Paroxetine controlled release

A controlled-release (CR) formulation of the SSRI paroxetine has been developed. This CR formulation delays the release of paroxetine until the tablet has passed through the stomach; the drug is then released over 4-5 hours. In well designed placebo-controlled trials in patients with major depressive disorder (including a study in the elderly), social anxiety disorder or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), paroxetine CR was consistently superior to placebo with regards to primary endpoints (i.e. mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score [major depressive disorder], Liebowitz social anxiety scale total score and Clinical Global Impressions-Global Improvement score [social anxiety disorder] and Visual Analogue Scale-Mood score [PMDD]). The duration of treatment was 12 weeks or, in PMDD, over three menstrual cycles (intermittent or continuous administration). Paroxetine CR also demonstrated efficacy in three well designed studies in patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Paroxetine CR was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with an adverse-event profile typical of SSRIs, although recipients of paroxetine CR experienced significantly less nausea than recipients of immediate-release paroxetine in the first week of treatment.     

Imipramine and buspirone in patients with panic disorder who are discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy

Pretreatment with imipramine, buspirone, or placebo was compared in 40 patients meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition criteria for panic disorder and in patients who were discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine use. The average duration of benzodiazepine use was 75 +/- 64 months, and the average benzodiazepine intake expressed as diazepam equivalents was 25.7 +/- 19 mg/d. We hypothesized that pretreatment with either imipramine or buspirone, in contrast to pretreatment with placebo, would lead to a significant decrease of symptoms of anxiety and depression before tapering benzodiazepines, thus making the taper process easier to complete. All 3 treatments (imipramine, buspirone, and placebo) caused a reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms as measured by changes in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Neither discontinuation severity nor taper-free status 12 weeks posttaper differed between the 3 treatment groups.     

Olanzapine augmentation in treatment-resistant panic disorder: a 12-week, fixed-dose, open-label trial

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose olanzapine augmentation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-resistant panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia. In this 12-week, open-label study, 31 adult outpatients with treatment-resistant PD who had previously failed to respond to SSRI treatment were treated with fixed dose of olanzapine (5 mg/d) in addition to SSRI. Efficacy was assessed using the Panic Attack and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale (PAAAS), the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I). Twenty-six patients completed the trial period with a dropout rate of 16.1%. At week 12, 21 patients were responders (81.8%), and an overall improvement on all rating scales was observed in all patients both with or without agoraphobia. Fifteen patients (57.7%) achieved remission. Olanzapine was well tolerated and the most frequent adverse effects were mild-to-moderate weight gain and drowsiness. No extrapyramidal symptoms were reported. Olanzapine appears to be effective as augmentation strategy in the treatment of SSRI-resistant PD, but study limitations must be considered and placebo-controlled studies are needed.     

Efficacy of citalopram and moclobemide in patients with social phobia: some preliminary findings

The efficacy of irreversible and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in the treatment of social phobia (SP) is well established. Recently, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used more frequently. In the present study, the efficacy and side-effect profile of citalopram, an SSRI, and moclobemide, the only MAOI used in Turkey, were compared. The 71 patients diagnosed with SP according to DSM-III-R were randomly assigned to two subgroups; citalopram (n = 36) or moclobemide (n = 35). The study was an 8-week, randomized, open-label, rater-blinded, parallel-group trial. All patients were assessed by Hamilton anxiety rating (HAM-A), Liebowitz social anxiety (LSAS), clinical global impression-severity of illness (CGI-SI) and clinical global impression-improvement (CGI-I) scales. There was a similar percentage of responders (citalopram 75%, n = 27 and moclobemide 74.3%, n = 26), with a >50% or greater reduction in LSAS total score and ratings of "very much" or "much improved" on the CGI-I. None of the patients withdrew from the study. The results of the present study suggest that citalopram has shown promising results in patients with SP.     

Alprazolam in the treatment of panic disorders

An open clinical trial of alprazolam therapy of patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks was undertaken to clarify certain issues not resolved by previous studies. These included the proportion of patients who significantly improve with alprazolam; the relative time courses for improvement in panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, and phobic avoidance; whether successful alprazolam treatment alters vulnerability to panic with sodium lactate infusion; and what factors predict response to alprazolam in panic patients. Thirty patients meeting DSM-III criteria for panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks completed a 12-week open clinical trial, and 22 were considered responders. In responders, panic attacks showed rapid improvement, whereas improvement of anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance was more variable. Successful alprazolam therapy appeared to block lactate vulnerability. High pretreatment Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores were associated with poor treatment response. The data suggest that alprazolam is an effective treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks, and acts by directly blocking panic attacks.     

帕罗西汀联合阿普唑仑治疗广泛性焦虑症的疗效观察

目的探讨帕罗西汀联合阿普唑仑治疗广泛性焦虑症患者的疗效,关注其对焦虑和抑郁评分的影响,以期为临床工作提供帮助。方法收集本院诊治的广泛性焦虑症的患者80例,随机分为观察组（40例）与对照组（40例）,对照组单纯应用帕罗西汀治疗,观察组应用帕罗西汀联合阿普唑仑治疗,观察治疗对患者焦虑和抑郁评分的影响。结果观察组在治疗2、4、8周后对焦虑和抑郁的改善情况明显优于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论帕罗西汀联合阿普唑仑治疗广泛性焦虑症患者的疗效明显,对焦虑和抑郁改善的效果理想,临床中可以积极应用。     

The efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine and paroxetine in outpatients with depressive disorder or dysthymia

A 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial was performed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine and paroxetine in patients with major depression or dysthymia. Outpatients aged 18-70 years with a baseline score of 17 on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned to venlafaxine, 37.5 mg, in the morning and evening or paroxetine, 20 mg, in the morning and placebo in the evening, which could be increased to venlafaxine, 75 mg twice daily, or paroxetine, 20 mg twice daily, after 4 weeks. Efficacy was assessed with the 21-item HAM-D, the Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale. Forty-one patients were randomized to venlafaxine and 43 to paroxetine. At week 6, a response was observed in 55% of patients on venlafaxine and 29% on paroxetine (P = 0.03). At week 12, significantly (P = 0.011) more patients in the venlafaxine group had a HAM-D remission score of 8 or less (59% versus 31%). Discontinuation for any reason occurred in 16 (39%) patients on venlafaxine and 11 (26%) on paroxetine. The most common adverse events were nausea (28%), headache (18%) and dry mouth (15%) with venlafaxine and headache (40%) and constipation (16%) with paroxetine. Venlafaxine was effective and well tolerated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate depression or dysthymia. A consistently higher proportion of patients had a response or remission on venlafaxine than on paroxetine.     

坦度螺酮联合西酞普兰治疗伴焦虑症状的抑郁症对照研究

目的探讨坦度螺酮联合西酞普兰治疗伴有焦虑症状的抑郁症疗效。方法将56例伴有焦虑症状的抑郁症患者随机分成两组,各28例。治疗组在用西酞普兰基础上联合使用坦度螺酮治疗,对照组仅用西酞普兰治疗,疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,采用药物不良反应量表(TESS)于治疗6周末评定不良反应。结果 6周末治疗组HAMD和HAMA评分低于对照组。两组不良反应无显著差异。结论坦度螺酮联合西酞普兰治疗伴有焦虑症状的抑郁症的疗效优于单用西酞普兰。     

帕罗西汀治疗急性脑卒中后抑郁焦虑临床观察

目的观察帕罗西汀治疗卒中后抑郁焦虑症状的疗效、安全性,及其对肢体功能康复的影响。方法88例急性脑卒中后抑郁焦虑患者按数字表法随机分为帕罗西汀组42例和对照组46例,对照组给予脑血管病常规治疗,帕罗西汀组在对照组治疗的基础上给予帕罗西汀20mg,1次／d,分别于治疗后4、6周末进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）和神经功能缺损、生活能力状态等评定。结果治疗后4、6周,两组治疗后HAMD、HAMA量表评分、神经功能缺损评分及B1指数均较治疗前明显改善（均P〈0．05）,帕罗西汀组较对照组改善更为明显（t=3．521、2．604、2．773、2．683、3．637、3．781、3．042、2．913,均P〈0．05）。未发生严重不良反应。结论帕罗西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁焦虑疗效可靠,无明显不良反应,且能加速肢体功能康复。