S100 A4与MMP－2在胃癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨S100 A4与MMP－2在胃癌组织中的表达及与胃癌侵袭转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测84例胃癌组织以及癌旁正常胃组织中S100 A4与MMP－2的表达;比较两种物质在胃癌组织和正常组织的表达差异及其与临床病理特征的关系。结果在癌旁正常组织,S100A4和MMP－2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为4.8％,3.6％,而在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为63.1％,59.5％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。 S100 A4的表达与患者的性别、年龄及分化程度无关（ P＞0.05）,而与TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关（ P＜0.05）;MMP－2的表达与患者的性别和年龄无关（ P＞0.05）,而与分化程度、TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关（ P＜0.05）。经Spearman等级相关检验法分析S100 A4与MMP－2表达呈正相关（ r＝0.46, P＜0.05）。结论 S100 A4与MMP－2与胃癌的侵袭和转移密切相关,两者具有协同促进作用,检测S100 A4与MMP－2可作为判断预后的指标和化学治疗的靶点。     

HIF-1α与E-cadherin在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）及上皮钙依赖黏附蛋白（E-cadherin,E-cad）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测42例肺癌,23例癌旁组织中HIF-1α与E-cad的表达,并分析与NSCLC的预后关系。结果NSCLC中HIF-1α在肺癌组织内的表达显著高于癌旁组织（P〈0.01）,有淋巴结转移组的表达高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0.05）,并且在T3、T4期组中的表达高于T1、T2期组中的表达（P〈0.05）;E-cad在癌旁组织内表达显著高于癌组织（P〈0.01）,且与NSCLC淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关（P〈0.05）。结论HIF-1α与E-cad的表达与NSCLC的侵袭和转移相关。     

远端上游元件结合蛋白1在食管癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨远端上游元件结合蛋白1 (FUBP1)在食管癌组织中的表达及其与食管癌临床特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学技术检测37例食管癌组织、35例食管癌癌旁组织、12例食管炎组织中FUBP1的表达水平;采用荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(FQ:PCR)检测32例食管癌、32例食管癌癌旁组织中FUBP1 mRNA的表达水平.结果 免疫组化结果显示,FUBP1在食管癌的阳性表达率为81.1％,明显高于癌旁组织(31.4％)和食管炎(33.3％,P＜0.05),而癌旁组织与食管炎组织之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).FQ-PCR结果显示,FUBP1 mRNA在食管癌组织中的相对表达量(0.2650±0.1356)明显高于在癌旁组织中的相对表达量(0.1982±0.0263,t=2.638,P=0.013).FUBP1 mRNA 含量在食管癌及癌旁组织中的表达与性别、年龄无关(P＞0.05),与分化程度、淋巴结转移、远处转移有关(P＜0.05).结论 FUBP1在食管癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,其表达升高增强了食管组织癌变的易感性,可能在食管癌的发生、发展、浸润、转移中发挥重要作用.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌胶质细胞瘤转录因子1表达及其临床意义

 目的 研究胶质细胞瘤转录因子1（glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, Gli1）在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达情况和临床意义。方法 通过免疫组化Envision法检测Gli1在乳腺浸润性导管癌及癌旁组织的表达情况,分析乳腺浸润性导管癌中Gli1表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、临床TNM分期、淋巴转移、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、P53、人类表皮生长因子受体-2（HER-2）表达的关系。 结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌中Gli1的表达明显高于癌旁组织（χ²=10.996,P <0.01)。Gli1的表达与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、P53表达正相关,差异有统计学意义（分别χ²=4.621, χ²=4.332, χ²=4.601,P<0.05）;与年龄、淋巴结转移、ER、PR、HER-2表达无明显相关,差异无统计学意义。 结论 Gli1的表达是辅助诊断乳腺癌的新指标,Gli1表达促进乳腺浸润性导管癌肿瘤生长、分期进展,Gli1表达可能与P53的调控有关。     

结肠癌组织Med-19的表达及临床意义

 目的 检测Med-19在结肠癌组织中的表达水平及与病理学特征的相关性。 方法 利用免疫组织化学法检测Med-19在115例结肠癌及癌旁组织中的表达情况。 结果 结肠癌组织Med-19的阳性表达率明显高于相应的癌旁组织（ P <0.01）;在Dukes C+D期及淋巴结转移情况下,Med-19基因表达水平均明显高于相对应组别( P <0.05或 P <0.01);Med-19表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、分化程度均无明显相关性（ P ＞0.05）。 结论 Med-19在结肠癌组织中高表达,其表达水平与结肠癌生物学行为密切相关。     

β-微管蛋白在不同部位结肠癌组织中表达差异及与患者预后相关性

目的 探讨β-微管蛋白(β-Tubulin)在不同部位结肠癌组织中的表达差异及与患者预后的相关性。方法 选取镇江市第一人民医院自2018年1月至2020年1月收治的104例结肠癌患者为研究对象。收集所有患者的癌组织标本(设为结肠癌组)及对应的癌旁组织标本(设为癌旁组)。比较两组不同部位结肠癌组织中β-Tubulin蛋白阳性表达率。采用多因素Cox回归分析检验影响结肠癌患者预后的危险因素。结果 结肠癌组在左、右半结肠癌组织β-Tubulin蛋白阳性率均高于癌旁组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结肠癌患者预后与性别、年龄、病理类型、肿瘤直径无关(P>0.05),与不同部位、分化程度、临床病理(TNM)分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况、β-Tubulin蛋白表达水平相关(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,右半结肠癌、低分化、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、β-Tubulin蛋白阳性表达均为结肠癌患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 结肠癌患者中β-Tubulin蛋白均可作为结肠癌化疗药物选择及预后评估的重要生物学指标。     

血管内皮生长因子C和D在非小细胞肺癌细胞和转移淋巴结中的表达

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子C、D（VEGF-C、D）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化方法检测40例NSCLC患者的癌组织、癌旁组织、146枚淋巴结及11例肺良性病变组织中VEGF-C、D的表达。结果 VEGF-C和VEGF-D蛋白阳性表达率在NSCLC癌组织中均高于肺良性病变组织及癌旁组织（P〈0.01）;在有淋巴结转移组,VEGF-C和VEGF-D蛋白表达率高于无淋巴结转移组（P〈0.05）;在TNM分期中,VEGF-C和VEGF-D在Ⅲ期＋Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ期＋Ⅱ期的表达（P〈0.05）;但VEGF-C和VEGF-D的表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、组织类型、分化程度无显著相关（P〉0.05）。结论 VEGF-C、D的表达增高与NSCLC的TNM分期及其淋巴结转移的形成密切相关,提示其在NSCLC的生长、侵袭和淋巴结转移中起重要作用。     

Cripto-1在食管癌组织中的表达及其与上皮间质转化的关系

目的 探讨Cripto-1在食管癌组织中的表达及其与上皮-间质转化(EMT)的关系.方法 采用RT-PCR、Western blotting检测41例食管癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织及正常食管黏膜组织中Cripto-1的表达;采用免疫组织化学法检测食管癌组织中Cripto-1及EMT标记物(N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白、E-钙黏蛋白)的表达,并结合临床病理资料分析Cripto-1蛋白与N-钙黏蛋白、E-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白表达的相关性.结果 食管癌组织、癌旁组织及正常食管黏膜组织中Cripto-1 mRNA表达水平分别为0.35±0.08、0.22±0.04、0.13±0.03,Cripto-1蛋白表达水平分别为0.62±0.06、0.45±0.07、0.33±0.05,均明显高于癌旁组织及正常食管黏膜组织(P＜0.05).免疫组化染色显示,食管癌组织中Cripto-1、N-钙黏蛋白、波形蛋白、E-钙黏蛋白的阳性表达率分别为53.7％、51.2％、61.0％、36.6％.Cripto-1蛋白表达与N-钙黏蛋白及波形蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.463,r=0.460,P＜0.05),与E-钙黏蛋白表达呈负相关(r=-0.310,P＜0.05),与淋巴结转移、远处转移及临床分期显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 Cripto-1在食管癌组织中表达增高,可能与食管癌的发生、发展相关,并可能通过调控EMT促进食管癌的转移.     

人肝细胞癌中整合素α5、β1亚基和纤维连接蛋白mRNA表达的生物学意义

用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交对１５份人肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）、５例癌旁肝硬变和３例正常肝组织标本中整合素α５、β１亚基和纤维连接蛋白（ＦＮ）ｍＲＮＡ表达作杂交分析。结果：低分化ＨＣＣ癌组织中整合素α５、β１亚基和ＦＮｍＲＮＡ表达水平明显低于高分化ＨＣＣ及癌旁和正常肝组织（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＨＣＣ伴肝内浸润和（或）转移组癌组织内３种ｍＲＮＡ水平较无浸润转移组低，差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）；５例伴肝内转移的ＨＣＣ癌组织ＦＮｍＲＮＡ呈异质性表达（５．０ｋｂ位置）。提示：ＦＮ及其受体整合素α５、β１基因转录水平的改变与ＨＣＣ细胞分化、浸润和转移密切相关；异质性ＦＮｍＲＮＡ及其编码的ＦＮ蛋白可能在ＨＣＣ转移中有意义。     

DMBT1基因在结肠癌组织内的表达及其临床意义

为探讨DMBT1基因表达与结肠癌转移的关系 ,应用RT PCR的方法检测结肠癌组织及其相应癌旁正常组织内DMBT1基因的表达。结果显示 ,结肠癌组织内及其相应癌旁正常组织内DMBT1基因的表达率分别为 36 1% (13/ 36 ) ,91 7% (33/ 36 ) ;伴有淋巴结转移的癌组织DMBT1表达率 (13 0 % )均低于不伴淋巴结转移的组织 (76 9% ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;肿瘤浸润至深肌层以下DMBT1表达率降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Dukes分期A +B期表达率为 73 3% (11/ 15 ) ,C +D为 9 5 % (2 / 2 1) ,两者有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。实验表明 ,DMBT1基因表达率降低与结肠癌转移存在相关性 ,提示该基因在抑制肿瘤转移中发挥重要作用     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.