The family theory–practice gap: a matter of clarity?

Despite recognition of the importance of family in health-care and progress in family theory development, there has been limited transfer of family theory to acute care nursing practice. We argue that this family theory-practice gap results from a persistent lack of conceptual clarity in family nursing and other barriers. Lack of conceptual clarity takes the form of conceptual overlap and semantic inconsistency, as well as the complexity of language found in the family nursing literature. Barriers include practice contexts, relational problems, and knowledge types. Our exploration begins with a brief discussion of the intimate link between nursing theory and practice followed by an overview of some issues associated with the family nursing theory-practice gap. Based on a synthesis of family nursing literature, problems associated with conceptual clarity in family nursing theory are explored. We conclude with recommendations for family nursing research to develop concepts grounded in nursing practice.     

Family nursing practice paradigm perspectives and diagnostic approaches.

Family nursing practice reflects different belief systems about the nature of the family and family health. Competing belief systems (paradigms) are examined as they relate to the concepts of concern to family nursing. Using a family case study, divergent diagnostic approaches emerging from the paradigms are described and demonstrated. Implications are delineated for the further development of family nursing practice.     

Listening to the family's voice: Nordic nurses' movement toward family centered care

Clinical nurses, teachers, and researchers in the Nordic countries are faced with increasing expectations in identifying their contribution to knowledge development in family nursing at national and international levels. In this paper, I provide an insight into the contribution of Nordic nurses to family centred care (family system nursing), present findings from an integrative review on family nursing in the Nordic countries, share with you examples of family level interventions, and offer some ideas regarding where we might want to direct our focus in family system nursing in the future.     

Family health assessment — an integrated approach

The author discusses the development of a family assessment guide which combines family systems theory and Orem's self-care nursing framework. The rationale for integrating these two approaches is presented, based on the argument that a family conceptual framework or nursing framework alone cannot provide adequate guidelines for family nursing in the community. The family is viewed as a system with structure and function. Orem's self-care requirements are incorporated into the functions of the family. Five major assessment categories are discussed: environmental data; family structure; family function – meeting self-care requisites of family members; family function – adapting to change; and family perception of health situation. Data to be collected within each category is outlined, as well as the rationale for its inclusion in terms of its relevance for nursing of families in community health nursing.     

Return of the "intimate outsider": current trends and issues in family nursing research revisited

This article reviews family nursing research published from 1996 to 2011. This is a follow-up to a review published in the Journal of Family Nursing in 1995. Findings from the first review are compared with this one, trends in family nursing scholarship are identified, and predictions and suggestions for future directions are offered. The latest generation of family nursing scholarship is conceptually and methodologically sound, and there is evidence of more multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research conducted by family nursing researchers. Scholars are paying more attention to issues of diversity and family context at present than in the past, although there are still aspects of diversity that need more attention. Strong research programs in family nursing exist worldwide; an international synergism has helped promote rapid expansion of family nursing research and theory development. A vigorous movement to promote research to practice initiatives and greater attention to family interventions are exciting developments.     

A staff development programme to support the incorporation of the McGill model of nursing into an out-patient clinic department

In order to adopt a nursing model as a framework for professional practice in an out-patient department of a paediatric tertiary care hospital, a staff development programme was instituted The nursing model chosen was the McGill model of nursing, which emphasizes the complementary role of nursing and focuses on people's health, strengths and potentials Staff development initially consisted of a journal club and clinic nurses were exposed to such concepts as family, coping, and health As the nurses acquired theoretical knowledge, the staff development programme was concerned with applying this knowledge to clinical situations As well as the nursing in-service training, clinical supervision with small groups of nurses was instituted A study showed that staff development helped nurses to build a larger repetoire of family nursing skills The nursing role in the department evolved Nurses developed a more professional practice and provided health services which were complementary to those offered by other health professionals     

External Family Structure and Cohesion: Nursing Perspectives

The family is recognized as a basic unit in the delivery of many nursing services. The dimensions of its structure and cohesion may be important in the development of many family problems and should be assessed in planning nursing interventions in family-based care. This paper examines the impact of external family structure on the cohesion of a family encountered during a community-based student clinical experience in communications. External structural factors were considered in planning nursing interventions to alleviate stress-related symptoms and conflicts, and to enhance cohesion in clinical work with this family.     

肠造口护理进展

从心理护理、造口护理、康复期护理方面综述了近年来我国肠造口病人护理的发展，并提出今后要重视造口治疗师的培养、社区护理及家庭护理干预。     

出院准备服务对早产儿家庭出院准备度及其生长发育的影响

目的 探讨出院准备服务对早产儿家庭出院准备度的影响,以促进早产儿生长发育、减少再入院率。方法 以2021年1-6月收治于复旦大学附属中山医院青浦分院新生儿重症监护室的40例早产儿及其主要照护者作为对照组,给予常规护理干预;以2021年7-12月收治的40例早产儿及其主要照护者作为观察组,采用“评估-指导-再评估-再指导”的院内外护理。比较出院时两组早产儿家庭的出院准备度评分,出院3个月后主要照顾者对延续护理的满意度,以及两组早产儿的再入院情况及身高、体质量的达标率。结果 出院时,观察组早产儿出院家庭准备度评分为（23.28±7.23）分,高于对照组（19.28±5.95）分（P<0.05）。出院3个月后,观察组照顾者对延续护理服务的满意度得分高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组早产儿再入院率为0,低于对照组的7.5%(P<0.05),且观察组早产儿身高及体质量达标率均高于对照组（均P<0.05）。结论 出院准备服务可提高早产儿家庭出院准备度及照顾者对延续护理的满意度,有利于促进早产儿生长发育、降低其再入院率,有助于促进患儿健康及护理质量提升。     

Linking Family Theory and Practice: A Family Nursing Program

Family nursing, always a component of nursing, has been recently receiving increased attention through publications, educational programs, clinical practice settings and family nursing research. Nurses are in the best position to assist families experiencing the illness of a loved one, but often lack the skills and confidence necessary to assist with the psychosocial needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a family nursing program within a large, tertiary care facility. The program's evaluation is ongoing but early outcomes indicate that day-to-day nursing practice has been positively influenced and improved job satisfaction may result.     

21世纪护理健康教育发展趋势

从健康教育的起源 ,自我保健、行为干预、新型护患关系、社区健康教育中心工作、老年护理、家庭护理教育研究的方向及健康教育学科发展等方面阐述了 2 1世纪护理健康教育发展趋势。     

医院-社区-家庭一体化合作管理模式在造口护理中的发展与应用

通过文献回顾和政策分析,探讨医院-社区-家庭一体化合作管理模式在造口护理中的发展及应用,并从医院-社区-家庭一体化合作管理的角度,总结造口护理实践研究成果,以期为我国造口护理的专业发展提供参考,进一步促进我国造口护理的发展。     

Family intervention according to Roy. Planning, execution and evaluation]

Last month, the author presented the first two steps necessary in the development of a nursing care plan. This care plan utilized Sister Callista Roy's conceptual model and was designed to evaluate the family system. The readers became familiar with the Joly family, whose family system was evaluated (this included Diane and Jessie). Analysis of the collected data identified two nursing diagnoses and the author explained the way that nursing diagnosis is derived. The first identified nursing diagnosis revealed a threat to the beneficiary, the second diagnosis revealed a threat to the family system. This second article is devoted to the three other steps involved in the development of a nursing care plan that will assist the nurse in developing a systematic strategy in caring for this type of family. The planning step consists of the identification of objectives for care. These objectives must be specific, measurable and realistic as well as able to answer the question: "What changes are intended for this family?" Suggestions are offered for objective development. Once the objectives are finalized, the nurse chooses pertinent and realistic interventions that permit her/him, as well as Diane, to attain the identified objectives. The nurse's interventions are centred around stimuli that are increased, decreased or maintained by the goal of modifying or reinforcing observed behaviors. In the care plan example developed for the Joly family, the identified interventions are not all inclusive and serve as suggestions. During the course of the interventions the nurse must constantly readjust and adapt the interventions to fit with changing needs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

家庭参与式护理在新生儿护理管理中的应用效果及对新生儿生长发育的影响

目的分析家庭参与式护理在新生儿护理管理中的应用效果及对新生儿生长发育的影响。方法以本院2017年7月至2019年5月收治的86例新生儿及家长作为研究对象,新生儿均为早产儿,按电脑随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,各43例。对照组给予常规护理模式,试验组在对照组基础上予以家庭参与式护理。比较两组护理效果。结果护理后,两组新生儿家长PSS:NICU评分均降低,C-PSOC评分升高,且试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。出院后3、6个月时,两组新生儿身长、体重、头围、运动量表评分及智能量表评分升高,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将家庭参与式护理应用于新生儿护理管理中,有助于缓解家长的紧张程度,提升其育儿胜任感,促进新生儿的生长发育。     

整体护理在肝移植患者家属同步健康教育中的临床应用

目的通过运用系统化整体护理的方法对肝移植患者家属进行同步健康教育。方法通过全面认真评估,明确护理诊断,制定个体化健康教育计划,采取恰当的教育和指导方式,对患者家属实施同步健康教育。结果患者家属能够积极、乐观、正确面对患者病情,并能运用相关知识和技能帮助患者生活,提高了患者乃至整个家庭的生活质量和对护理人员的满意度。结论随着现代医学模式的改变和现代护理学的发展,患者家属的同步健康教育非常重要。     

An exemplar of the use of NNN language in developing evidence-based practice guidelines.

PURPOSE. To explore the use of standardized language, NNN, in the development of evidence-based practice (EBP). DATA SOURCES. Published research and texts on family interventions, nursing diagnoses (NANDA-I), nursing interventions (NIC), and nursing outcomes (NOC). DATA ANALYSIS. Research literature was summarized and synthesized to determine levels of evidence for the NIC intervention Family Integrity Promotion. CONCLUSIONS. The authors advocate that a "standards of practice" category of levels of evidence be adopted for interventions not amenable to randomized controlled trials or for which a body of research has not been developed. Priorities for nursing family intervention research are identified. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE. The use of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses, NIC interventions, and NOC outcomes (NNN language) as research frameworks will facilitate the development of EBP guidelines and the use of appropriate outcome measures.     

癌症晚期病人家属心理反应调查及干预

目的了解癌症晚期病人家属心理反应,并采取有效的护理干预,减轻病人家属的不良心理反应.方法采用问卷调查及面对面访谈形式,对100例癌症晚期病人家属进行心理反应调查.结果 37%的病人家属出现孤独,75%的病人家属出现抑郁,72%的病人家属出现焦虑.结论针对家属的不同心理反应,采用相应的护理干预,使病人家属保持良好的心态,利于临终关怀事业的发展.     

A family nursing approach to the care of a child with a chronic illness

Chronic illness in childhood affects family functioning, and professional support is required when the child is being cared for at home. The focus of concern for this study is the nursing contribution to the support of the family. A longitudinal ethnographic study of the experience of four families caring for a child with cystic fibrosis provided data. Analysis of the four case studies provides insight to the effect of cystic fibrosis on family interaction. The genetic aspects and the life-threatening nature of the illness are seen to have a profound effect on the parents' lives. The experience of crisis and the chronic burden of care are described. The context of long-term care requires the nurse to share the illness trajectory with the families and to help family members to travel it together. This is seen to require a high level of interpersonal skill and considerable emotional investment. The issues for nursing are examined. The research arose from practice, and it contributes to theoretical explanation of nursing interaction, and the relationship of systems thinking to understanding of the nursing situation. The case for the development of family nursing practice to meet contemporary health care needs is argued.     

袋鼠式护理对早产新生儿神经行为发育及体格发育情况影响分析

目的 探讨袋鼠式护理对早产儿神经行为与体格发育情况的影响。方法 选取2017年8月至2019年12月于南京医科大学附属无锡妇幼保健院出生并入住新生儿科的早产儿100例作为研究对象，按照双色球法将其随机分为对照组（50例）和研究组（50例）。对照组采用常规护理措施，研究组予以袋鼠式护理。两组早产儿均从出生开始进行护理干预直至纠正孕周至40周，比较两组早产儿神经行为发育指标、体格发育指标、喂养指标及家属满意度。结果 护理干预前两组早产儿神经行为各项评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；纠正孕周至40周，研究组早产儿神经行为各项评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组早产儿头围、身长及体质量增长均优于对照组，达全肠内营养日龄短于对照组，平均加奶速度小于对照组，家属满意度高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论 给予早产儿袋鼠式护理干预能够有效促进其神经行为发育与体格发育，提高家属满意度。