毛木耳多糖的抗凝血和降血脂作用

从毛木耳Auricularia polytricha中提取得毛木耳多糖(APP)。APP po 150和37 mg/kg能分别延长小鼠凝血时间和家兔白陶土部分凝血活酶时间;APP能延长体外凝血时间,但对凝血酶元时间无明显影响;APP po 150,300 mg/kg对正常小鼠血清胆固醇水平无影响;APP po 100,150 mg/kg可预防实验性高胆固醇血症的形成;APP po 50 mg/kg×10 d,可降低高脂血症大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯,升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)/TC;APP的LD_(50)为1165±275 mg/kg。     

毛平车前活性部位调节血脂作用的研究

目的:研究毛平车前活性部位(PDMAF)调节血脂的作用.方法:小鼠腹腔注射蛋黄乳剂造成急性高脂血症模型,观察PDMAF对小鼠高脂血症的预防作用.以大鼠食饵性高脂血症为模型,给予高脂饲料的同时给予PDMAF,连续28 d.测定血清中胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,肝组织中TC与TG含量以及肝指数.观察PDMAF对高脂血清损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞株(ECV304)细胞释放NO的影响.结果:PDMAF 30,60 mg/kg 明显降低蛋黄乳高脂血症小鼠的血清TC和TG.PDMAF 60 mg/kg 明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的肝指数;PDMAF 30,60 mg/kg 明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的血清TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA含量、TC/HDL-C比值,肝组织的TC与TG,并明显升高血清HDL-C和NO含量以及SOD活性.PDMAF 10,30,100 mg/L 明显逆转高脂血清损伤的ECV304细胞释放NO.结论:毛平车前具有显著的调血脂和抗氧化作用,改善高脂血症大鼠血管内皮的功能,提示其可用于防治高脂血症.     

六味地黄煎剂对心,肾,脑缺血的实验治疗

六味地黄煎剂(LD)po 5g/kg,qd×3d,能明显对抗大鼠由于左冠脉结扎而引起的心肌中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的降低及丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加。提示它能明显抑制梗塞心脏中氧自由基的大量生成。形态学指标亦证实,LD po 5g/kg,qd×5d,能明显缩小心肌缺血再灌大鼠的梗塞区面积,同时增加灌流区面积。LD对大鼠肾缺血有一定的保护作用,而对大鼠脑缺血及小鼠肾、脑缺血均无明显作用。     

山楂不同极性提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂及血液流变性的影响

目的:观察山楂不同极性提取物对高脂血症大鼠血脂及血液流变学指标的影响.方法:采用大鼠高脂乳剂灌胃复制高脂血症大鼠模型,山楂分别用水、500 ml/L乙醇和950 ml/L乙醇提取浓缩制成提取物,在模型复制同时给予,给药5周后测定血清中三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量和血流变学指标.结果:模型组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C明显高于正常对照组;山楂950 ml/L乙醇提取物组能明显降低TC、LDL-C水平,升高HDL-C水平;山楂500 ml/L乙醇提取物组能明显降低TG水平和升高HDL-C水平;山楂水提物组仅明显升高HDL-C水平.山楂醇提取物对中、低切全血比黏度有显著降低作用.结论:山楂不同极性提取物具有不同的降脂效果,其中以醇溶性成分的降脂效果较为明显.     

磨芋对实验性高血脂大鼠脂质水平的影响

本文对磨芋影响高血脂大鼠脂质水平的作用进行了观察。结果表明,饲料含5％、10％磨芋有明显降低血清胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)的作用,同时LDL-C与总胆固醇(TC)比值,LDL-C与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值明显下降,与高血脂大鼠比较,其差异有极显著性意义(P<0.01和P<0.001);而HDL-C/TC比值则明显上升(P<0.001)。HDL-C各组间差异无显著意义。5％、10％磨芋组大鼠肝胆固醇含量(分别为24.86±13.60和27.24±11.84mg/g鲜肝)明显低于高脂组大鼠(39.26±13.71mg/g鲜肝),P均<0.01,且具有使脂肪肝逆转的作用。以上各参数5％和10％磨芋组之间差异无显著意义。     

谷维素对实验性高血脂症的影响

目的 观察谷维素对实验性高脂大鼠和高脂家兔的降脂作用。方法 大鼠以高脂饲料造模，给药组分别给予400mg／kg、200mg／kg、100mg／kg谷维素，连续给药4周后，取血清测定甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL--C）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）。处死后取肝脏，测定肝中TG、TC；家兔以胆固醇猪油混合物造模，给药组分别给予谷维素320mg／kg、160mg／kg、80mg／kg，测定第3、6周的血清TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C及6周的肝脏TG、TC。结果 大鼠连续给予谷维素4周后，大鼠血清TG、TC和LDL-C明显降低，而HDL-C明显上升；家兔连续给予谷维素6周，能使血清TG、TC和LDL-C明显降低，使HDL-C明显上升。结论 谷维素有明显降脂作用。     

降血脂软胶囊对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响

目的:研究降血脂软胶囊对高脂血症大鼠血清学指标、肝指数、血清载脂蛋白的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠55只随机分为正常组、模型组、软胶囊低剂量组(40 g/kg)、软胶囊高剂量组(80 g/kg)、辛伐他汀组(15 mg/kg),高脂饲料喂饲42 d形成大鼠高脂血症模型,造模的同时开始给药。6 w后测定血中血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)的含量,计算肝指数。结果:降血脂软胶囊对高脂血症大鼠血清中血脂的含量有显著的降低作用,并能明显降低载脂蛋白含量,大剂量能显著降低肝指数,有利于缓解大鼠高脂血症。结论:降血脂软胶囊可能通过抗氧化作用发挥降血脂的作用。     

何首乌醋酸乙酯提取部位与二苯乙烯苷的调血脂作用

目的 研究何首乌醋酸乙酯提取部位(EAFF-PM)与有效成分二苯乙烯苷的调血脂作用.方法 观察EAEF PM和二苯乙烯苷对正常小鼠血脂及肝脏指数的影响;小鼠ip Triton致急性高脂血症模型,观察EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠血脂水平的影响;以大鼠食饵性高脂血症为模型,给予高脂饲料的同时给予EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷,连续28 d,测定血脂、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,肝组织中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平以及肝脏指数.结果 对正常小鼠,二苯乙烯苷和EAEF-PM均有升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的作用.EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷对ip Triton致高脂血症小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C均有降低作用,对HDL-C均有升高作用.EAEF-PM 60mg/kg明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的肝脏指数;EAEF-PM 30、60 mg/kg明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的血清TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA水平和TC/HDL-C值,明显升高血清HDL-C和NO水平以及SOD活性,二苯乙烯苷对各项指标的作用强度略低于EAEF-PM,但无显著性差异.结论 何首乌中EAEF-PM及二苯乙烯苷均具有调血脂、抗氧化,保护血管内皮的功能,二苯乙烯苷为发挥药效作用的主要物质,提示可用于预防高脂血症.     

紫苏子对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的: 研究紫苏子对高脂血症模型大鼠的降血脂作用.方法: 用0.8、4.2、25.0 g/kg剂量的紫苏子连续喂饲大鼠30 d,取血清测定大鼠血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量.结果: 紫苏子能明显降低TC和TG含量,但对HDL-C的水平无显著影响.结论: 紫苏子可降低高脂血症大鼠血脂水平.     

黄连素联合二甲双胍对实验性高脂血症的降血脂作用

目的 探讨黄连素合用二甲双胍（B-M合剂,2∶1）对高脂血症大鼠和小鼠的降血脂作用.方法 高脂饲料喂养建立大鼠慢性高脂血症模型,分为正常组、模型组、B-M合剂三个剂量组（280 mg/kg、140 mg/kg、70 mg/kg）、二甲双胍组（140 mg/kg）,每组10只,灌胃给药21d,取血清测定甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平.尾静脉注射Triton WR-1339建立小鼠急性高脂血症模型,分为正常组、模型组、B-M合剂三个剂量组（400 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、100 mg/kg）、二甲双胍组（200 mg/kg）,每组10只,造模前3d开始灌胃给药,造模后24h取血清测定TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平.结果 B-M合剂各剂量均能明显降低高脂血症大鼠血清TG、TC和LDL-C水平,与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）. B-M合剂各剂量能降低高脂血症小鼠血脂水平,其中高剂量组血清TG、TC、HDL-C和LDL-C水平比模型组均显著降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,中剂量组明显降低血清TG、TC和LDL-C水平（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,低剂量组则主要降低血清LDL-C水平（P＜0.05）.降血脂效应呈现出一定的剂量相关性.结论 黄连素合用二甲双胍可有效改善高脂血症的脂质代谢紊乱.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.