Cytotoxic activity of some phenanthroindolizidine N-oxide alkaloids from Cynanchum vincetoxicum

Two previously known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, (-)-10beta-antofine N-oxide (1) and (-)-10beta, 13aalpha-14beta-hydroxyantofine N-oxide (2), and a novel alkaloid, (-)-10beta,13aalpha-secoantofine N-oxide (3), were isolated from aerial parts of Cynanchum vincetoxicum. Their structures were established by means of NMR methods, including COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, as well as from their CD spectra. Cytotoxic activity of the alkaloids was assessed in vitro using both a drug-sensitive KB-3-1 and a multi-drug-resistant KB-V1 cancer cell line. The antofine derivatives (1 and 2) showed pronounced cytotoxicity against the drug-sensitive cell line (IC(50) values about 100 nM), whereas the secoantofine derivative (3) was considerably less active. The KB-V1 cell line showed a marginal resistance against all alkaloids, demonstrating that these compounds are poor substrates for the P-glycoprotein (P-170) efflux pump.     

酰基高丝氨酸内酯类化合物诱导细菌NJ6-3-1抗菌物质代谢的研究

目的选择一株具有抗菌活性的海绵共栖细菌NJ6-3-1为实验菌株,考察其抗菌物质的代谢是否受到群体感应诱导信号分子的调控。方法利用细菌NJ6-3-1自身代谢的3种酰基高丝氨酸内酯类化合物(Acyl-homoserine lac-tones,AHLs)作为自诱导物质,采用生物自显影和高效液相色谱技术,研究了低密度条件下的细菌NJ6-3-1与3种不同AHLs共培养时的抗菌活性及抗菌物质代谢情况。结果辛酰基高丝氨酸内酯(C8-HSL)能诱导细菌NJ6-3-1在不产生抗菌物质的低密度生长条件下代谢抗菌物质,并且能诱导细菌NJ6-3-1抗菌物质代谢产量显著增强。结论细菌NJ6-3-1抗菌物质的代谢受到自诱导物C8-HSL的调控。     

Remangilones A-C, new cytotoxic triterpenes from Physena madagascariensis

Three new 24,28-dinorolean-3-one derivatives, the remangilones A-C (1-3), were isolated from the dried leaves of Physena madagascariensis using a human mammary carcinoma cell line to guide the isolation. The structures of 1-3 were deduced primarily from NMR studies. Compounds 1 and 3, remangilones A and C, respectively, were found to be cytotoxic against two human breast cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis at concentrations of 2.3 microM.     

玉簪花的抗肿瘤活性甾体皂苷成分研究

目的为实现对药用植物的可持续利用,对玉簪Hosta plantaginea的花进行了甾体皂苷类成分及其体外抗肿瘤作用的研究。方法应用常规柱色谱(包括正相、反相和凝胶柱色谱)分离和波谱分析方法对玉簪花进行分离和结构鉴定;以3种悬浮肿瘤细胞白血病肿瘤细胞株(HL-60、Jurkat、K562)和3种贴壁实体瘤细胞株(肝癌HepG2、乳腺癌MCF7、胃癌SGC7901)为研究对象,采用MTT法对化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选研究。结果从玉簪花中分离鉴定了10个化合物,其中3个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到,分别为吉托皂苷元(1)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(3)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-{β-D-木糖(1→4)-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-[β-D-木糖(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷}(10);7个已知化合物,分别是吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(2)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)-β-D-半乳糖苷(4)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(5)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-O-[α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-半乳糖苷(6)、替告皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-O-[α-L-鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-半乳糖苷(7)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-{β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-O-[β-D-木糖(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷}(8)、吉托皂苷元-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→2)-O-[α-L-鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-木糖(1→3)]-O-β-D-葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-半乳糖苷(9)。体外抗肿瘤活性实验结果显示化合物5,6,8～10对肝癌HepG2、乳腺癌MCF7和胃癌SGC7901肿瘤细胞毒活性较强。结论玉簪花中的甾体化合物对不同肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒选择性,有一定的抗癌活性,同时利用地上部分的花作为药用资源,可以实现对该药用植物的可持续利用。     

骨碎补提取物促小鼠成骨细胞株MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、分化和钙化作用的研究

目的 :探讨中药骨碎补有无促进成骨细胞增殖、分化和钙化的作用。方法 :制备骨碎补的水、醇提取液。小鼠成骨细胞株MC3T3 E1作为药物筛选的细胞模型 ;用MTT法和流式细胞术测定不同浓度的骨碎补水、醇提取液的促细胞增殖作用 ;采用ALP活性和骨钙素定量检测分别观察上述药物提取液的促细胞分化作用 ;以Vonkossa钙化染色法了解上述药物提取液的促细胞钙化作用。结果 :0.01,1mg·L^-1骨碎补水提液能促进MC3T3 E1细胞数量增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;0.01,1mg·L^-1骨碎补水提液和醇提液能使S期细胞百分率升高、G1期细胞百分率减少 ;1,10 0mg·L^-1骨碎补醇提液能使细胞ALP的活性升高 (P <0.05 ) ;100mg·L^-1骨碎补醇提液能明显促进细胞骨钙素合成和分泌 (P <0 .001) ;1mg·L^-1骨碎补水提液及 0.01mg·L^-1骨碎补醇提液均可促进细胞钙化 (P <0.05 )。结论 :骨碎补水相和醇相提取物中分别存在有较高活性的促成骨细胞增殖、分化和钙化的物质。     

Sesquiterpene quinones and related metabolites from Phyllosticta spinarum, a fungal strain endophytic in Platycladus orientalis of the Sonoran Desert

Five new metabolites, (+)-(5 S,10 S)-4'-hydroxymethylcyclozonarone ( 1), 3-ketotauranin ( 3), 3alpha-hydroxytauranin ( 4), 12-hydroxytauranin ( 5), and phyllospinarone ( 6), together with tauranin ( 2), were isolated from Phyllosticta spinarum, a fungal strain endophytic in Platycladus orientalis. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and chemical interconversions. All compounds were evaluated for inhibition of cell proliferation in a panel of five cancer cell lines, and only tauranin ( 2) showed activity. When tested in a flow cytometry-based assay, tauranin induced apoptosis in PC-3M and NIH 3T3 cell lines.     

Constituents of the Vietnamese medicinal plant Streptocaulon juventas and their antiproliferative activity against the human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line

The methanolic extract of roots of Streptocaulon juventas, having shown strong antiproliferative activity against the highly metastatic human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line, was subjected to activity-guided isolation to yield 16 cardenolides including five new ones, acovenosigenin A 3-O-beta-digitoxopyranoside (1), digitoxigenin gentiobioside (2), digitoxigenin 3-O-[O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-3-O-acetyl-beta-digitoxopyranoside] (3), digitoxigenin 3-O-[O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-digitalopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-cymaropyranoside] (4), and periplogenin 3-O-(4-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-beta-digitalopyranoside) (5), and two new hemiterpenoids, (4R)-4-hydroxy-3-isopropylpentyl beta-rutinoside (6) and (R)-2-ethyl-3-methylbutyl beta-rutinoside (7), together with two known phenylpropanoids and a known phenylethanoid. The isolated cardenolides strongly inhibited the proliferation of the HT-1080 cell line (IC(50) values, 54-1600 nM).     

Cytotoxic and Antihaptotactic beauvericin analogues from precursor-directed biosynthesis with the insect pathogen Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159

Precursor-directed biosynthesis was used to produce analogues of the cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxin beauvericin (1) using the filamentous fungus Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Feeding 30 analogues of D-2-hydroxyisovalerate and L-phenylalanine, the natural 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid and amino acid precursors of beauvericin, led to the biosynthesis of novel beauvericins. Six of these were isolated and characterized, and their cytotoxicity and directional cell migration (haptotaxis) inhibitory activity against the metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC-3M were evaluated. Replacement of one, two, or all three of the D-2-hydroxyisovalerate constituents in beauvericin (1) with 2-hydroxybutyrate moieties (beauvericins G(1-3), compounds 2-4) caused a parallel decline of cell migration inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity, suggesting a requirement for a branched side chain for both of these biological activities at the corresponding positions of beauvericins. Replacement of one, two, or all three N-methyl-L-phenylalanine residues of beauvericin with N-methyl-L-3-fluorophenylalanine moieties (beauvericins H(1-3), compounds 5-7) increased cytotoxicity without affecting antihaptotactic activity.     

Diastereomeric quinolinone alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium janczewskii

From Penicillium janczewskii, obtained from a marine sample, two new diastereomeric quinolinones, 3S,4R-dihydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (1) and 3R,4R-dihydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (2), were identified, along with two known alkaloids, peniprequinolone (3) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (4). Cytotoxicity testing on eight tumor cell lines revealed a moderate specificity of 2 on SKOV-3 cells.     

New steroidal glycosides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris

Three new steroidal saponins (1-3) were isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods (IR, HRESIMS, 1D- and 2D-NMR) as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5beta-furost-20(22)-en-3bet a, 26-diol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5beta-furost-20(22)-en-3bet a, 26-diol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2), and 25(S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-( 1-->2)-[b eta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3). Compound 3 showed cytotoxicity against a human malignant melanoma cell line (SK-MEL).     

Antineoplastic Agents. 554. The manitoba bacterium Streptomyces sp

A Streptomyces sp. isolated from riverbank soil in Manitoba, Canada, was found to contain two cancer cell growth inhibitories: diazaanthraquinone 1 and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (8). The structures were determined by interpretation of data from HRMS, UV, and high-field (400 MHz) NMR experiments. The red-colored diazaanthraquinone 1 and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (8) were found to inhibit (0.1-3 microg/mL) growth of a minipanel of human cancer cell lines and P388 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Diazaanthraquinone 1 was also found to inhibit growth of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrheae. However, three companion constituents, cyclo-Pro-Leu (5), cyclo-Pro-Phe (6), and cyclo-Pro-Val (7), did not inhibit cancer cell growth.     

白首乌体外抑制肿瘤细胞成分研究

目的：首乌块根中分离出C21甾体苷单体,并研究其抗肿瘤活性。方法：运用柱色谱和HPLC分离纯化,通过IR,1HNMR,13C NMR,ESI鉴定出其化学结构。结果：从白首乌中分离出3种C21甾体苷,它们分别是告达庭3-O-β-D-磁麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D—磁麻吡喃糖苷、告达庭3-O-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D—磁麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D—磁麻吡喃糖苷、告达庭3-O-β-D-磁麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D—夹竹桃吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D—磁麻吡喃糖基-（1→4）-β-D—磁麻吡喃糖苷,分离得到的这3种C21甾体苷均具有抗肿瘤作用。结论：从白首乌中分离得到的3种C21甾体苷对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用具有选择性。     

Latrunculin A and its C-17-O-carbamates inhibit prostate tumor cell invasion and HIF-1 activation in breast tumor cells

The marine-derived macrolides latrunculins A ( 1) and B, from the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, have been found to reversibly bind actin monomers, forming a 1:1 complex with G-actin and disrupting its polymerization. The microfilament protein actin is responsible for several essential functions within the cell such as cytokinesis and cell migration. One of the main binding pharmacophores of 1 to G-actin was identified as the C-17 lactol hydroxyl moiety that binds arginine 210 NH. Latrunculin A-17- O-carbamates 2- 6 were prepared by reaction with the corresponding isocyanates. Latrunculin A ( 1) and carbamates 4- 6 displayed potent anti-invasive activity against the human highly metastatic human prostate cancer PC-3M cells in a Matrigel assay at a concentration range of 50 nM to 1 microM. Latrunculin A ( 1, 500 nM) decreased the disaggregation and cell migration of PC-3M-CT+ spheroids by 3-fold. Carbamates 4 and 5 were 2.5- and 5-fold more active than 1, respectively, in this assay with less actin binding affinity. Latrunculin A ( 1, IC 50 6.7 microM) and its 17- O-[ N-(benzyl)carbamate ( 6, IC 50 29 microM) suppress hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activation in T47D breast tumor cells.     

Norsesquiterpenes from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata

Three bisnorsesquiterpenes (1-3) with novel carbon skeletons and a norsesquiterpene (4) have been isolated from the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata. By means of spectroscopic data including IR, HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and CD, their structures including absolute configurations were proposed as (+)-(1R,6S,9R)-1-hydroxyl-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en-3-one (1), (-)-(1S,6S,9R)-1-hydroxyl-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0] non-4-en-3-one (2), (+)-(5S,6R,9S)-5-hydroxyl-6-isopropyl-9-methylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-1-en-3-one (3), and (-)-(1R,7S,10R)-1-hydroxy-11-norcadinan-5-en-4-one (4). Biogenetically, the carbon skeleton of 1-3 may be derived from the co-occurring cadinane skeleton by ring contraction and loss of two carbon units, and compound 4 from the oxidation of cadinane derivatives. Compounds 1-4 were inactive (IC50 > 10 microg/mL) against several human cancer cell lines including lung adenocarcinoma (A549), stomach cancer (BGC-823), breast cancer (MCF-7), hepatoma (Bel7402), and colon cancer (HCT-8) cell lines.     

Annocherin and (2,4)-cis- and trans-annocherinones, monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins with a C-7 carbonyl group from Annona cherimolia seeds.

The new cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins, annocherin (1) and a mixture of (2,4)-cis- and trans-annocherinones (2 and 3), were isolated from the bioactive methanolic extract of Annonacherimolia seeds. Compounds 1-3 each possess an unusual 7-carbonyl group. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. Compounds 1-3 showed significant toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test and cytotoxicity for six human solid tumor cell lines, with selectivity for the renal cell line (A-498) at potencies equivalent to Adriamycin.     

Nitrogen-containing compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Five new N-containing compounds, neosalvianen (1), salvianen (2), salvianan (3), salviadione (4), and 5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (5), were isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their structures were mainly established by spectroscopic methods. Neosalvianen (1) and its analogues (6a, 6b) were synthesized for spectroscopic data comparison. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6a were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against selected cancer cell lines. Among these components, salvianen (2) exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity with a CD50 range of 30.4-39.5 microM against HeLa (cervical epitheloid carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma) cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicities of the tested compounds were not specific and showed similar activities to the selected cancer cell lines.     

20S-protopanaxadiol-induced programmed cell death in glioma cells through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways

20S-Protopanaxadiol (1) is an aglycon metabolic derivative of the protopanaxadiol-type ginseng saponins. In the present study, 1 was used to induce cytotoxicity for two human glioma cell lines, SF188 and U87MG. For the SF188 cells, 1 activated caspases-3, -8, -7, and -9 within 3 h and induced rapid apoptosis, which could be partially inhibited by a general caspase blocker and completely abolished when the caspase blocker was used in combination with an antioxidant. Compound 1 also induced cell death in U87MG cells but did not activate any caspases in these cells. Monodansylcadaverine staining showed that 1 induced dramatic autophagy in both cell lines. Elevated levels of superoxide anion in both cells and reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt in U87MG cells were also demonstrated. These results showed that 20S-protopanaxadiol (1) induces different forms of programmed cell death, including both typical apoptosis and autophagy through both caspase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.     

酮洛芬异丙酯在HaCaT细胞中的代谢

 目的研究酮洛芬异丙酯在HaCaT细胞中的代谢作用，为探讨HaCaT细胞作为研究酯类前体药物的皮肤代谢模型提供实验依据。方法采用含不同浓度酮洛芬异丙酯的人角质形成细胞无血清培养基进行HaCaT细胞培养，或将不同量酮洛芬异丙酯加入HaCaT细胞的PBS匀浆中进行37℃温孵实验，通过高效液相色谱法分别在不同时间测定细胞培养液和细胞匀浆中酮洛芬异丙酯及酮洛芬的浓度。结果酮洛芬异丙酯在HaCaT细胞培养和匀浆中能被水解成酮洛芬。酮洛芬的形成速率与酮洛芬异丙酯初始浓度的大小有关，在低浓度时随酮洛芬异丙酯初始浓度增大而增加。细胞培养中，加入1.478 9，4.735 3，9.034 1，11.851 1μmol·L^-1的酮洛芬异丙酯对细胞活性影响不大，酮洛芬的形成速率分别是0.069 6，0.272 2，0.886 0，0.675 1μmol·L^-1·h^-1。细胞匀浆中，酮洛芬异丙酯的初始浓度是7.457 3，12.678 7，24.784 5，44.694 3 μmol·L^-1，相应的酮洛芬形成速率分别为0.134 7，0.278 2，0.473 5，0.608 9μmol·L^-1·h^-1。结论HaCaT细胞作为一种常用的角质形成细胞系细胞，可用于研究酯类前体药物的皮肤代谢。     

基于ZEB2、14-3-3ζ/TGF-β/smad通路探讨七方胃痛颗粒对人胃腺癌AGS细胞EMT的影响

目的探讨七方胃痛颗粒对ZEB2、14-3-3ζ/TGF-β/smad通路介导胃癌EMT和获得浸润侵袭转移能力过程中的作用和机制及对EMT细胞的ZEB2、14-3-3ζ表达的影响,为七方胃痛颗粒防治胃癌提供理论依据。方法参照血清药理学方法制备七方胃痛颗粒含药血清,观察七方胃痛颗粒中药对AGS细胞、TGF-β1诱导AGS细胞形成EMT细胞的干预情况,分别采用细胞划痕试验、Transwell细胞侵袭试验和MTT法检测细胞侵袭迁移穿透能力;采用Western Blot、RT-PCR法检测细胞ZEB2、14-3-3ζ的转录及表达情况。结果与TGF-β1/Smad组和空白对照组相比,七方胃痛颗粒能抑制人胃腺癌AGS细胞及EMT细胞的增殖、侵袭和穿透能力(P<0.05),且EMT细胞中ZEB2、14-3-3ζ蛋白和mRNA表达降低(P<0.05),并呈时间依赖性。结论在体外试验中,七方胃痛颗粒能抑制人胃腺癌AGS细胞及其EMT细胞的增殖、侵袭和穿透能力,其机制可能与抑制其ZEB2、14-3-3ζ及TGF-β/smad通路相关,从而达到抗癌作用。     

粟米草三萜类化学成分及其活性研究

目的研究粟米草Mollugo pentaphylla中的三萜类化学成分,寻找其中具有细胞毒活性化合物。方法综合运用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱、半制备型高效液相及SephadexLH-20凝胶柱色谱等各种色谱技术进行系统化学研究,根据其理化性质和MS、NMR等波谱数据鉴定化合物结构,同时对所得的三萜皂苷进行细胞毒活性测试。结果从粟米草干燥地上部分醇提取物中共分离得到6个三萜类化合物,分别鉴定为粟米草苷E(1)、3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosy1(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid(2)、竹节香附皂苷R8(3)、竹节香附素A(4)、mollugogenolsA(5)、齐墩果酸(6)。细胞毒活性显示,化合物1~5对人前列腺癌DU145细胞、人宫颈癌HeLa细胞及人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞均显示一定的抑制作用,尤其是对人早幼粒急性白血病HL-60细胞,其IC50分别为10.21、38.43、40.28、20.59、83.16μmol/L。结论化合物1为新的齐墩果酸型三萜皂苷,2~4为首次从该植物中分离得到。细胞毒活性显示,化合物1~5对人前列腺癌DU145细胞、人宫颈癌HeLa细胞及人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞均显示一定的抑制作用。