腹腔镜手术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤40例临床观察

腹腔镜手术以其创伤小、恢复快、术后病率低等优点,迅速被广泛应用于妇科良性疾病的治疗.随着腹腔镜技术和设备的不断发展,应用腹腔镜治疗妇科恶性肿瘤日益增多,并取得良好效果.本院2008年2月～2010年09月对40例妇科恶性肿瘤患者采用腹腔镜下子宫广泛切除和盆、腹腔淋巴结清扫术,术后患者恢复良好,现报告如下.     

腹腔镜手术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤40例临床观察

腹腔镜手术以其创伤小、恢复快、术后病率低等优点，迅速被广泛应用于妇科良性疾病的治疗。随着腹腔镜技术和设备的不断发展，应用腹腔镜治疗妇科恶性肿瘤日益增多，并取得良好效果。本院2008年2月-2010年09月对40例妇科恶性肿瘤患者采用腹腔镜下子宫广泛切除和盆、腹腔淋巴结清扫术，术后患者恢复良好，现报告如下。     

腹腔镜淋巴结切除治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的临床应用价值

目的观察腹腔镜淋巴结切除术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的临床效果。方法 42例I期妇科恶性肿瘤患者按照随机数字表法将其分组为两组。对照组:采用开腹手术治疗;观察组:宫颈癌行腹腔镜广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除;内膜癌行腹腔镜筋膜外子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结切除。内膜癌均行腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除或取样。观察比较两组患者的平均手术时间和出血量以及并发症、术后肛门排气时间、术后补充治疗间隔时间、留置尿管时间,进行比较和分析。结果观察组的平均手术时间和出血量以及术后肛门排气时间、术后并发症、留置尿管时间、术后补充治疗间隔时间均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者随访6~12个月,平均(11.0±1.0)个月,不存在穿刺口和切口以及外阴肿瘤转移情况。结论临床对恶性肿瘤患者采用腹腔镜淋巴结切除术治疗,能够提高治疗效果,且安全可靠。     

腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术的围术期护理

开腹手术一直是治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的主要方法。然而，随着腹腔镜技术的发展和相关设备的日益完善，腹腔镜在妇科恶性肿瘤治疗中的应用也越来越广泛。2006年11月至2008年8月，我科采用腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除、双附件切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈癌患者10例，效果良好，现报道如下。     

经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除联合腹腔镜手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤23例围术期护理

目的:探讨经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除联合腹腔镜手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤患者围术期的护理方法。方法:对23例子宫恶性肿瘤患者,行经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除加腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清除术,并给予精心围术期护理。结果:23例患者均顺利完成手术,无护理并发症发生。平均手术时间为216 min,术中平均出血量350 ml,3例需要输血。术后肛门排气时间平均1.8 d,膀胱功能恢复时间平均11.5 d,平均术后住院时间9.5 d,术后第1天均可下地活动。22例无复发。结论:加强经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除联合腹腔镜手术患者围术期的护理,能提高患者对手术的认识,防止并发症的发生,提高护理质量。该术式具有损伤小、恢复快等优点,是目前治疗子宫恶性肿瘤较理想的术式。     

腹腔镜子宫切除术并发症的探讨

随着微创技术的发展,妇科腹腔镜技术在子宫切除术中已广泛应用。腹腔镜与开腹手术比较优点很多:如腹壁切口小、肿瘤分期明确可立即治疗、减轻术后疼痛、康复时间短、腹腔脏器恢复快等[1]。我院自2003年1月至2007年1月做腹腔镜手术326例,发生并发症的患者40例,现就该术式并发症发生的原因和预防分析总结如下。1临床资料我院自2003年1月至2007年1月行腹腔镜子宫切除手术326例,患者年龄31~65岁,平均52±10.2岁,均已婚已育。本组手术的指征为子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌病、子宫功能失调性出血等。患者术前行常规检查,妇科检查及宫颈细胞学检查等。2治疗…     

经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除联合腹腔镜手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤23例围术期护理

目的：探讨经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除联合腹腔镜手术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤患者围术期的护理方法。方法：对23例子宫恶性肿瘤患者,行经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除加腹腔镜盆腔淋巴结清除术,并给予精心围术期护理。结果：23例患者均顺利完成手术,无护理并发症发生。平均手术时间为216min,术中平均出血量350ml,3例需要输血。术后肛门排气时间平均1．8d,膀胱功能恢复时间平均11．5d,平均术后住院时间9．5d,术后第1天均可下地活动。22例无复发。结论：加强经阴道子宫广泛或次广泛切除联合腹腔镜手术患者围术期的护理,能提高患者对手术的认识,防止并发症的发生,提高护理质量。该术式具有损伤小、恢复快等优点,是目前治疗子宫恶性肿瘤较理想的术式。     

腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的可行性及近期疗效。方法比较2009-03—2011-0136例行腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术及40例同期开腹行该类手术患者的临床资料,观察2组手术时间、术中出血量、切除淋巴结数目、住院时间、肠道排气时间、尿管留置时间及术后病率等的差异。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量、淋巴结切除数、平均住院时间和术后病率均小于开腹组,差异有统计学意义。腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组,但差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、术后病率低等优点,且与开腹行此类手术相比同样安全有效。不失为治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤的理想方法。     

腹腔镜治疗宫颈癌的近期临床疗效

宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,近年来由于宫颈细胞学筛查的普遍应用,使宫颈癌和癌前病变能早期发现和治疗［1］。近年来,随着腹腔镜技术在妇科领域应用的开展与进步,腔镜器械以及术者的手术技巧的不断提高,腹腔镜广泛子宫切除＋盆腔淋巴结切除术（LRHPL）相对于传统经腹手术（ARHPL）,手术视野更清晰、创伤更小,术后恢复更快,其优势和良好效果已经被国内学者们广泛认识并接受［2］。本文选取2011年1月-2013年12月在本院行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除＋盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈癌的患者41例,并与同期行经腹宫颈癌根治术的患者40例进行比较,探讨LRHPL治疗宫颈癌的近期临床疗效,现报告如下。     

腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术后患者护理

腹腔镜妇科肿瘤切除手术是妇科手术的一大进步．它具有创伤小、盆腔粘连形成少、术后恢复快的优点。子宫切除术是妇科疾病常用治疗方法，最初子宫切除需开腹完成．后经医学发展由腹腔镜完成，但因较大子宫切除，腹腔镜又有一定局限性，近两年来腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术，日益受到重视，它不仅手术时间短，术中出血少，而且术后恢复快，我科自2004年开展以来，临床效果满意，受到患者的信赖。现将我科积累的护理经验介绍如下。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.