趋化因子受体CXCR4在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的观察趋化因子受体CXCR4在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义,探讨基质衍生因子SDF-1（CXCL12）-CXCR4生物学轴在结直肠癌侵袭转移中的作用。方法免疫组织化学法检测53例结直肠癌组织及27例正常黏膜组织中CXCR4的表达及分布,并分析高表达CXCR4与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征的关系。反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）、Western印迹方法检测27例结直肠癌肿瘤组织、正常黏膜及5例肝转移灶内CXCR4 mRNA表达及CXCR4蛋白表达水平。结果53例结直肠癌组织中CXCR4表达阳性率为73．6％,高表达率（表达超过50％细胞）为45．3％;有淋巴结转移组CXCR4高表达率（65．4％）明显高于无淋巴结转移组（25．9％）（P〈0．01）。并与肿瘤血管淋巴管浸润有关。随着临床分期的增加,肿瘤组织中CXCR4高表达率有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。CXCR4的表达与患者肿瘤部位、大小、浸润深度无关（P〉0．05）。27例新鲜结直肠癌组织中CXCR4mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显高于相应的正常黏膜组织（P〈0．01）;5例肝转移灶组织中CXCR4表达显著高于对应的原发灶（P〈0．01）。结论趋化因子受体CXCR4是一类参与结直肠癌病程进展的重要分子,CXCL12-CXCR4信号通路有望成为结直肠癌治疗的新靶点。     

结直肠癌组织中GINS复合物的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨GINS复合物在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测76例结直肠癌标本中GINS复合物4个基因PSF1、PS砣、PSF3和SLD5的mRNA表达情况．并分析其与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果结直肠癌组织中PSF1、PSF2、PSF3和SLD5mRNA的相对表达量（0．001853±0．000651、0．007757±0．004260、0．000967±0．000481、0．003248±0．001721）均明显高于正常黏膜组织（0．000352±0．000169、0．002951±0．001216、0．000472±0．000271和0．001675±0．001156）（均P〈0．01）。PSF1mRNA表达与肿瘤大小（p〈0．01）有关;PSF2mRNA表达与患者年龄（P〈O．05）和淋巴结转移（P〈0．05）有关;PSF3mRNA表达与患者临床病理特征无关（P〉0．05）;SLD5mRNA表达与患者淋巴结转移（P〈0．01）有关。PSFl、PSF2和SLD5高表达组患者的5年生存率分别为57．1％、54．3％和54．3％,均明显低于低表达组患者的77．1％、80．O％和80．0％,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。Cox回归分析结果提示,PSFlmRNA表达是影响结直肠癌患者预后的独立因素之一（P〈0．05）。结论GINS复合物在结直肠癌组织中高表达,且与患者临床病理特征有密切关系．其中PSFlmRNA表达可作为预测结直肠癌患者预后的生物学指标。     

14-3-3σ和热休克蛋白27在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨14-3-3σ和热休克蛋白（HSP）27在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学染色方法检测14-3-3σ和HSP27在50例结直肠癌组织中的表达情况．（取距肿瘤组织15cm以上,病理证实无癌细胞的癌旁组织作对照）结合其临床病理学资料,分析它们之间的关系。结果14-3-3σ在对照组和肿瘤组中的阳性表达率分别为10％和58％．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;HSP27在对照组和肿瘤组中的阳性表达率分别为16％和54％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;结直肠癌组织中14-3-3σ与HSP27表达无明显相关（p〉0．05）。14-3-3σ表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移（均P〈0．05）有关,而与性别、分化程度、浆膜浸润无关（均p〉0．05）：HSP27表达与淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）,与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度、浆膜浸润无关（均P〉0．05）。结论14-3-3σ和HSP27在结直肠癌中表达明显增高．这两种蛋白均与结直肠癌淋巴结转移关系密切。     

代谢综合征与结直肠癌的相关性研究

目的探讨代谢综合征与结直肠癌的关系。方法采用多中心病例对照研究,收集2000—2009年间景德镇市第一、第二、第三人民医院收治的资料完整、年龄在30-75岁之间的1506例结直肠癌患者（病例组,男936例,女570例）,以及同期在上述3间医院接受住院治疗、年龄30～75岁且资料完整的3354例非慢性、非肿瘤性、非消化道疾病患者（对照组．男1766例．女1588例）。采用多因素逻辑回归分析对代谢综合征及其各单一病种（中心型肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压和高胆固醇血症）与结直肠癌的关系进行分析,并按性别进一步分层分析。结果病例组和对照组分别有48例（3．2％）和59例（1．8％）最终诊断为代谢综合征。与非代谢综合征相比．代谢性综合征患者发生结直肠癌的风险增高了1．64倍（95％CI：1．14．2．49,P〈0．05）;对于男性,代谢综合征患者发生结直肠癌的风险增高了1．92倍（95％CI：1．27．3．78,P〈0．05）;而对于女性,代谢综合征与结直肠癌的发生并无关联（P〉0．05）。男性患者代谢综合征单一病种数量越多。出现结直肠癌的风险越高（P〈0．01）;而女性患者则未呈现此种趋势（P〉0．05）。结论代谢综合征与结直肠癌的关联性存在于男性而非女性中。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对肿瘤细胞微转移影响的研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对术后肿瘤微转移的影响。方法 以细胞角蛋白20（cytokeratin，CK-20）mRNA为靶基因，运用逆转录一聚合酶链反应方法（RT-PCR），检测48例结直肠癌患者手术前后外周血肿瘤细胞数鞋的变化。结果 腹腔镜手术组术后外周血肿瘤细胞增加数量高于传统开腹手术组（P〈0．05）。腹腔镜手术组术后外周血肿瘤细胞数量增加的程度与患者年龄无关（P〉0．05）而与增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen，PCNA）阳性率有明显的关系（P〈0．05）。结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术有增加术后肿瘤血行转移的危险性；PCNA≥50％的患者如果行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术，术后发生血行转移的危险性更大。     

MTSS1蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨肿瘤转移抑制因子1（MTSS1）基因的表达与结直肠癌生物学行为及预后之间的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学的方法分析MTSS1蛋白在60例结直肠癌患者组织,以及60例同一患者癌旁10cm正常黏膜组织标本中的表达情况,并应用SPSS13．0软件对实验数据进行统计学分析,MTSS1在癌旁正常黏膜和结直肠癌组织中的表达采用卡方检验四格表,MTSS1蛋白的表达与结直肠癌患者临床病理参数的数据采用RxC表的x2检验,校正使用Fisher确切概率法,以P〈0．05为差异具有统计学意义。结果MTSS1在癌旁10cm正常黏膜和结直肠癌组织中的表达率分别为：100％（60／60）和28．3％（17／60）,在结直肠癌组织中的表达显著低于癌旁10em正常黏膜,其差异有显著统计学意义x2=67．013,P〈O．01）;MTSS1的表达与性别、年龄、病灶位置、癌组织大体分型和远处转移等因素均无明显关系钟=0．134、0．019、0．002、0．334、1．433、P〉0．05）;MTSS1表达下调与结直肠癌浸润深度、分化程度、淋巴结转移以及Dukes分期等因素相关（x2=9．520、13．849、7．171、8．026、P〈0．05）。结论MTSS1蛋白异常表达可能在结直肠癌的发生发展及其浸润转移中起着重要作用。     

结直肠癌淋巴结转移的规律及其影响因素

目的探讨结直肠癌淋巴结转移的规律及其影响因素。方法总结1166例接受手术治疗的结直肠癌患者的临床病理资料，分析各临床病理因素对结直肠癌淋巴结转移的影响。结果全组病例淋巴结转移率为49．7％；单因素分析显示，患者的性别（x^2=1．46，r=0．035，P〉0．05）和肿瘤部位（x^2=3．86，r=0．012，P〉0．05）与淋巴结转移无关；而年龄（x^2=13．1，r=0．064，P〈0．05）、肿瘤大小（x^2=77．161，r=0．245，P〈0．01）、大体类型（x^2=144．831，r=0．341，P〈0．01）、组织学类型（x^2=128．310，r=0．318，P〈0．01）、分化程度（x^2=120．418，r=0．319，P〈0．01）及浸润深度（x^2=227．287，r=0．434，P〈0．01）与淋巴结转移密切相关。Logistic多因素回归分析得出的与淋巴结转移的相关因素按密切程度依次递减为：浸润深度、大体类型、分化程度、肿瘤大小。术前血清癌胚抗原水平与淋巴结转移高度相关（x^2=509．599，r=0．661，P〈0．01）。结论结直肠癌的浸润深度是淋巴结转移发生的最主要因素；术前血清CEA水平的上升提示淋巴结转移的发生。     

多基因联合提高结直肠癌甲基化检测阳性率的研究

目的探讨联合检测Vimentin、sFRP1和HPP1基因甲基化对提高结直肠癌甲基化阳性率的意义。方法收集90例结直肠癌（结直肠癌组）和60例腺瘤性息肉（腺瘤组）患者及20例结直肠正常组织（正常对照组）标本,提取组织标本的DNA,采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）检测Vimentin、sFRP1和HPP1基因甲基化状态。分析其与结直肠癌的关系及甲基化阳性率。结果结直肠癌组Vimentin、sFRP1和HPP1基因甲基化率分别为66．7％（60／90）、68．9％（62／90）和72．2％（65／90）;腺瘤组则分别为53.3％（32／60）、55．0％（33／60）和50．0％（30／60）;正常对照组分别为0、0和5．0％（1／20）。结直肠癌组3个基因甲基化阳性率均高于腺瘤组和正常对照组（P〈O．05）。3个基因甲基化联合检测诊断结直肠癌和腺瘤的阳性率分别为93．3％（84／90）和76．7％（46／60）,高于单个基因检测的甲基化阳性率（P〈0．05）。3个基因甲基化状态与本组结直肠癌患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期无关（P〉0．05）。结论Vimentin、sFRP1和HPP1基因启动子甲基化水平在结直肠癌组织中升高．其联合检测明显提高了结直肠癌甲基化检测阳性率．有可能成为结直肠癌早期诊断的甲基化检测方案。     

淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 明确淋巴管特异性标记物淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1（LYVE-1）的表达情况,并探讨其表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移及预后的关系。方法选取40例结直肠癌标本及其癌旁组织．采用实时定量PCR检测LYVE-1mRNA水平．采用免疫组织化学染色检测LYVE-1蛋白表达水平、淋巴管密度（LVD）及MVD．分析LYVE-1表达和LVD计数与淋巴结转移及患者预后的关系。结果结直肠癌组织中LYVE-1的表达和LVD计数明显高于正常组织（P〈0．05）。有淋巴结转移者LYVE-1表达水平和LVD计数均明显高于无淋巴结转移者（P〈0．05）。低LVD组术后复发率和3年生存率分别为46．7％和90．1％,高LVD组则分别为60．0％和56．7％（均P〈0．05）;而LYVE-1的表达则与术后复发及预后无明显相关（均P〉0．05）。结论LYVE-1特异性表达于淋巴管,与结直肠癌淋巴结转移密切相关：LVD可用于评价预后。     

结缔组织生长因子在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与患者预后的关系

目的探讨结直肠癌组织中结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）mRNA和蛋白的表达及其与患者临床病理因素及5年生存率的关系。方法采用实时定量PCR技术检测92例结直肠癌及其相应远端正常结肠组织中CTGFmRNA的表达情况,再从中随机选取30对组织进行免疫组织化学检测CTGF蛋白表达．并对该组患者进行生存分析。结果CTGFmRNA在结直肠癌组织中高表达,其CTGF蛋白阳性率73．3％（22／30）高于正常结肠组织的23．3％（7／30）（P〈0．01）。合并淋巴结转移和肿瘤分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期者。CTGFmRNA表达水平和蛋白阳性率降低（均P〈0．05）;CTGF蛋白阳性表达率低者浸润深度越深（P〈0．05）。癌组织CTGFmRNA高表达组患者的5年生存率高于低表达组（68.3％比29．3％．P〈0．01）。癌组织CTGFmRNA相对表达水平是患者生存期的独立影响因素（RR=2．960,95％CI：1．49-5．877,P〈0．01）,其预测患者预后的敏感性为64．9％,特异性为74．5％。结论CTGF的异常表达与结直肠癌恶性生物学行为有关,CTGF低表达的结直肠癌患者预后不良。     

结直肠癌代谢紊乱与胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的 探讨结直肠癌患者是否存在胰岛素抵抗及其临床意义.方法 前瞻性收集2007年6月至2010年6月间温州医学院附属第三医院135例结直肠癌患者作为结直肠癌组,选择同期进行查体的120名健康人为对照组,测量身高、体质量、血压,抽空腹血测量血糖、三酰甘油、HDL-C和胰岛素,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（lnHOMA-IR）.结果 结直肠癌组和对照组胰岛素抵抗指数分别为0.84±0.38和0.42±0.08,代谢综合征发生率分别为34.1%（46/135）和22.5%（27/120）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结直肠癌代谢综合征与非代谢综合征患者的胰岛素抵抗指数分别为0.98±0.41和0.74±0.22,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.胰岛素抵抗指数与结直肠癌分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期均无关（P＞0.05）.结论 结直肠癌患者存在胰岛素抵抗,原因可能与代谢综合征及肿瘤本身有关.     

糖尿病与结直肠癌临床病理因素及预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨糖尿病对结直肠癌临床病理因素及预后的影响.方法 采用回顾性研究的方法,将2000年1月至2007年6月收治的共计599例结直肠痛患者分为糖尿病组(DM组)和非糖尿病组(NDM组),比较两组性别、年龄等一般情况及临床病理因素的差异并作Logistic多因素同归分析;并对直接接受根治手术的402例患者进行预后影响凶素的Cox回归分析.结果 本组患者中共58例(9.7%)罹患糖尿病,糖尿病组与非糖尿病组患者在体质量、年龄、是否合并高血压方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组在肿瘤组织学分级、浸润、淋巴转移、TNM分期及脉管癌栓方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).Logistic多因素回归分析显示糖尿病与结直肠癌的病理因素无相关性(P>0.05).直接接受根治手术的患者生存分析显示:术后3年的转移复发Kaplan-meier曲线及生存曲线有、无糖尿病的两组间差异均无统计学意义(P=0.521、0.909);多因素Cox回归分析未提示糖尿病与结直肠癌患者预后相关(P=0.991).结论 在接受了外科手术的结直肠癌患者中,糖尿病与结直肠癌的临床病理因素无相关性;罹患糖尿病并不改变结直肠癌患者的预后,糖尿病在结直肠癌发展与转归的作用尚需进一步研究.     

Relationship between interventricular septum thickness and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the relationship between interventricular septum thickness(IVS) and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods Two hundred and sixty-five patients of type 2 diabetes without dialysis were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. According to their IVS, the patients were divided into normal group (IVS≤11 mm) and higher IVS group (IVS＞11 mm). All patients according to evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level were divided into eGFR≥60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 group and eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 group. The demographic characteristic, biochemical examination, eGFR, and proteinuria of different groups were compared. Pearson or spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between eGFR, IVS and other parameters. eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 and IVS thickening were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Risk factors affect the prognosis of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results Compared with normal group, patients in the higher IVS group had higher systolic pressure (P=0.002), their level of Scr, BUN, 24 h urinary protein were increased (all P＜0.05), while the level of eGFR, albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb) and fasting blood glucose were decreased (all P＜0.05). The prevalence of hypertension was increased (81.16% vs 58.67%, χ2=11.273, P=0.001), and there was also a difference in the proportion of patients in each stage of CKD (χ2=34.593, P＜0.001). Correlation analysis showed that IVS was positively correlated with BMI, systolic BP, Scr, BUN, 24 h urinary albumin, 24 h urinary protein (all P＜0.05), while negative correlation was observed between the thickened degree of IVS and Hb, albumin, eGFR and total calcium (all P＜0.05). It's worth noting that IVS also correlated with history of hypertension and degree of renal injury (all P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic pressure and BUN were independent risk factors for eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 (all P＜0.05), while higher Hb and Alb were independent protective factors for eGFR＜60 ml?min-1?(1.73 m2)-1 (all P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis also showed that the baseline increased Scr was independent risk factor for interventricular thickening (P＜0.05), while the increase of fasting blood-glucose was independent protective factor for interventricular thickening (P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that interventricular thickening was an independent risk factor in predicting the progression of type 2 diabetes (HR=1.396, 95%CI=1.098-1.774, P=0.006). Conclusion Interventricular septum thickness is closely related to the state of renal function, as well as is an independent risk factor to predict kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes.     

趋化因子受体CXCR4在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

目的 观察趋化因子受体CXCR4在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义,探讨基质衍生因子SDF-1(CXCL12)-CXCR4生物学轴在结直肠癌侵袭转移中的作用.方法 免疫组织化学法检测53例结直肠癌组织及27例正常黏膜组织中CXCR4的表达及分布,并分析高表达CXCR4与结直肠癌患者临床病理特征的关系.反转录.聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、Western印迹方法检测27例结直肠癌肿瘤组织、正常黏膜及5例肝转移灶内CXCR4 mRNA表达及CXCR4蛋白表达水平.结果 53例结直肠癌组织中CXCR4表达阳性率为73.6%,高表达率(表达超过50%细胞)为45.3%;有淋巴结转移组CXCR4高表达率(65.4%)明显高于无淋巴结转移组(25.9%)(P＜0.01),并与肿瘤血管淋巴管浸润有关.随着临床分期的增加,肿瘤组织中CXCR4高表达率有升高趋势.但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).CXCR4的表达与患者肿瘤部位、大小、浸润深度无关(P＞0.05).27例新鲜结直肠癌组织中CXCR4 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显高于相应的正常黏膜组织(P＜0.01);5例肝转移灶组织中CXCR4表达显著高于对应的原发灶(P＜0.01).结论 趋化因子受体CXCR4是一类参与结直肠癌病程进展的重要分子.CXCL12-CXCR4信号通路有望成为结直肠癌治疗的新靶点.     

Risk factors for mortality in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the risk factors of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods As a single-center retrospective cohort study, all incident PD patients who were catheterized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between November 1, 2005 and February 28, 2017 were included. Patients were divided into diabetes mellitus group (DM group) and non-diabetes mellitus group (NDM group). Outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess the risk factors of all-cause mortality. Results A total of 977 patients were enrolled. Compared with NDM group, patients in DM group were older (47.5±14.4 vs 59.3±11.3, P＜0.01), had more cardiovascular disease (CVD) (7.5% vs 20.3%, P＜0.01), higher levels of serum hemoglobin (78.2±17.2 vs 82.3±14.6 g/L, P＜0.01) , and lower levels of serum albumin (36.1±5.0 vs 32.7±5.6 g/L, P＜0.01). The one-, three- and five-year patient survival rates of DM and NDM group were 89.7%, 56.0%, 31.9% and 94.7%, 81.3%, 67.4%, respectively.Survival rate was significantly lower in DM group than in NDM group ( χ2=63.51, P＜0.01). Stratified analysis showed that DM group had significant lower survival rate than NDM group in patients younger than 70 years old ( χ2= 73.35, P＜0.01), while survival rate was similar between the two groups patients older than 70 years old ( χ2= 0.003, P=0.96). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that DM (HR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.27-2.38, P＜0.01), age (HR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.06, P＜0.01), leukocyte (HR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.00-1.12, P=0.04) and triglyceride (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.32, P＜0.01) were all independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of PD patients. However, age (HR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.04-1.07, P＜0.01) and alkaline phosphatase (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.02) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality of diabetic patients. Conclusions Long-term survival rate was lower in diabetic PD patients than in non-diabetic PD patients. DM, age, leukocyte and triglyceride were independent risk factors of mortality in PD patients. Age and alkaline phosphatase were independent risk factors of mortality in diabetic patients.     

Serum uric acid level is positively related to albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To investigate association between serum uric acid (SUA), albuminuria and glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 220 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. According to urinary albumin excretion rates, patients were divided into 3 groups: normoalbuminuria (NAU) group, microalbuminuria (MAU) group, and macroalbumnuria group (MAAU). The first two groups were subdivided at SUA＞420 μmol/L (＞357 μmol/L, female) into normouricemia group and hyperuricemia group, at eGFR＞90 ml/min into high and low renal function groups. General information, blood biochemical results were collected to analyze the association between serum uric acid, eGFR, UAER and urine albumin quantification among different groups. Results The difference of SBP, duration of diabetes (DD), Scr, SUA and eGFR between every two groups were significant (P＜0.05). SBP, DD, Scr and SUA were highest in subjects with macroalbumnuria, second in microalbuminuria group, and lowest in normoalbuminuria group, while eGFR was lowest in macroalbumnuria group and highest in normoalbuminuria group. Prevalence of hyperuricemia in macroalbumnuria group (56.9%) and microalbuminuria group (51.2%) were also significantly higher than that in normoalbuminuria group (17.5%) (all P＜0.01). The difference of UAER in the subgroups of normouricemia and hyperuricemia was more significant in microalbuminuria group than in normoalbuminuria group. eGFR was significantly lower in hyperuricemia subgroups (P＜0.01). Age and SUA were significantlg higher in subjects with low renal function compared with high eGFR (P＜0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated SUA was negatively correlated with eGFR after adjusted age, DD and UAER (β＝-0.430, P＜0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis found that increased age, DD and SUA were risk factors of microalbuminuria [β＝1.092, 95％CI(1.025, 1.163), P＜0.01; β＝1.005, 95%CI(1.001, 1.009), P＜0.05; β＝1.407, 95％CI(1.052, 1.881), P＜0.05)] andSUA, age were risk factors of early renal function decline [β＝1.015, 95％CI(1.00, 1.023), P＜0.01; β＝1.098, 95％CI(1.006, 1.199), P＜0.05]. Conclusion SUA is independently associated with albumnuria and renal function decline in type 2 DM patients.     

Microvascular complications in South African patients with long-duration diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of microvascular complications in South African black and Indian patients with long-duration diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of clinical records of 219 DM patients (132 black, 87 Indian) with long-duration DM (over 10 years) attending a diabetes clinic in Durban. Data recorded on each subject included demographic details (age, gender, ethnic group, type of diabetes, age of onset and duration of diabetes), presence of retinopathy, markers of nephropathy and biochemical variables. The prevalence of complications and the clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and for each ethnic group. RESULTS: Of the 219 patients, 47 had type 1 DM (36 blacks, 11 Indians) and 172 were classified as type 2 DM (96 blacks, 76 Indians). The mean age of onset of DM was later in blacks than Indians, both for type 1 (P < 0.05) and type 2 DM (P < 0.01). In patients with type 1 DM, the prevalence of retinopathy was 53.2% (blacks 55.6%, Indians 45.5%), persistent proteinuria was found in 23.4% (blacks 25%, Indians 18.2%) and hypertension in 34%. No ethnic difference was found except for the prevalence of hypertension which was higher in blacks than Indians (41.7% v. 9.1%, P < 0.5). Onset of retinopathy from time of diabetes diagnosis occurred earlier in blacks than Indians (13.0 +/- 4.6 yrs v. 18.0 +/- 4.6 yrs, P < 0.05). For the type 2 DM group, retinopathy was found in 64.5% (black v. Indian 68.8 v. 59.2%) and persistent proteinuria in 25% (black v. Indian 30.2 v. 18.4%). Hypertension was observed in 68% and was more prevalent in blacks (84.4 v. 47.4%, P < 0.01) There was an earlier onset of retinopathy (P < 0.05) and hypertension (P < 0.01) from time of diabetes diagnosis in blacks than Indians. In the type 1 DM group retinopathy was associated with a significantly longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.05) and higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) (P < 0.05). For type 2 DM subjects there was a significant association between retinopathy and longer duration of diabetes (P < 0.05) and higher systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study has shown that there is a high prevalence of microvascular complications in South African patients with long-duration diabetes mellitus.     

水通道蛋白1和3在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨水通道蛋白1（AQP-1）和AQP-3与结直肠癌发生发展的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学染色SP法检测25例结直肠腺瘤、50例结直肠癌及相应癌旁组织中AQP-1和AQP-3的表达.结果 结直肠癌组织中AQP-1的阳性表达率为64%（32/50）,明显高于癌旁组织（38%,19/50）和腺瘤组织（32%,8/25）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;AQP-1表达与肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关（P＜0.05）.AQP-3在结直肠癌、腺瘤及癌旁组织中的阳性表达率分别为52%（26/50）、44%（11/25）和56%（28/50）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;AQP-3表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及浸润深度有关（P＜0.05）.结直肠癌中AQP-1与AQP-3表达无显著相关性（P＞0.05）.结论 结直肠癌中高表达AQP-1,但AQP-3表达却未见增高;AQP-1和AQP-3表达无相关性.     

Peyronie＇s disease： a silent consequence of diabetes mellitus

Aim： To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with Peyronie＇s disease （PD） and diabetes mellitus （DM）. Methods： During an 8-year period, a total of 307 men seen at our outpatient clinic were diagnosed with PD. Clinical characteristics, penile deformities and the erectile status of patients with PD and DM together （n = 102） were retrospectively analyzed and compared to patients with PD alone with no risk factors for systemic vascular diseases （n = 97）. Results：The prevalence of PD among men with DM and sexual dysfunction was 10.7 %. The mean age of diabetic patients with PD was （55.9 ± 8.9） years; in the no risk factor group it was （48.5 ± 9.0） years （P 〈 0.05）. The median duration of DM was 5 years. The majority of diabetic patients with PD （56.0 %） presented in the chronic phase （P 〈 0.05）, and they were more likely to have a severe penile deformity （〉 60°） than the no risk factor group （P 〈 0.05）. In the diabetic group, the most common presenting symptom was penile curvature （81.4%）, followed by a palpable nodule on the shaft of the penis （22.5%） and penile pain with erection （14.7%）. A total of 19.6% of patients were not aware of their penile deformities in the diabetic group. Erectile function, provided by history and in response to intracavernosal injection and a stimulation test, was significantly diminished in patients with PD and DM （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： DM probably exaggerates the fibrotic process in PD. Diabetic patients with PD have a higher risk of severe deformity and erectile dysfunction （ED）. PD seems to be a silent consequence of DM and should be actively sought in diabetic men. （Asian JAndrol 2006 Jan; 8： 75-79）     

Pancreatic cancer and diabetes: is there a relationship? A case-controlled study

BACKGROUND: There is controversy about whether diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer or an epiphenomenon of the cancer. The present study aims to determine if long-term diabetes is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The study undertook to determine the prevalence of diabetes among three matched (age/gender) patient groups (pancreatic cancer (PaC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and fracture neck of femur (NOF)) at the date of diagnosis of cancer or fracture as well as 1 and 5 years prior to this. A retrospective review of the medical records of the three groups of patients was undertaken. Patients identified with PaC in the period July 1994 to February 1998 were age (+/- 5 years)- and gender-matched to patients identified in the same time period with NOF and with CRC. The data were then analysed using McNemar's test for discordant pairs. RESULTS: Over a 44-month period 116 patients with PaC were identified of which 24% had diabetes at the time of diagnosis of their malignancy (NOF, 8%; CRC, 9.5%). There was a statistically significant difference (PaC and NOF, P < 0.01; PaC and CRC, P < 0.01). For a duration of diabetes of > 5 years the prevalence of diabetes fell to 7.8% in the PaC group, to 6% in the NOF group and to 6.9% in the CRC group, with no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: There is no increase in the prevalence of long-standing diabetes mellitus in patients with PaC compared to age- and gender-matched controls with NOF and CRC. The relationship of PaC and diabetes may be an epiphenomenon, rather than diabetes being a risk factor for pancreatic malignancy.