开放手术对输尿管结石治疗作用的评价（附425例报告）

为评价开放手术对输尿管结石的治疗作用，对４２５例（４４３侧）输尿管结石患者选择了开放手术治疗，结果疗效满意，成功率为９８．６％，认为开放手术操作简便，疗效确切，在处理复杂性输尿管结石时仍具有重要作用，有下列情况者大多需要作开放手术治疗；（１）并发输尿管其他梗阻因素的结石；（２）并发严重感染，巨大积液或患者肾功能严重受损的结石。（３）已出现肾后性肾功能不全的双侧结石或孤立肾输尿管结石，（４）体外冲击     

二次胆道手术对肝胆管结石的治疗效果分析

目的探讨二次胆道手术在肝胆管结石治疗中的使用价值。方法将我院普外科2010～2012年接收的需要进行二次治疗的80例肝胆管结石患者随机分为观察组（二次胆道手术）与参考组（药物治疗）,各40例,对两组患者临床治疗效果、术后2年复发现象进行观察。结果两组患者治疗总有效率分别为87.5%、57.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组2年内复发率显著低于参考组（P〈0.05）。结论需要接受二次治疗的肝胆管结石患者通过二次胆道手术治疗效果显著,复发率低。     

暴发性胰腺炎手术指征及手术时机的探讨

目的：探讨暴发性胰腺炎（FAP）的手术指征及最佳手术时机。 方法：回顾性分析2004年8月—2012年8月收治32例接受手术治疗的FAP患者临床资料。 结果：32例FAP患者在不同情况下接受手术治疗,其中13例在最大限度ICU治疗10~14 d后,多器官功能障碍持续存在无好转;8例在最大限度ICU治疗3~5 d后多器官功能无好转,且迅速恶化;11例腹室高压经过一系列非手术治疗后仍持续维持在30 cmH2O（1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa）以上。全组治愈率为78.1%（25/32）,病死率为21.9%（7/32）。19例获随访4~50个月,其中5例患者术后出现胰腺假性囊肿,二次手术治疗治愈。 结论：在进行最大限度ICU治疗后多器官功能仍无好转或进一步恶化,或腹室高压经非手术治疗后仍持续不降的FAP患者,应采取积极手术干预。     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤早期手术的临床疗效

目的探讨无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤早期手术（≤72h）的临床疗效。方法2006年1月～2007年12月共手术治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者32例,其中早期手术治疗（≤72h）17例,晚期手术治疗（〉72h）15例,比较2组手术治疗前后及随访时JOA评分变化。结果2组术后的JOA评分较术前均有明显提高（P〈0.05）。但是早期手术治疗的临床疗效明显优于晚期手术治疗（P〈0.05）。结论对于无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的患者,早期手术治疗的临床疗效明显优于晚期手术治疗,应当积极争取早期手术治疗（≤72h）。     

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂联合手术治疗转移性胃肠间质瘤

目的 探讨酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）甲磺酸伊马替尼或舒尼替尼联合手术治疗晚期转移性胃肠间质瘤（GIST）的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析中山大学附属第一医院2007年6月至2009年12月接受TKI治疗后进行手术治疗的转移性GIST患者临床病理资料.结果 共计15例转移性GIST患者在TKI治疗后接受肿瘤切除手术.术前TKI治疗反应分别为疾病控制6例（40.0%）,局限性进展4例（26.7%）,全面性进展5例（33.3%）.手术相关并发症发生率20.0%.全组患者中位无进展生存期18.7个月.其中疾病控制和局限性进展组患者术后无进展中位生存期25.0个月,全面性进展组则仅为3.0个月（P＜0.01）;疾病控制和局限性进展组患者至今仍全部存活,而全面性进展组患者中位总生存期为10.5个月（P＜0.01）.结论 靶向治疗后,疾病控制或局限性进展的晚期转移性GIST患者行手术治疗安全有效,而全面性进展患者手术治疗不能改善其预后,应谨慎选择.     

颞叶癫痫的外科治疗

癫痫是神经科常见的临床综合征。中国约有癫痫患者600多万,其中25％左右的患者经合理用药仍不能终止其发作,为难治性癫痫或称耐药性癫痫。颞叶癫痫（temporal lobe epilepsy,TLE）是一种难治性部分癫痫,虽然不断有新型抗癫痫药物出现,但是研究表明它们对颞叶内侧癫痫的完全缓解效果不佳,因此该病常常需要手术治疗。     

胃肠间质瘤肝转移的治疗选择

肝脏是胃肠间质瘤（GIST）最常见的转移部位,即使行肝切除后,仍有较高的复发率。虽然酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）的出现使得许多GIST肝转移患者有了手术切除的可能并显著提高了生存率,但仍无法完全替代手术治疗。因此,GIST肝转移的患者如何才能获得最佳的治疗．值得进行深入的研究和探讨。     

先天性胆管扩张症诊治中值得关注的问题

先天性胆管扩张症（congenital biliary dilatation,CBD）常并发结石、胆管炎,具有较高的癌变率,因此需要特别关注。目前,对CBD的病因仍未明确,涉及到胆胰结合部畸形、感染、神经、基因及遗传等因素。CBD的临床分型在Todani分型的基础上仍有不断的变更和补充。治疗的关键是完全切除囊肿,尤其是Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型的囊肿,但对ⅣA型的治疗仍有不同意见。在手术治疗中,有时仍会遇到各种各样需要解决的困难。     

慢性中耳炎80例手术治疗分析

目的：探讨鼓室成形术治疗慢性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法对2011年1月～2013年10月在我院接受鼓室成形术治疗的80例慢性中耳炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并比较患者手术前后听力改善情况。结果80例患者术后气导听阈为（38.7±5.4）dB,气骨导差为（21.2±5.8）dB,与治疗前比较均明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;80例患者手术治疗后,治愈34例,有效38例,总有效率为90.0%。结论慢性中耳炎患者实施鼓室成形术治疗可以显著缓解患者的临床症状,改善患者的听力,提高患者的生活质量,临床疗效显著,是临床治疗慢性中耳炎的有效手术方法,值得在临床工作中推广。     

电视胸腔镜和胸腔镜辅助下小切口手术治疗食管平滑肌瘤的临床分析

目的 对比研究电视胸腔镜辅助下小切口和电视胸腔镜手术治疗食管平滑肌瘤的临床疗效,为临床治疗方案作出指导.方法 选取接受食管平滑肌瘤治疗的128例患者为研究对象.根据手术方式将患者分为两组,试验组为电视胸腔镜辅助下小切口（VAMTS）治疗组,对照组为电视胸腔镜（VATS）手术治疗组.对两组患者手术情况进行比较.结果 两组患者在术中出血量、术后引流量比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,在手术时间、术后住院时间、术后禁食时间和总费用方面,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 电视胸腔镜辅助下小切口和电视胸腔镜手术治疗食管平滑肌瘤的临床疗效都具有创口小、并发症少的特点,但是胸腔镜辅助下小切口组的手术时间明显长于胸腔镜组.两种方法 临床疗效均好,临床应根据患者自身情况进行选择.     

An alternative conversion technique for salvaging a failed ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis to a modified H-pouch

Ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis is a commonly accepted surgical treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis. However, making a J-pouch anal anastomosis can be difficult due to anatomical variations of patients. We experienced an informative case of ulcerative colitis in which the ileal pouch was damaged when it was pulled down into the anal canal because of a fatty short mesentery. To preserve intestinal consistency and functioning fecal continence, a modified H-pouch was converted from a damaged J-pouch and anastomosed to the dentate line. This operation achieved a satisfactory functional result and, we believe, presents an option for reconstructing ileal J-pouch-anal anastomosis.     

Adenocarcinoma following restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a case report and review of the literature

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has been accepted as the surgical treatment of choice for most patients with ulcerative colitis. The occurrence of adenocarcinoma arising near or into the ileal pouch is rare. Only 19 such cases have been reported so far. The authors report a case of a 67-year old male who developed an adenocarcinoma in the small rectal stump 12 years after a restorative proctocolectomy with double stapled ileal pouch-low rectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis unresponsive to medical treatment. They, after a literature review, examine same steps of the procedure and emphasize the importance of regular and prolonged follow-up for all patients having restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.     

溃疡性结直肠炎的外科治疗

目的介绍一种全大肠切除回肠与肛管一期吻合治疗溃疡性结直肠炎的方法。方法本术要求在直肠游离达肛提肌水平后继续推进于直肠内外括约肌之间,使直肠从肛管内翻拖出后,皮肤、齿状线及直肠粘膜成同一平面,其间无间沟及反折。在齿缘水平回肠与肛管于肛外行一期吻合。结果本组16例。主要表现为严重便血、腹泻贫血及营养不良。均经过长期的内科治疗。癌变的两例病史分别为7年、17年。术后一个月内每周排便6～12次,3个月后正常。16例中随访6个月～5年,均获治愈。结论因其结直肠切除彻底故而无复发,回肠肛管血运极其丰富,吻合易于成功。     

Female fecundity before and after operation for familial adenomatous polyposis

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the fertility of women suffering from familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fecundity of women with FAP before and after operation, and to compare the findings with those of a general population database and women with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A questionnaire concerning reproductive experiences and waiting times to pregnancy was sent to all 230 women on the polyposis registers in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway in whom primary surgery had consisted of ileorectal anastomosis or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Data on the general population and women with ulcerative colitis came from an existing database. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier plots were used for analysis. RESULTS: The fecundity of women with FAP before operation and after colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was similar to that of the general population. However, fecundity dropped to 54 per cent (P = 0.015) following proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, although it was greater than the postoperative fecundity of women with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION: The significant reduction in female fecundity after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis should be communicated to young women with FAP before it is decided which surgical option to follow.     

Colite aiguë grave: traitement chirurgical

Severe acute colitis is both a medical and surgical challenge. Surgery is required before intensive medical treatment in case of complications i.e. colonic perforation, massive haemorrhage, toxic syndrome, colectasia and in case of failure of medical therapy. Subtotal colectomy with ileostomy and sigmoidostomy remains the operation of choice and can be performed by laparoscopy with low postoperative morbidity. Results are satisfactory in the absence of complicated severe acute colitis. After subtotal colectomy, digestive continuity is usually performed by ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis and by ileorectal anastomosis for Crohn’s disease.     

Surgical treatment of ulcerative rectocolitis: technical aspects of total restorative proctocolitis with S pouch

Restorative proctocolectomy with an ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis seems to be the treatment of choice for ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study was to discuss a number of technical and functional aspects of the procedure that still appear to be controversial such as the shape of the pouch, the mucosectomy and the type of anastomosis. The authors report on their experience with the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis with an "S" pouch. The technique reported, however, differs from the original method proposed by Parks and Nicholls in 1978 and the reasons for this surgical choice are discussed. A six-year experience (1993-1999) regarding 35 patients undergoing this approach is reported. No perioperative deaths were observed. The early and long-term complication rates were 8.5% and 11.4%, respectively. The average number of daily evacuations was 4. Mucosectomy affords complete resolution of the disease, while the particular shape of the pouch guarantees good functional results.     

腹腔镜手术治疗溃疡性结直肠炎

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗溃疡性结直肠炎的可行性和安全性。方法对腹腔镜手术治疗溃疡性结直肠炎5例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果5例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,其中4例行全结-直肠切除,回肠储袋-肛管吻合术(total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis,IPAA),1例行结肠次全-全直肠切除,盲肠-肛管吻合术。中位手术时间7.5(6.5～9)h,中位出血量250(150～400)mL,中位术后进半流食时间62(60～86)h,中位术后住院时间12(10～14)d。术后发生盆腔感染1例,粘连性肠梗阻1例。随访中位时间22(10～34)个月,大便平均每天6.5(4～10)次。日常生活自理,工作正常,无复发。结论腹腔镜下溃疡性结直肠炎手术,创伤小,恢复快,安全可靠,但尚需进一步积累临床资料。     

Surgical policy in nonspecific ulcerative colitis

Results of surgical treatment of 101 patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis are analyzed. In 73 (72.3%) patients variants of abdomino-anal coloproctectomy were performed, 22 of them underwent total coloproctectomy with terminal ileo- or colostoma creation. In 21 (20.8%) patients who had no inflammatory-ulcerative process in the rectum resection of the affected part of the colon with ileo--or colorectal anastomosis was performed, in 8 cases suturing device AKA-2 was used. In 7 (6.9%) patients who had undergone total coloproctectomy S-type intestinal reservoir and reservoir-anal anastomosis were created. Rate of postoperative complications was 16.8%, lethality--3.0%. 6 months after creation of reservoir-anal anastomosis nearly complete recovery of anal sphincter function was seen that permits to regard this surgery as a method of choice in the treatment of patients with total ulcerative colitis.     

Complications and risk factors after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

OBJECTIVE: This study determined predictive factors for postoperative complications and outcome after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis treated by colectomy and ileostomy are at high risk of troublesome bleeding from peristomal varices. METHODS: Postoperative complications and outcome were assessed in 40 patients with ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis who received an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis between January 1981 and February 1990. RESULTS: Immediate postoperative and remote ileoanal anastomosis-related complications were high but related directly to the severity of liver disease. No patient had perianastomotic anal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with both ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is safe and is not associated with perianastomotic bleeding.     

Anal sphincter-saving operations for chronic ulcerative colitis.

Three anal sphincter-saving operations--ileorectostomy, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and ileal pouch-distal rectal anastomosis--are currently being used in the surgical treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis. All three operations remove the disease, or most of it, and yet they maintain transanal defecation, reasonable fecal continence, and a satisfactory quality of life. All three avoid permanent abdominal ileostomy. Ileorectostomy is the easiest to perform, but it leaves residual disease in the remaining rectum and proximal anal canal that may cause symptoms and that may predispose the patient to cancer. In contrast, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, although a more technically demanding procedure, totally eradicates the colitis. Its main drawbacks--frequent stooling, nocturnal fecal spotting, and pouchitis--are usually satisfactorily treated with loperamide hydrochloride and metronidazole. Ileal pouch-distal rectal anastomosis is somewhat easier to perform than ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and may result in less nocturnal fecal spotting. Like ileorectostomy, however, the operation leaves residual disease in the distal rectum and proximal anal canal. Considering all of these factors, the ileal pouch-anal operation is preferred today for most patients who require surgery for chronic ulcerative colitis.