家庭因素对小学生营养知识、态度、行为的影响

目的了解小学生营养知识、态度、行为(KAP)现状及家庭因素的影响,为开展营养健康教育提供参考。方法采用KAP问卷对小学生及其家长营养知识、态度、行为进行调查,并对影响小学生营养KAP的家庭因素进行多元线性回归分析。结果大多数小学生缺乏营养知识,存有很多不利健康的摄食行为。多因素分析显示,与小学生摄食行为水平呈正相关的因素,依次为母亲文化程度、学生营养知识、父亲文化程度、家庭收入和家长营养知识水平;仅家长营养知识水平对学生自身营养知识水平有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小学生及其家长KAP总体水平不高,应采取多种方式进行营养知识教育,同时加强他们营养知识到态度及行为的转变,通过发挥母亲在家庭中的作用,可以使营养教育收到更好的效果。     

宁波市社区老年居民营养健康知识和行为调查

目的了解宁波市老年居民的营养健康知识、态度、行为现状即KAP水平及其影响因素,为在社区针对性地开展营养科普宣教提供科学依据。方法整群抽样问卷调查方式,选取东裕社区500名60岁及以上的老人进行入户访谈式调查。结果调查对象K、A、P得分的合格率分别为38.2%、85.8%、23.8%。主要缺乏对中国居民膳食指南、营养素的主要食物来源、营养相关疾病等知识方面的了解;饮食习惯、食物选择、三餐能量安排等饮食行为存在不合理。营养知识的主要影响因素是文化程度、职业、常住户口;营养态度的主要影响因素是文化程度、职业、年龄、营养知识水平;营养行为的主要影响因素是营养知识水平、态度、年龄、文化程度。老年居民营养信息获取途径主要是电视广播、社区宣传窗、报刊杂志。结论宁波市某社区老年居民的营养健康知识水平普通较低,饮食行为存在诸多不合理,但营养态度较好。应加强对社区老年居民的营养健康知识的宣教和健康饮食行为的指导。     

成都市社区居民营养知识态度行为的调查

目的：了解目前成都市社区居民的营养知识、态度、行为(KAP)水平及其影响因素，为在社区居民中开展营养教育提供依据。方法：按整群抽样法，选取成都市玉林社区15岁以上常住居民980名进行入户访谈式问卷调查。结果：调查对象营养K分、A分、P分的优秀率分别为25．4％、57．6％、12．8％，主要缺乏对中国居民膳食指南、疾病相关营养知识等方面的了解；食物选择、3餐安排及早餐食物搭配等饮食行为不合理。营养知识的主要影响因素是文化程度、职业；营养态度的主要影响因素是营养知识水平、职业、文化程度、性别；营养行为的主要影响因素是营养知识水平、年龄、营养态度及性别。调查对象营养信息实际和期望来源均主要是广播电视、报刊杂志及专业书籍。结论：成都市社区居民的营养知识水平普遍较低，营养行为存在诸多不合理，但营养态度尚可。应加强对社区居民的营养知识宣传和饮食行为指导。     

海门 市城镇居民营养知识、态度和饮食行为调查

目的了解海门市城镇居民营养知识、态度和饮食行为现状及其影响因素,为在海门市开展营养宣教提供依据。方法采取随机抽样的方法,抽取500名海门市城镇居民,采用自主填写问卷方式进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析。结果调查对象的营养知识水平较低,缺乏对中国居民膳食指南、慢性病相关知识的了解,但控油与健康相关知识知晓率相对较高,营养态度较好,早餐、三餐安排比较规律,与慢性病相关的控盐、控油等行为不合理,获取营养知识的主要途径是电视和周围人群。结论本市城镇居民的营养知识水平较低,与慢性病相关的饮食行为不合理,营养态度较积极,应加强对城镇居民的营养宣教和饮食行为指导。     

万县市城区居民营养知识,态度和行为现况调查

本文应用社会研究方法,对万县市800名18～60岁城区居民的营养知识、态度和行为进行了调查,发现居民营养知识、态度、和行为之间存在相关关系,知识和态度随受教育年限增加而水平提高,营养行为在性别上存在着差异,居民对中国膳食指南的了解和遵从较差,通过对指南的宣传和教育可以改变。并讨论分析了影响居民营养知识、态度和行为的主要因素,提出了相应的营养健康教育对策。     

苏州市高级知识分子营养知识态度行为调查

[目的]了解高级知识分子的营养知识-态度-行为(KAP)水平及其影响因素,为今后开展相应的营养宣教工作提供依据.[方法]选取在苏州工作的高级知识分子240名,采用白填问卷方式进行调查.[结果]调查对象营养K分、A分、P分的及格率分别为为80.9%、90.95%和64.71%,优秀率分别为28.51%、79.64%和12.67%:主要缺乏营养素的优质食物来源、食物能量来源、粗粮对身体益处、日饮水量、三餐比例、超重/肥胖饮食因素等相关知识的了解;营养态度较好,但食物选择、各类食物摄入量和比例等饮食行为不合理.营养知识和营养态度的主要影响因素为从事专业,营养行为的主要影响因素是营养知识水平、营养态度和家庭人均收入水平.调查对象营养信息实际和期望来源主要是报刊杂志、电视、网络和专业书籍.[结论]苏州市高级知识分子营养知识认知水平较低,营养态度较好,但营养行为存在许多不合理之处,应加强高级知识分子营养宣教和饮食指导.     

苏州新区托幼人员儿童营养知识、态度、行为调查

托幼人员的儿童营养知识，态度、行为在实行科学育儿、保证儿童健康发育中有着重要意义，为了解苏州新区托细构工作人员的儿童营养知识水平，对儿童营养的态度和行为及其影响因素，以便今后更好地开展营养教育与临床营养工作，养活儿童营养相关疾病的发生，我们于2000年5月对苏州新区5所幼儿园的51名托幼人员进行了调查。     

204例孕妇营养知识水平、态度与行为调查

目的:了解深圳市孕妇营养知识、饮食行为及其影响因素,为开展孕妇营养教育工作提供依据。方法:采用随机抽样方法对204例孕妇进行营养知识、态度、行为问卷调查。结果:孕妇营养KAP水平较差,总合格率为75.5%;30.4%的孕妇营养知识不足,营养态度不端正占26.5%。营养行为三者普遍较好,合格率达83.3%;孕妇的营养知识、态度、行为三者呈明显正相关关系;孕妇获得营养信息的来源主要是网络(88.6%)和专业书籍(69.3%)、报刊杂志和电视广播各占50.0%。教育程度和孕周、年龄、户籍、职业对孕妇营养KAP水平有影响(P<0.000 1)。结论:加强医院孕期营养教育,对孕妇开展有针对性的个体化营养教育和干预,提高医务人员的营养知识技能水平,同时应全面提高孕产妇健康素质。     

惠农区孕妇营养知识、态度及健康行为调查与影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的了解石嘴山市惠农区孕早期妇女营养知识、态度、健康行为及其影响因素,为开展孕妇营养教育工作提供依据。方法采用整群抽样法,在2014年2~5月对惠农区妇幼保健院和6家乡镇卫生院进行产前检查的孕早期妇女的营养知识、态度及行为进行调查,采用多元逐步回归模型进行影响因素分析。结果孕妇营养知-信-行水平较差,营养知识总知晓率为57.4%,营养态度的正确率为53.6%,健康行为形成率为57.0%;多元逐步回归分析结果显示,影响孕妇营养知-信-行水平的主要因素有文化程度、离最近医疗机构距离、居住地、职业和年龄。结论惠农区孕早期妇女的营养知识和健康行为存在诸多问题,应采取多种形式对孕妇进行营养知识宣教和健康行为引导。     

医学生营养状况及影响因素分析

大学生正处于长身体、长知识的阶段,医学生的营养知识、态度和行为不仅直接影响到他们自身的健康,也对其周围的人群产生影响。因此,提高医学生的营养知识水平、端正其营养态度,对培养良好的饮食行为有重要意义。为了解医学生的营养知识、态度及饮食行为现状及其影响因素,为今后的营养健康教育提供参考依据,2006~2007年,对河南省郑州市2所医学院校不同年级医学生进行了营养知识、态度及行为(KAP)调查。     

营养环境与人群营养素摄入水平的相关性

完善了营养环境的概念及指标，提出可以用线性规划建立的数学模型计算营养环境的指标，即由该模型得出的营养素的理论达标率和营养素的边际成本。用天津１９８９年的营养素的理论达标率和１９８８年天津人群的营养素实际达标率进行线性回归分析，得出回归方程：实际达标率（％）Ｙ＝１５．１５（％）＋０．７８８Ｘ（Ｘ为理论达标率，％），其相关性显著（Ｒ＝０．９８６，Ｐ＜０．００１）；还发现天津营养环境中脂肪、动物性蛋白质的边际成本大于零。讨论了上述方程的意义，营养环境与营养干预的关系。认为，改善食物的营养素含量、降低价格、增加营养素含量丰富的食物品种的营养干预措施，效果较好。     

The enteral vs parenteral nutrition debate revisited

Many trials and several meta-analyses have been devoted to comparing enteral with parenteral nutrition support. In this review, these studies are subjected to critical analysis with particular emphasis on their methodology and clinical relevance. Evidence is produced to suggest that the heterogeneous patient populations of the studies and the rigid approach taken to comparing different nutrition therapies inter alia render their conclusions highly questionable and of very doubtful clinical significance. An alternative approach to nutrition research is suggested in which strategies of nutrition support rather than fixed menus are compared. It is suggested that objective measures of intestinal function be evaluated more fully in patients requiring nonvolitional nutrition support, and these are briefly reviewed. In addition, a more scientific approach to evaluating the physiological effects of nutrition support, including chemical tagging and evaluation of muscle function, is recommended.     

Ceramide in Lipid Emulsions Used in Parenteral Nutrition

Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease is a prevalent and severe complication of long term parenteral nutrition. We present here for the first time data on the presence of ceramide, a bioactive compound involved in a variety of metabolic processes, in different lipid emulsions used in parenteral nutrition. Further research is needed to determine whether this potential harmful bioactive compound is involved in parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease.     

Nutrition knowledge and attitudes of New Zealand registered midwives

Aim: The importance of nutrition for a healthy pregnancy is well established. In New Zealand, the majority of women choose midwives as their maternity provider. Therefore, it is important that midwives have an understanding of nutrition issues related to pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the nutrition knowledge of New Zealand midwives, and to assess the importance they place on nutrition during pregnancy. Methods: An 18‐question postal survey was sent to all members of the New Zealand College of Midwives (n = 1340). Results: A total of 370 questionnaires were returned (response rate of 27.6%). Less than 40% of midwives reported that they had formal nutrition education; however, nearly 75% of respondents indicated that they had received nutrition information through their midwifery education. Most midwives indicated that nutrition was important or very important during pregnancy (98.4%), and that they had a significant or very significant role in educating pregnant women (94.9%) about nutrition. Midwives generally reported a high level of confidence in dealing with nutrition‐related issues. Midwives answered most of the nutrition knowledge questions correctly. However, 64.6% of midwives (n = 369) incorrectly identified spirulina as a good source of iron for vegetarians, 28.1% (n = 104) incorrectly answered that maternal intake of cabbage and beans are often responsible for colic in breastfed infants, and 40.0% (n = 128) incorrectly answered that to reduce food allergies all lactating women should avoid peanuts and shellfish. Conclusion: Overall, midwives were knowledgeable on nutrition issues related to pregnancy and reported a high level of confidence on educating women about nutrition.     

Practice Analysis of Nutrition Support Professionals

Background: The National Board of Nutrition Support Certification (NBNSC) is an independent credentialing board responsible for administering the multidisciplinary certification examination in nutrition support. For an exam to be legally and practically defensible, it must represent practice. Validation is by practice audit, the highest level of supporting evidence. Objectives: To define the role of the nutrition support professional (NSP) and the current elements (knowledge and functions) required for competent NSP practice. Methods: A survey instrument was constructed using a content validation strategy to establish the link between job tasks and the content of the examination. Internet‐based surveys were made available to 5100 NSPs. NSP duties performed and knowledge required for patient safety and welfare were analyzed for the group as a whole and for each profession separately. Results: A total of 765 surveys were completed (return rate of 15%). The results of the practice audit demonstrate a common core of practice across the nutrition support disciplines as well as a universal core of elements believed to be important for competent nutrition support practice. Conclusion: The results of this survey continue to support a common core of practice across nutrition support disciplines as well as a common core of elements believed to be important for competent nutrition support practice. Accordingly, the NBNSC will continue to offer one examination to all disciplines both nationally and internationally and confer the Certified Nutrition Support Clinician (CNSC) credential to all individuals who successfully pass this validated examination.     

Future Doctors' Perceptions about Incorporating Nutrition into Standard Care Practice

Objective: The increasing prevalence of chronic disease has been largely attributed to long-term poor nutrition and lifestyle choices. This study investigates the attitudes of our future physicians toward nutrition and the likelihood of incorporating nutrition principles into current treatment protocols.Methods: Setting: The setting of this study was an Australian university medical school. Subjects: Subjects including year 1–4 students (n = 928) in a 4-year medical bachelor, bachelor of surgery (MBBS) degree program. Students were invited to participate in a questionnaire based on an existing instrument, the Nutrition in Patient Care Attitude (NIPC) Questionnaire, to investigate their attitudes toward nutrition in health care practices.Results: Respondents indicated that “high risk patients should be routinely counseled on nutrition” (87%), “nutrition counseling should be routine practice” (70%), and “routine nutritional assessment and counseling should occur in general practice” (57%). However, despite overall student support of nutritional counseling (70%) and assessment (86%), students were reluctant to perform actual dietary assessments, with only 38% indicating that asking for a food diary or other measure of dietary intake was important.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that future physicians are aware of the importance of considering nutrition counseling and assessment. However, students are unlikely to adequately integrate relevant nutritional information into their treatment protocols, evidenced by their limited use of a basic nutritional assessment. This is potentially the result of a lack of formal nutrition education within their basic training.     

Transition Phase Nutrition Recommendations: A Missing Link in the Nutrition Management of Preterm Infants

Background: Despite the availability of international nutrition recommendations, preterm infants remain vulnerable to suboptimal nutrition. The standard approach of assessing nutrient intakes chronologically may make it difficult to identify the origin of nutrient deficits and/or excesses. Objective: To develop a “nutrition phase” approach to evaluating nutrition support, enabling analysis of nutrient intakes during the period of weaning from parenteral nutrition (PN) to enteral nutrition (EN), called the transition (TN) phase, and compare the data with those analyzed using the standard “chronological age” approach to assess whether the identification of nutrient deficits and/or excesses can be improved. Methods: Analysis of a comprehensive nutrition database developed using actual nutrient intake data collected on an hourly basis in 59 preterm infants (birth weight ≤1500 g, gestation <34 weeks) over the period of PN delivery (range, 2–21 days). Results: The nutrition phase analysis approach revealed substantial macronutrient and energy deficits during the TN phase. In particular, deficits were identified as maximal during the EN‐dominant TN phase (enteral feeds ≥80 mL/kg/d) of the infant’s nutrition course. In contrast, the chronological age analysis approach did not reveal a corresponding pattern of deficit occurrence but rather intakes that approximated or exceeded recommendations. Conclusion: Actual intakes of nutrients, analyzed using a nutrition phase approach to evaluating nutrition support, enabled a more infant‐driven rather than age‐driven application of nutrition recommendations. This approach unmasked nutrient deficits occurring during the transition phase. Overcoming nutrient deficits in this nutrition phase should be prioritized to improve the nutrition management of preterm infants.