LeFortⅠ型截骨术治疗陈旧性面中部骨折的临床研究

目的回顾性探讨面中部陈旧性骨折的手术治疗方法.方法统计我科2001年5月～2004年11月收治的43例面中部骨折的病例资料,对其中16例陈旧性面中部骨折用LeFort Ⅰ型截骨术治疗手术效果进行分析.结果 LeFort Ⅰ型截骨术治疗陈旧性面中部骨折均获得良好疗效,患者口腔咬合和面型恢复满意,无严重手术并发症.结论 LeFort Ⅰ型截骨术是治疗陈旧性面中部骨折的重要手术方法,术前应依照正颌外科原则进行X线头影测量和模型外科准备,术中应同期进行上颌骨骨折之外的其他面骨骨折的复位固定.     

鼻眶筛区复杂骨折的处理

目的 总结鼻眶筛区（NOE）复杂骨折处理的经验。介绍两种单侧内眦韧带复位固定的新方法。方法 1983-2001年共收治NOE复杂骨折患者289例，分别按伤情行初期，延期和晚期手术，手术方法主要通过原伤口或冠状切口，口内切口和下睑缘下切口联合入路；根据不同类型分为解剖复位（初期），正颌外科矫正和植骨或植骨代用品修复（延期或晚期）；单侧内眦韧带撕脱移位采用“拴马桩式”或“抽屉式”复位固定术。结果 本组病例全部救治成功，功能和面容明显改善。“拴马桩式”和“抽屉式”复位固定术。结果 本组病例全部救治成功。功能和面容明显改善，“拴马桩式”和“抽屉式”单侧内眦韧带复位固定新方法效果较好。结论 将NOE骨折分为爆裂型，震碎型，塌平型，塌陷型和颅面分离型有助于选择治疗方法，应在掌握手术适应证的情况下，进行比较专业的初期手术或延期手术；晚期处理需综合应用颅面外科，正颌外科，整形外科，坚强内固定，柱骨或植骨代用品等技术。     

LeFortⅠ型截骨术治疗陈旧性面中部骨折的临床研究

目的 回顾性探讨面中部陈旧性骨折的手术治疗方法。方法 统计我科2001年5月～2004年11月收治的43例面中部骨折的病例资料，对其中16例陈旧性面中部骨折用LeFort I型截骨术治疗手术效果进行分析。结果 LeFort I型俄骨术治疗陈旧性面中部骨折均获得良好疗效，患者口腔咬合和面型恢复满意，无严重手术并发症。结论 LeFort I型截骨术是治疗陈旧性面中部骨折的重要手术方法，术前应依照正颌外科原则进行X线头影测量和模型外科准备，术中应同期进行上颌骨骨折之外的其他面骨骨折的复位固定。     

鼻内镜辅助下微创手术治疗颌面部骨折352例

2003年1月～2008年1月,我们在鼻内镜辅助下微创手术治疗颌面部骨折352例,效果满意。现分析报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般情况352例中,男210例,女142例;年龄17～65岁,平均40.2岁。颌面部骨折类型:单纯鼻骨骨折130例,鼻骨+上颌骨额突骨折101例,单纯颧骨骨折18例,颧骨+颧弓骨折13例,眶下壁骨折13例,眶外侧壁骨折8例,眶内壁骨折10例,眶下壁+眶外侧壁骨折6例,颧骨+颧弓+眶下壁骨折8例,颧骨+颧弓+眶外侧壁骨折5例,颧骨+颧弓+眶下壁+眶外侧壁骨折4例,上颌骨骨折10例,下颌骨骨折24例,鼻眶筛骨骨折2例。1.2手术方法(1)鼻骨骨折或鼻骨+上颌骨额突骨折:局部黏膜表面加浸润麻醉,鼻内镜辅助下行微创手术,使用德国Storz鼻内镜系统及手术器械,英国Diego外科动力系统。对鼻中隔偏曲者,先矫正偏曲部位,再在鼻内镜辅助下放置鼻骨复位器行鼻骨复位。(2)颧骨、颧弓、眼眶、鼻眶筛骨和上颌骨骨折:全麻成功后,在发际内2～3cm处行半冠状切口,暴露眶外壁、颧骨、颧弓骨折线,联合睑缘下切口暴露眶下壁及眶内壁骨折线,口内前庭沟做龈颊切口暴露上颌骨前壁、外侧壁骨折线,在鼻内镜辅助下从多个角度检查...     

半冠状切口结合坚强内固定在眶颧骨折治疗中的应用

眶颧骨折是面中部较复杂的骨折类型之一。受伤后局部水肿或血肿掩盖骨折移位畸形，常影响骨折的正确诊断和及时处理，致晚期眶颧骨塌陷畸形，造成二期处理困难。从解剖、功能和美观的原则出发，除少数骨折移位不明显，功能又无影响者外，均应开放复位。笔者采用半冠状切口结合坚强内固定(RIF)治疗眶颧骨折70例，取得满意的效果。报告如下。     

外伤性眶底骨缺损的重建

目的介绍重建外伤性眶底骨缺损的方法与疗效。方法在眶周骨折复位同期，对24例眶底骨缺损经下睑缘下途径重建，使用微型钛板重建12例，钛网6例，自体骨6例(上颌窦壁3例、喙突1例、髂骨2例)。结果全部患者颧部塌陷与眼球外观畸形矫正满意，下睑缘切口瘢痕不明显。术前15例眼与眶下神经功能障碍者中，术后半年仅1例复视、2例眶下神经麻痹未消失，均为伤后6～8周后期治疗者。影像检查植入物位置理想。结论早期重建眶底骨缺损有利于功能恢复，减少并发症。重建材料应根据骨缺损程度与眼球位置选择，缺损范围较小且眼球位置正常者可使用微型钛板、钛网重建，反之应使用自体骨重建以缩小眶腔容积并支撑眼球。     

38例面中部骨折的治疗

临床资料　 1995～ 1999年间收治12 7例颌面部外伤 ,其中面中部骨折 38例。对 38例面中部骨折患者采用经冠状切口或应用鼻根部、眼眶外侧、上颌前庭龈颊切口 ,暴露所有骨折部位 ,恢复颧骨的解剖位置 ,进行骨折复位 ,置微型夹板处于或平行于上颌骨力支柱方向作骨折内固定 ,保持面中部垂直高度、宽度及深度。已经恢复重建的上颌骨可作为骨折下颌骨恢复咬　关系基础 ,先行上、下颌间固定 ,恢复咬　关系 ,再行下颌骨骨折内固定。如下颌骨无骨折 ,则以下颌骨为基础 ,作上颌骨骨折复位、固定。术后半年、1年对患者进行随访、颜面部外形功能检查。…     

64层螺旋CT三维重建在复杂性颌面骨折诊断与治疗中的临床意义

目的评价64层螺旋CT三维重建在复杂性颌面部骨折诊断与治疗中的临床意义。方法50例临床疑有复杂性颌面骨折患者（28例煤矿工外伤和22例交通事故外伤）于外伤后2-23（平均121h内均经64层螺旋cT平扫和三维重建（SSO）成像。依据手术所见，对比性分析了CT平扫与三维重建像对骨折部位、伴发骨折及骨折线的显示能力。结果50例疑有颌面骨折患者中，上颌骨骨折伴颧骨、眶骨骨折26例，上颌骨骨折伴颧骨、眶骨、鼻骨、额骨骨折14例，颧骨、眶骨、鼻骨骨折6例，颧骨、眶骨骨折4例。三维重建（SSD）像清晰显示了部分患者中cT平扫未发现的横向、斜向骨折线。结论cT三维重建成像能立体地、直观地显示复杂性颌面骨折的部位及伴发骨折，尤其在显示隐匿性骨折线方面明显优于CT平扫，因此，它能为制定精细的手术方案提供可靠依据。     

头皮冠状切口整复颧骨复合体骨折的临床分析

颧骨位于颌面部的突出部位，颧骨骨折是口腔颌面外科常见的骨折之一，且常波及邻近骨的骨折，又称之为颧骨复合体骨折。关于颧骨复合体骨折的复位径路，文献报道不一。笔者着重介绍1997年1月-2003年6门我院颌面外科收治的颧骨复合体及颧骨骨折应用冠状切口入路的临床资料，并结合笔者多年用冠状切口行颧骨复合体骨折复位固定的经验，进行分析总结。     

LeFort Ⅲ型截骨后部分脱抗原同种异体牙本质移植治疗上颌后缩畸形

目的：经脱抗原处理的同种异体牙本质(HPDD)用于正颌外科，替代自体骨移植。方法：将口腔外科门诊拔除的牙齿磨除牙釉质、牙骨质，经脱抗原处理，对11例上颌后缩畸形采用LeFort Ⅲ型截骨，上颌骨前移，骨间隙植入HPDD。结果：11例病人伤口一期愈合，上颌骨前移，咬合恢复。结论：HPDD免疫原性弱，成骨作用好，用于正颌外科支撑作用强，可替代自体骨移植。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.