Protective effect of selenium-enriched lactobacilluson CCI_4-induced liver injury in mice and its possible mechanisms

AIM: To study the protective effects and mechanisms of Se-enriched lactobacillus on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride(CCI_4) in mice. METHODS: Seventy-two ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, CCl_4-induced model group, low Se-enriched lactobacillus treatment group(L-Se group), and high Se-enriched lactobacillus treatment group(H-Se group). During a 3-wk experimental period, the common complete diet was orally provided daily for normal group and model group, and the mice in L-Se and H-Se groups were given a diet with 2 and 4 mg of organoselenium from Se-enriched lactobacillus per kg feed, respectively. From the 2~(nd) wk of experiment, the model group, L-Se group, and H-Se group received abdominal cavity injection of olive oil solution containing 500 mL/L CCl_4(0.07 mL/100 g body mass) to induce liver injury, and the normal group was given olive oil on every other day for over 2 wk. In the first 2 wk post injection with CCl_4, mice in each group were killed. The specimens of blood, liver tissue, and macrophages in abdominal cavity fluid were taken. Then the activities of the following liver tissue injury-associated enzymes including glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) as well as malondialdehyde(MDA) content were assayed. Changes of phagocytic rate and phagocytic index in macrophages were observed with Wright-Giemsa stain. Plasma TNF-α level was measured by radioimmunoassay. The level of intracellular free Ca~(2+)([Ca~(2+)]_i) in hepatocytes was detected under a laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS: During the entire experimental period, the AST and ALT activities in liver were greatly enhanced by CCl_4 and completely blunted by both low and high doses of Se-enriched lactobacillus. The Se-enriched lactobacillusprotected liver homogenate GSH-Px and SOD activities were higher or significantly higher than those in model group and were close to those in normal group. CCl_4 significantly increased MDA content in liver homogenates, while administration of Se-enriched lactobacillus prevented MDA elevation. Phagocytic rate and phagocytic index of macrophages decreased after CCl_4 treatment compared to those in normal control, but they were dramatically rescued by Se-enriched lactobacillus, showing a greatly higher phagocytic function compared to model group. CCl_4 could significantly elevate plasma TNF-α and hepatocyte[Ca~(2+)]_i level, which were also obviously prevented by Se-enriched lactobacillus. CONCLUSION: Se-enriched lactobacillus can intervene in CCl_4-induced liver injury in mice by enhancing macrophage function activity to keep normal and beneficial effects, elevating antioxidant-enzyme activities and reducing lipid peroxidation reaction, inhibiting excessive release of TNF-α, preventing the dramatic elevation of [Ca~(2+)]_i in hepatocytes.     

Protective effect of recombinant human IL-1Ra on CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice

AIM: To evaluate the effects of positive regulation of recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1Ra) on hepatic tissue recovery in acute liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). METHODS: Acute liver damage was induced by injecting 8-wk-old mice with CCl 4 1 mL/kg (1:3 dilution in corn oil) intraperitoneally (ip). Survival after liver failure was assessed by injecting 8-wk-old mice with a lethal dose of CCl 4 2.6 mL/kg (1:1 dilution in corn oil) ip. Mice were subcutaneo...     

Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of baicalein against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced liver damage in mice.METHODS: Mice were orally administered with baicalein after CCl₄ injection, and therapeutic baicalein was given twice a day for 4 d. The anti-inflammation effects of baicalein were assessed directly by hepatic histology and serum alanine aminotranferease and aspartate aminotransferase measurement. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used to evaluate the effect of baicalein in promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liver IL-6, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) genes expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: CCl₄-induced acute liver failure model offers a survival benefit in baicalein-treated mice. The data indicated that the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased within 12 h after CCl₄ treatment in baicalein administration groups, but at 24, 48 and 72 h, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was kept at lower levels compared with the control. The expression of TGF-α, HGF and EGF was enhanced dramatically in baicalein administration group at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, we found that baicalein significantly elevated the serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 at the early phase, which indicated that baicalein could facilitate the initiating events in liver regeneration.CONCLUSION: Baicalein may be a therapeutic candidate for acute liver injury. Baicalein accelerates liver regeneration by regulating TNF-α and IL-6 mediated pathways.     

姜黄素对CCl4所致急性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用及其机制研究*

目的 观察姜黄素对四氯化碳（CCl₄）所致急性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用,并研究其作用机制。方法 将60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、水飞蓟素组（100 mg.kg^-1）和大、中、小剂量姜黄素组（100、50和25 mg.kg^-1）,每组10只。建模成功后隔日给药灌胃,共30 d。取下腔静脉血和肝组织,分别检测血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和前列腺素E2（PGE2）水平,采用Bio-Rad公司试剂盒检测肝组织匀浆白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）水平。结果 对照组大鼠肝小叶结构完整清晰,肝细胞无坏死及脂肪变性,模型组肝组织损伤明显,经姜黄素处理肝组织炎性细胞浸润减少,肝组织损伤有不同程度的减轻;模型组大鼠血清LDH水平为（6458.00±423.72）IU/L,PEG2水平为（130.02±4.30）pg/ml,显著高于对照组[（1375.00±67.45） IU/L和（51.27±0.86）pg/ml,P<0.001],而各剂量姜黄素处理组和水飞蓟素组均可显著降低大鼠血清LDH和PGE2 水平（P<0.05）; 模型组大鼠肝组织匀浆IL-6、TNF-α和COX-2水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而大中小剂量姜黄素处理组和水飞蓟素处理组肝组织IL-6、TNF-α和COX-2水平显著低于模型组（P<0.05）。结论 姜黄素对CCl4所致大鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能是抑制了IL-6、TNF-α、COX-2和PGE2等炎性细胞因子的释放。     

四氯化碳诱导大鼠慢性肝损伤模型方法的探讨

目的研究大鼠慢性肝损伤模型的建立方法。方法以20％和50％四氯化碳植物油溶液给SD大鼠腹腔注射8周,制备大鼠慢性肝损伤模型,观察大鼠饮食、体重和血清ALT、AST水平的变化,采用TUNEL法观察肝细胞凋亡情况,以评价成模效果。结果实验组大鼠饮食量降低,体重增加缓慢。实验组ALT和AST分别为204．1±35．7U／L和307．5±54．1U／L,而对照组分别27．6±3．1U／L和50．5±9．0U／L。实验组动物出现肝细胞变性、凋亡、坏死及再生等病变。大剂量四氯化碳容易弓l起肝纤维化。结论应用20％～50％四氯化碳溶液在1．5ml·kg^-1 bw剂量下腹腔注射可诱导大鼠典型的肝损伤模型,病变稳定,操作简便,可供实验研究应用。     

白术莪术提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究白术莪术提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的影响.方法 给予小鼠白术莪术提取物灌胃,连续7d,腹腔注射CCl4-花生油溶液造模急性肝损伤,16 h后测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量、肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及其肝脏、脾脏指数.结果 白术莪术提取物能显著降低急性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST含量及提高肝组织中SOD活性,减小肝脏指数(P＜0.01).结论 白术莪术提取物对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有很好的保护作用.     

虾青素对四氯化碳诱导的慢性肝损伤大鼠的保护作用

探讨虾青素对慢性肝损伤大鼠肝功能的保护作用。方法采用四氯化碳（CCl4）制备大鼠慢性肝损伤模型,设正常组、模型组、虾青素干预组。通过酶联免疫法测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、总蛋白（TP）以及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（ superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽转移酶（ glutathione-S-transfcrase,GST）活性、谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）及丙二醛（malondialdehyd,MDA）水平。对肝组织病理切片行Masson三色染色,检测肝纤维化情况,采用RT-PCR法检测Ⅰ型胶原mRNA水平。结果正常组大鼠肝胶原指数为（0.42±0.12）,模型组大鼠肝胶原指数为（1.84±0.24,P＜0.01）,虾青素治疗组肝胶原指数为（0.89±0.12）,显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）;正常大鼠肝组织Ⅰ型胶原mRNA水平为（0.12±0.02）,模型组为（0.48±0.06,P＜0.01）,虾青素治疗组为（0.35±0.09）,明显低于模型组（P＜0.05）;正常组肝组织MDA、GST、GSH和SOD水平分别为（1.93±0.76） nmol/mg、（18.43±5.34） U/mg、（75.45±9.67） mg/g、（678.80±76.56） U/mg,模型组MDA和GST分别为（6.56±1.09） nmol/mg、（54.34±7.65） U/mg,均显著升高（P＜0.05）,而GSH为（35.45±9.01） mg/g,SOD为（203.89±89.00） U/mg,均显著降低（P＜0.01）;与模型组比,虾青素治疗组MDA为（3.34±1.12） nmol/mg,GST为（30.89±4.78） U/mg,均显著低于模型组（P＜0.01）,而GSH为（56.78±7.78）mg/g,SOD为（432.34±92.56） U/mg,均较模型组显著升高（P＜0.01）。结论虾青素可以缓解四氯化碳诱导的大鼠慢性肝损伤,其可能机制与提高抗氧化能力有关。     

内质网应激在四氯化碳致大鼠急性肝损伤中的作用探讨

目的研究内质网应激在四氯化碳诱导的大鼠急性肝损伤中的变化规律和作用机制。方法采用四氯化碳制备大鼠急性肝损伤模型，动态测定大鼠肝脏GRP78蛋白和caspase 12酶原表达情况，测定大鼠血清ALT、AST水平、肝组织SOD活性、MDA浓度和caspase 3活性变化；采用HE染色和TUNEL法观察肝组织病理形态学和肝细胞凋亡变化。结果四氯化碳染毒后大鼠肝脏GRP78蛋白表达显著增加，caspase 12酶原表达相应减少，呈一定时间依赖方式。大鼠染毒后出现血清ALT、AST水平以及组织MDA含量显著升高，SOD活性明显下降，与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；染毒后大鼠肝组织caspase 3活性亦显著升高，病理学及TUNEL法检测结果均显示肝脏有严重损伤，大量肝细胞发生凋亡。结论四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝损伤时GRP78和caspase 12的表达变化表明发生了内质网应激反应，其变化趋势和大鼠肝细胞凋亡、病理损伤一致，这一结果提示内质网应激介导的肝细胞凋亡参与了大鼠肝损伤。     

氯膦酸二钠脂质体清除肝内巨噬细胞对CCl4诱导的慢性肝损伤大鼠门脉高压的影响*

目的 观察氯膦酸二钠脂质体清除肝内巨噬细胞对CCl₄诱导的慢性肝损伤大鼠门脉高压的影响。方法 随机将48只Wistar大鼠分为对照组和模型组,每组24只。采用皮下注射橄榄油和四氯化碳(CCl₄)法制备肝损伤模型。在实验d₇₀,再将每组分为2个亚组,分别经尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液脂质体(PL)或氯膦酸二钠脂质体(CL)处理。在实验d₁₀₅,使用BL-420F生理机能实验系统测定大鼠肝脏在体门静脉压力,采用ELISA法检测血sCD163水平,采用免疫组化法检测肝组织CD163和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)蛋白表达。结果 在对照组内,CL处理大鼠血清sCD163水平为(798.6±61.9) pg/L,显著低于PL处理组[(848.3±26.2) pg/L,P＜0.05];在模型组内,CL处理大鼠肝脏指数和门静脉压力分别为(4.7±0.8)和(10.6±2.0) mmHg,显著低于PL处理组[分别为(5.6±1.3)和(12.4±2.7) mmHg,P＜0.05];模型组CL处理大鼠血清ALT、AST和sCD163水平分别为(69.9±21.4) U/L、(202.8±14.2) U/L和(980.1±122.3) pg/L,与PL处理大鼠比,均有显著性差异[分别为(97.8±39.6) U/L、(290.6±168.1) U/L和(1083.2±97.2) pg/L,P＜0.05];免疫组化结果显示,CL处理大鼠肝组织CD163和iNOS蛋白阳性表达较PL处理大鼠有不同程度的减弱。结论 巨噬细胞参与门脉高压的发生和发展。清除巨噬细胞可降低门静脉压力。     

黄芪甲苷对CCL4所致肝损伤大鼠的保护作用*

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷对CCL₄所致肝损伤大鼠的保护作用。方法 将50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、小剂量、中等剂量和大剂量黄芪甲苷处理组,在造模成功后除对照组和模型组外,给予药物灌胃。取大鼠血清和肝组织,检测肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）含量及血生化和羟脯氨酸（Hyp）含量;采用TUNEL法检测肝细胞凋亡。结果 与模型组比,小、中、大剂量黄芪甲苷处理组动物肝组织匀浆SOD、GSH和MDA水平得到显著改善（P<0.05）,血清ALT、AST、TBIL和Hyp含量也显著降低（P<0.05）,而ALB含量显著升高（P<0.05）;小剂量黄芪甲苷组肝组织凋亡小体数为（55.36±2.15）个,中剂量黄芪甲苷组为（44.58±3.06）个,大剂量黄芪甲苷组为（33.24±3.18）个,均显著低于模型组的（66.54±2.56）个（P<0.05）;肝组织病理学检查结果显示,与模型组比,小、中、大剂量黄芪甲苷处理组大鼠肝组织损伤表现显著改善。结论 黄芪甲苷对CCL₄所致肝损伤具有很好的保护作用。     

四氯化碳诱导大鼠肝纤维化脂质过氧化相关蛋白表达的动态变化及一贯煎的干预效应

目的 探讨四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导大鼠肝纤维化脂质过氧化相关蛋白表达的动态变化及一贯煎的干预效应.方法 Wistar雄性大鼠57只,其中模型组39只,正常组18只.模型大鼠腹腔注射50％的CCl4橄榄油溶液(1ml/lg),每周2次,共9周.造模3、6周后,随机抽取正常及模型大鼠各6只,处死作动态观察.其余模型大鼠随机分为模型组15只及干预组12只,模型组大鼠在8周时处死4只观察成模情况.第7周开始,继续造模的同时,干预组用一贯煎(2.682 g/kg)蒸馏水稀释灌胃,1次/d,共计3周.用药3周结束后,处死大鼠,检测肝功能、肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)和丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与谷胱甘肽(GSH)活性,以及热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、转铁蛋白(Transferrin)、过氧化还原酶(Prxd)6、肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)等的表达.计量资料采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用Ridit分析. 结果 (1)与对照组比较,模型组大鼠6、9周时肝组织MDA含量显著升高[(4.23±0.45) nmol/mg比(2.22±0.59)nmol/mg; (6.29±1.23) nmol/mg比(2.22±0.59) nmol/mg,F值分别为60.13、66.99,P值均＜ 0.05];SOD活性显著降低[(196.94±39.20) U/mg比(264.50±30.44)U/mg,F=11.12,P＜ 0.05; (152.21±51.65) U/mg比(264.50±30.44) U/mg,F=23.11,P＜0.01];GSH含量显著降低[(48.47±7.27) nmol/mg比(60.74±9.04) nmol/mg,F=6.71,P＜0.05;(37.89±9.01) nmol/mg比(60.74±9.04)nmol/mg,F=24.06,P＜0.01];与9周模型组比较,干预组MDA显著降低[(4.25±0.86) nmol/mg比(6.29±1.23) nmol/mg,F=19.52,P＜ 0.01],SOD显著升高[(198.35±46.48) U/mg比(152.21±51.65) U/mg,F=4.65,P＜0.05],GSH显著升高[(53.73±7.54) nmol/mg比(37.89±9.01) nmol/mg,F=19.23,P＜0.01];(2)与正常组比较,9周时模型组大鼠HSP70蛋白表达量升高(1.21±0.06比0.58±0.07,F=166.87,P＜0.0l),HO-1蛋白表达量也升高(1.11±0.06比0.58±0.06,F=123.96,P＜ 0.01),Prdx6蛋白表达量降低(0.04±0.05比1.49±0.05,F=1215.85,P＜0.01),L-FABP表达量降低(0.24±0.02比1.44±0.14,F=219.05,P＜0.01),Transferrin蛋白表达量降低(0.67±0.03比1.67±0.04,F=301.35,P＜0.01).9周时,干预组HSP70和HO-1蛋白表达量分别为0.82±0.04、0.90±0.04,与9周时模型组比较,F值分别为92.31、26.89,P值均＜0.01,差异有统计学意义;9周时,干预组Prdx6、L-FABP和Transferrin蛋白表达分别为0.88±0.11、1.36±0.13、1.04±0.12,与9周时模型组比较,F值分别为150.17、237.19、27.53,P值均＜0.01,差异有统计学意义. 结论 一贯煎具有促进机体抗氧化物质生成、减轻脂质过氧化损伤的作用.     

硫辛酰胺对db/db小鼠肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的观察硫辛酰胺(ALM)对db/db小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法db/db小鼠随机分为糖尿病组(DM)和ALM组,C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照组(NC),每组各6只。ALM组于第9周时予ALM[100 mg/(kg·d)]进行灌胃干预,干预8周后处死小鼠,检测生化指标及肝组织谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醇(MDA)表达量,油红O、HE染色观察肝脏病理学改变,Western blot法检测肝组织中核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)蛋白水平。结果与NC组比较,DM组体重、TG、TC、FBG升高,MDA含量升高[(0.73±0.04)vs(0.92±0.17)nmol/mg,P<0.05],CAT活性降低[(1.08±0.18)vs(0.52±0.14)U/mg,P<0.05],ALT、AST活性升高[(16.85±3.84)vs(22.42±4.56)U/g,(6.07±1.91)vs(8.19±1.51)U/g,P<0.05],Nrf2、HO-1的表达升高[(0.33±0.25)vs(1.81±0.34),(0.29±0.13)vs(1.25±0.19),P<0.05]。与DM组比较,ALM组体重、TG、TC降低,MDA降低[(0.92±0.17)vs(0.56±0.11)nmol/mg,P<0.05],CAT活性升高[(0.52±0.14)vs(0.91±0.20)U/mg,P<0.05],ALT、AST活性降低[(22.42±4.56)vs(17.08±5.08)U/g,(8.19±1.51)vs(5.10±0.46)U/g,P<0.05],Nrf2、HO-1表达降低[(1.81±0.34)vs(1.01±0.30),(1.25±0.19)vs(0.52±0.17),P<0.05]。结论ALM可抑制T2DM小鼠肝损伤的发生发展,其机制可能是通过改善肝组织脂质沉积、抑制氧化应激,调节Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达以实现。     

扶正化瘀方对肝纤维化模型大鼠肝组织纤维化及肝星状细胞的影响

目的 评价扶正化瘀方对肝纤维化模型大鼠肝组织纤维化及活化肝星状细胞(HSC)的影响. 方法 64只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、四氯化碳(CCl4)肝纤维化模型组、药物干预低剂量组和药物干预高剂量组.除正常组外,所有大鼠用CCl4复合法制备大鼠肝纤维化模型；在造模同时,药物干预组给予扶正化瘀方灌胃,1次/d,6次/周,共6周(低剂量组按0.75g/kg,高剂量组1.5 g/kg);分别在实验的第2、4、6周处死正常组、模型组及药物干预低、高剂量组大鼠各4只,收集大鼠血清及肝组织标本,测定大鼠血清ALT、AST、总胆红素(TBil);组织标本常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染色及Masson三重染色,采用计算机图像分析测定大鼠肝组织纤维化面积比例；测定α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的积分吸光度值.组间数据比较用完全随机设计的单因素方差分析.结果 2周末正常对照组、模型对照组、药物干预低、高剂量组ALT分别为(24.68±1.50) U/L、(85.33±5.68)U/L、(56.49±4.85) U/L、(36.94±5.23)U/L,4组比较,F值为98.11,差异有统计学意义；4组的AST值分别为(37.69±3.35)U/L、(112.34±7.02) U/L、(82.89±5.32) U/L、(61.39±6.06)U/L,4组比较,F值为96.31,差异有统计学意义；4组的TBil值分别为(6.70±1.10) U/L、(14.12±0.68) U/L、(10.85±0.64) U/L、(7.78±0.69) U/L,4组比较,F值为51.67,差异有统计学意义.4周末4组ALT、AST、TBil比较,F值分别为111.24、72.11、101.20,P值均＜0.05,差异均有统计学意义；6周末4组ALT、AST、TBil比较,F值分别为154.16、190.80、158.91,P值均＜0.05,差异均有统计学意义.与正常组比较,2、4、6周末模型组、扶正化瘀高、低剂量各组ALT、AST、TBil的水平均有不同程度的升高；与模型组比较,药物干预各组ALT、AST、TBil数值均有不同程度下降,其中以扶正化瘀方高剂量组改善最为显著.与正常组比较,模型组、药物干预低、高剂量组肝组织纤维化面积比例明显升高,2周末正常组、模型组、药物干预低、高剂量组肝组织纤维化面积比例分别为5.23％±0.10％、11.93％±1.78％、9.33％±1.09％、8.26％±0.77％,4组比较,F=18.68,P＜0.01；4周末、6周末正常组、模型组、药物干预低、高剂量组肝组织纤维化面积比较,F值分别为49.95、82.44,P值均＜0.01,差异均有统计学意义.随着造模时间的延长,α-SMA表达亦较正常对照组均有升高,药物干预低、高剂量组大鼠肝组织α-SMA的表达与正常组和模型组比较,均明显下调,且药物干预高剂量组α-SMA表达下调显著.结论 扶正化瘀方具有抗肝纤维化的作用,且可减少α-SMA的表达,其抗肝纤维化机制可能是通过促进活化HSC的凋亡,减少活化HSC的数量.     

复方黄根对四氯化碳所致大鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]研究复方黄根对大鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制.[方法]制备大鼠四氯化碳(CCl4)慢性肝损伤模型,观察复方黄根对肝损伤大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性,总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(Alb)和羟脯氨酸(Hyp)水平的变化以及肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平的影响,放免法检测透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PⅢP)水平,免疫组化法测肝组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的表达,并观察肝组织病理学改变.[结果]复方黄根可显著降低CCl4所致大鼠慢性肝损伤血清中ALT、AST、HA、PⅢP、Hyp水平,升高血清中Alb、TP水平;升高肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px的活性,并可降低MDA的水平;免疫组化结果表明复方黄根能抑制TGF-β1表达;病理观察结果能减轻慢性肝损伤的肝脏损伤程度.[结论]复方黄根有明显的保肝和抗肝纤维化作用,其作用机制可能与抗脂质过氧化和抑制肝组织TGF-β1的表达有关.     

维生素C和维生素E对小鼠化学性肝损伤的预防性保护作用

目的:探讨维生素C(VC)和维生素E(VE)对CCl_4引起化学性肝损伤的预防性保护作用.方法:昆明种小鼠60只随机分5组,设正常对照组、病理模型组、VC保护组、VE保护组、VC VE保护组,饲养10 d,除正常对照组外,其余各组ip 1.5 mL/L CCl_4致小鼠化学性肝损伤,测定小鼠血清中ALT,AST及肝细胞中MDA,GSH,SOD,HE染色光镜下观察肝细胞形态变化.结果:VC和VE保护组能显著降低血清中ALT和AST(2277.12±1187.90,2163.76±1412.11 nkat/L vs 4527.07±1019.37 nkat/L,P<0.01)以及肝细胞中脂质过氧化物MDA的含量(4.37±0.49,3.26±0.71μmol/g vs 9.25±2.74μmol/g,P<0.01).镜下观查肝损伤明显减轻,体外抗氧化实验能显著性的抑制脂质过化物MDA生成,联合应用有协同效应.结论:VC和VE对化学性肝损伤有预防性保护作用.     

Protection of the liver against CCl4-induced injury by intramuscular electrotransfer of a kallistatin-encoding plasmid

AIM:To investigate the effect of transgenic expression of kallistatin(Kal) on carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4)induced liver injury by intramuscular(im) electrotransfer of a Kal-encoding plasmid formulated with poly-Lglutamate(PLG).METHODS:The pKal plasmid encoding Kal gene was formulated with PLG and electrotransferred into mice skeletal muscle before the administration of CCl 4.The expression level of Kal was measured.The serum biomarker levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),ma...     

Metabolomics of Fuzi-Gancao in CCl4 induced acute liver injury and its regulatory effect on bile acid profile in rats

BACKGROUND Fuzi (Radix aconiti lateralis)-Gancao (Radix glycyrrhizae) is one of the most classical drug pairs of traditional Chinese medicine. In clinical practice, decoctions containing Fuzi-Gancao (F-G) are often used in the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver failure.AIMTo investigate the metabolomics of F-G in CCl₄ induced acute liver injury in rats and its regulatory effect on the bile acid profile.METHODSThe pharmacodynamic effect of F-G on CCl₄ induced acute liver injury in rats was evaluated, and an ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 92 metabolites from multiple pathways was established to explore the protective metabolic mechanism of F-G in serum on the liver.RESULTSTwenty-four differential metabolites were identified in serum samples. The primary bile acid biosynthetic metabolic pathway was the major common pathway in the model group and F-G group. Subsequently, a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 11 bile acids, including cholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and glycinic acid, was established to analyze the regulatory mechanism of F-G in serum. F-G decreased the contents of these 11 bile acids in serum in a dose-dependent manner compared with those in the model control group.CONCLUSIONF-G could protect hepatocytes by promoting the binding of free bile acids to glycine and taurine, and reducing the accumulation of free bile acids in the liver. F-G could also regulate the compensatory degree of taurine, decreasing the content of taurine-conjugated bile acids to protect hepatocytes.     

实验性肝损伤大鼠肝脏HO-1的表达及CO水平变化

目的研究急性肝损伤时大鼠肝脏HO-1的表达情况和CO水平,探讨HO-1和内源性CO在大鼠急性肝损伤中的作用.方法制备急性四氯化碳肝损伤模型,采用RT-PCR和免疫组化法测定不同时间点大鼠肝脏HO-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况;测定各时间点肝组织SOD、MDA含量变化,同时测定股静脉血中HbCO水平和ALT、AST肝功能指标.结果HO-1mRNA在正常大鼠有弱表达,染毒3 h后表达显著增强,于24 h时间点表达最强,与对照组相比差异非常显著(P＜0.01);免疫组化结果显示;HO-1蛋白在正常大鼠表达较低或无,染毒3h后即有明显表达,16至48h的时间点内表达均显著增强,主要定位于肝实质细胞、库普细胞的胞浆内.对照组HbCO水平极低,给予四氯化碳3 h后HbCO水平开始升高,此后各时间点均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性,这与HO-1表达情况相一致.此外,染毒后大鼠血清ALT、AST和MDA明显升高,SOD活性则显著降低,和对照组相比差异均十分显著.结论大鼠急性肝损伤后出现HO-1表达持续上调和血中CO水平迅速增高,提示HO/CO系统参与急性肝损伤的病理生理过程,其表达增加可能对机体有重要调节作用.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对四氯化碳所致小鼠慢性肝损伤的治疗作用

目的 观察重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠慢性肝损伤的治疗作用.方法 清洁级雄性BALB/C小鼠分为治疗组与对照组.每周2次CCl4腹腔注射制备慢性肝损伤模型.造模成功后治疗组给予rhG-CSF(200 μg·kg-1·d-1)皮下注射7 d,对照组给予同等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液.测定小鼠体质量、肝重和脾重.采用临床常规方法检测肝功能、肝纤维化指标.对肝纤维化程度进行评分.流式细胞仪计数分析肝组织中CD34+细胞,免疫组化法测定Thy-1+表达.结果 治疗组小鼠第8和15天时脾重与肝重比值(15.94%±1.20%和10.52%±0.66%)与对照组(7.14%±1.68%和8.31%±1.71%)比较差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),两组小鼠体质量和肝重差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).第15天时治疗组小鼠白蛋白水平快速上升.第30天时治疗组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、透明质酸(HA)、层粘连蛋白(LN)水平均低于对照组.第30天时两组肝纤维化程度计分差异有统计学意义(治疗组5.49±2.16,对照组8.74±1.86,P＜0.05).治疗组小鼠肝脏组织中CD34+细胞和Thy-1+阳性细胞数在第8天(9.54±2.24和5.10±1.25)和第15天(8.18±1.93和7.53±1.39)时高于对照组(第8天时5.40±0.99和3.25±0.75;第15天时4.46±0.77和3.35±0.86,P值均＜0.05).结论 rhG-CSF能促进慢性肝损伤的恢复,将为肝纤维化提供一个新的治疗方法.