Heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediates the selective attachment and internalization of serotype 3 human adenovirus dodecahedron

During adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) infection cycle, the penton (Pt) of the viral capsid, a noncovalent complex of fiber and penton base proteins, is produced in large excess and self-assembles to form a highly organized dodecahedral structure, termed dodecahedron (Dd). The physiological role of these particles is poorly understood, but we have recently reported that they can penetrate cells with high efficiency and thus may constitute an attractive tool for gene or protein delivery approaches. Surprisingly, Dd displayed the ability to enter cells non-permissive to Ad3, suggesting the existence of additional internalization modes. In this study, we show that Ad3 Dd binds to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) through high affinity interaction with the penton base. Furthermore, binding to HS was found to be the prerequisite for a novel and Dd specific entry pathway that could not be used by Ad3. Overall, these data provide new insights in the possible role of Dd during viral infection and potential therapeutic applications.     

创伤弧菌溶细胞素融合蛋白对人Caco-2细胞IL-8基因表达和IL-8分泌的影响

目的 研究创伤弧菌溶细胞素融合蛋白(rVvhA)对人肠上皮细胞(human intestinalepithelial cell,Caco-2)IL-8基因表达的影响.方法 IPTG诱导、表达、纯化、复性及Western blot鉴定rVvhA表达和纯化情况;CCK-8法检测rVvhA对Caco-2的细胞毒性作用;RT-PCR检测rVvhA诱导Caco-2细胞IL-8基因的表达情况;ELISA检测Caco-2细胞培养上清IL-8的分泌情况.结果 Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析柱对rVvhA进行纯化后纯度可达95%以上;CCK-8结果显示rVvhA活性蛋白显著降低了Caco-2细胞的存活率,有效浓度为1.5 HU/ml(P<0.05);RT-PCR结果显示,0.6 HU/ml rVvhA30 minllp可诱导Caco-2细胞IL-8 mRNA基因表达上调;ELISA结果显示,Caco-2细胞经rVvhA作用后,培养液上清中IL-8多肽的表达时相在4 h.RT-PCR与ELISA结果皆显示,IL-8基因的转录及IL-8表达皆具有时间-剂量依赖性.结论 rVvhA在转录水平上能诱导人Caco-2细胞IL-8 mRNA表达,促进IL-8的合成,在创伤弧菌引起的过度炎症反应和败血症的发生、发展中可能具有重要意义.     

谷氨酰胺、地塞米松对内毒素血症大鼠血清IL-8,IL-10的影响

目的通过观察谷氨酰胺、地塞米松对内毒素血症大鼠血清IL-8,IL-10的影响,探讨地塞米松、谷氨酰胺对内毒素血症大鼠的保护途径.方法选健康18日龄Wistar大鼠120只,随机取8只腹腔注射生理盐水作对照组(0h),余大鼠按腹腔注射药物不同分成内毒素(L)、谷氨酰胺预防(Gln)地塞米松治疗(D1)组,每组40只,各组于加LPS后2、4、6、24及72h分别断头取血,用放免法测定IL-8,IL-10.结果(1)L组IL-8在2、24h出现两次升高,前者升高程度更明显,差异显著,P<0.01;D1和C1n组各时间点IL-8均低于L组,尤其以2h抑制作用更强,差异显著,P<0.01;Gln组第一次高峰在6h.(2)L组IL-10在2、72h出现两次升高,后者升高程度更明显,差异显著,P<0.01;D1和Gln组第二次升高均提前至24h,增幅最高的为D1组,而其它各时间点IL-10均以Gln组升高明显,差异显著,P<0.01.结论细胞因子IL-8/IL-10在内毒素血症中起主要的损害与抗损害作用,地塞米松治疗对机体能抑制损伤/促进修复;谷氨酰胺不仅有与地塞米松相似的作用,而且可使损伤延迟,二者都能使修复作用提前.     

带有IL-24的腺病毒扩增及其在小鼠树突状细胞中的表达

目的：在293细胞中扩增带有IL-24的腺病毒,感染小鼠树突状细胞,观察IL-24在树突状细胞中的表达。方法：将构建的重组腺病毒表达载体IL-24转染到293细胞中包装、扩增,感染分离培养的小鼠树突状细胞,RT-PCR、Westernblot、荧光显微镜检测IL-24的表达。结果：获得了大量的带有IL-24的腺病毒,成功的感染小鼠树突状细胞,RT-PCR和Westernblot检测结果显示,IL-24在树突状细胞中高表达。结论：带有IL-24的腺病毒可以高效的感染小鼠树突状细胞。     

卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的研究

目的分析比较五种常见的上皮性卵巢癌细胞系IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的差异。方法IL-6、IL-8的表达分别采用RT-PCR和ELISA法进行检测,IL-6受体（IL-6Rα和gp130）及IL-8受体（IL-8RA和IL-8RB）的表达采用免疫印迹技术进行测定。结果①五种上皮性卵巢癌细胞均组成性表达IL-6和IL-8。IL-6和IL-8在CAOV-3细胞中的表达水平均最高,而在HO-8910PM细胞中的表达水平均最低,IL-6在SKOV-3、HO-8910、OVCAR-3细胞中的表达水平依次降低,IL-8在OVCAR-3、SKOV-3、HO-8910细胞中的表达水平依次降低。②五种上皮性卵巢癌细胞均表达IL-6Rα、gp130及IL-8RA;除CAOV-3细胞外,其它细胞均表达IL-8RB。结论本研究旨在筛选表达IL-6和IL-8及其相应受体的细胞株,为研究IL-6、IL-8与卵巢癌发生、发展关系奠定基础,同时也为今后卵巢癌的免疫治疗提供一个新的思路。     

Shortening adenovirus type 5 fiber shaft decreases the efficiency of postbinding steps in CAR-expressing and nonexpressing cells

The coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) functions as an attachment receptor for multiple adenovirus serotypes. It has been shown that apart from virus-cellular receptor interactions, the fiber shaft length also influences viral tropism. We therefore generated Ad5FbDelta639 virus with 8beta-repeats in the shaft, instead of the 22beta-repeats present in the wild-type. Here, we show that the extent of attachment of the virus with shortened fiber to CAR-expressing cells was three- to fivefold lower than that of the wild-type. Transduction studies, however, clearly showed that infection of CAR-expressing cells with Ad5FbDelta639 was strongly impaired by comparison with the wild-type virus. Since this impairment was not linked to a proportional reduction in binding to cells, it appeared to be linked to subsequent/later events in infection. A similar decrease in efficacy of postbinding steps was also evidenced in cells that did not express CAR.     

DHT对卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的调节作用

目的 初步探讨雄激素对卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达的调节作用及作用机制.方法 选择兼有雄激素受体(AR)、IL-6和IL-8及其受体表达的卵巢癌细胞系SKOV-3和OVCAR-3作为研究模型,观察5a-二氢睾酮(DHT)对IL-6、IL-8及其受体表达以及NF-κB加转录的调节作用.结果 DHT可促进卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8分泌及相应mRNA表达,并增强IL-6基因启动子的转录活性,DHT的上述作用可被AR阻断剂氟他胺完全阻断.DHT显著提高卵巢癌细胞NF-κB加亚单位p50、p65(RelA)mRNA的表达水平,其中对后者的作用与对IL-6、IL-8 mRNA的作用相平行.此外,DHT尚能调节IL-6、IL-8受体的表达.结论 雄激素可能通过NF-κB信号传导途径促进卵巢癌细胞IL-6、IL-8的分泌,同时对二者受体的表达也有一定的凋节作用.     

The BMEI0216 gene of Brucella melitensis is required for internalization in HeLa cells

Brucella is an intracellular facultative bacterium able to survive and multiply in professional and non-professional phagocytes. However, its adhesion and invasion mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. In this work, we assess the interruption of a BMEI0216 gene of Brucella melitensis, by using HeLa epithelial cells and murine macrophages for invasion and replication assays. The mutation did not affect survival or multiplication within macrophages. Likewise, invasion assays with HeLa cells revealed no differences at 30 and 45 min, whereas, at 1 and 2h, the infection ability of the mutant was drastically reduced. These results suggest that the BMEI0216 gene is required for B. melitensis internalization.     

IL-8 as a circulating cytokine: induction by recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a pivotal cytokine at the centre of a cascade of cytokines and inflammatory mediators which modulate the host response to infection and trauma, and in particular the metabolic changes resulting in shock and subsequent multi-organ failure. The cytokine IL-8--predominantly an activator and chemotactic factor for circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes--is produced in response to TNF-alpha in vitro, and high circulating levels of IL-8 are found in septic primates. We have studied the release of IL-8 into the circulation of subjects with chronic hepatitis B undergoing a 10 week pilot trial of recombinant TNF-alpha (rTNF-alpha) therapy in doses of 15-100 micrograms/m2. A marked dose-dependent increase in plasma IL-8 levels was seen commencing at 30-60 min after the start of rTNF-alpha infusion and peaking between 2 and 3 h (mean peak level 4300 ng/l). The temporal pattern of IL-8 production exactly echoed that of IL-6, another component of the cytokine cascade, but peak plasma levels of IL-8 were up to 17 times higher than those of IL-6. This study confirms in vitro data suggesting that IL-8 is a component of the acute circulating cytokine cascade with a potential role in the modulation of the acute immune and metabolic response to infection and trauma.     

The left part of the viral genome is sufficient for interferon induction by adenovirus type 12

Summary Adenovirus type 12 is a potent interferon inducer on chick embryio cells. Incomplete particles induce similar levels of interferon as complete virions, even if they contain only the left 20 per cent of the genome. Empty capsids lacking DNA are not able to induce interferon, suggesting that part of the viral genome is required to trigger the cells to produce interferon.With 5 Figures     

Long-term effect of high doses glucocorticosteroids on mRNA expression for IL-6 and IL-8 in relapsed multiple sclerosis patients

Glucocorticosteroids (GS) are standard treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse, but no superiority of any commonly used doses is known. The aim of present study was to evaluate mRNA expression for two cytokines: IL-6 and IL-8. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples from 35 MS relapse patients were obtained before therapy, after 7, 14 days, and 3 months from treatment start (500 versus 1000?mg for 5 days). Significant neurological improvement measured with EDSS was independent to GS dose. Changes of mRNA cytokines expression were more evident in higher dose group but for IL-6 mainly in females.     

Polarized secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by human retinal pigment epithelial cells

A number of cell types situated along interfaces of various tissues and organs such as the peritoneum and the intestine have been shown to secrete inflammatory cytokines in a polarized fashion. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are positioned at the interface between the vascularized choroid and the avascular retina, forming part of the blood–retina barrier. These cells are potent producers of inflammatory cytokines and are therefore considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular inflammation. Whether cytokine secretion by these cells also follows a vectorial pattern is not yet known, and was therefore the subject of this study. Monolayers of human RPE cells (primary cultures and the ARPE-19 cell line) cultured on transwell filters were stimulated to produce IL-6 and IL-8 by adding IL-1β (100 U/ml) to either the upper or the lower compartment. After stimulation, the human RPE cell lines showed polarized secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 towards the basal side, irrespective of the side of stimulation. The ARPE-19 cell line also secreted IL-6 and IL-8 in a polarized fashion towards the basal side after basal stimulation; polarized secretion was, however, not apparent after apical stimulation. The observation that human RPE cells secrete IL-6 and IL-8 in a polarized fashion towards the choroid may represent a mechanism to prevent damage to the adjacent fragile retinal tissue.     

肝硬化患者肝活检组织中IL-8 mRNA表达

目的 探讨肝硬化患者外周血IL-8含量及肝活检组织中IL-8 mRNA的表达.方法 筛选典型HBV感染后肝硬化患者,以ELISA法检测血清IL-8水平;实时PCR检测肝活检组织中IL-8mRNA含量,以lg cDNA/Ig GAPDH(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)代表其mRNA水平.结果 肝硬化患者血清IL-8及肝活检组织中其mRNA水平分别为(431.39±97.39)μg/L、1.3647±0.2203,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);肝活检组织HBV-DNA(+)者血清IL-8及肝活检组织内其mRNA水平分别为(502.43±102.24)μg/L、1.5142±0.2245,与HBV-DNA(-)者相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05).丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)升高者血清IL-8及肝活检组织内其mRNA明显升高,与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 肝硬化患者外周血IL-8及肝活检组织内IL-8 mRNA表达增高,并与肝内HBV复制水平、肝细胞损伤程度密切相关.IL-8参与肝内局部炎性浸润,有可能在介导肝炎后肝硬化进展中起一定作用.     

孟鲁司特对支气管哮喘患者血清IL-6、IL-8和IL-10水平的影响

目的:探讨孟鲁司特在支气管哮喘患者体内IL-6、IL-8和IL-10水平的影响。方法:应用放射免疫分析和酶联法对31例支气管哮喘患者应用孟鲁司特治疗前后血清IL-6、IL-8和IL-10水平的变化,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果:支气管哮喘患者在治疗前血清IL-6、IL-8水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01),而IL-10水平显著地低于正常人组(P<0.01),经治疗2周后与正常人组比较仍有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特对支气管哮喘患者血清IL-6、IL-8和IL-10有一定程度的调节作用,从而降低患者体内的炎症水平,促进病情缓解和好转。     

The C terminus of the human C5a receptor (CD88) is required for normal ligand-dependent receptor internalization

The biological effects of the potent inflammatory mediator C5a, a complement split product, on human neutrophils and monocytes are limited by the rapid internalization of its specific receptor (C5aR, CD88). The C terminus of the C5aR is phosphorylated after stimulation with C5a of phorbol ester, and this phosphorylation might lead to receptor internalization. In this context, we have studied the effects on C5aR internalization of C5a, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, and pertussis toxin on rat basophilic RBL.2H3 cells stably transfected with the human wild-type or mutant C5aR. C5aR mutants lacked either part of the cytosolic C terminus, including suggested major phosphorylation sites, or a putative phosphorylation motif for protein kinase C in the third cytosolic loop. Additionally, agonist-induced internalization was analyzed on HEK293 cells co-transfected with C5aR and the pertussis toxin-resistant G protein alpha subunit, Gα16. Staurosporine-sensitive agonist-dependent C5aR internalization could be detected, suggesting that C5aR phosphorylation, most likely of the C terminus, participates in this type of internalization. In contrast, PMA-induced C5aR internalization seems to be independent of putative phosphorylation sites in either the truncated section of the C terminus or the third cytosolic loop. The phorbol ester-induced C5aR internalization may, therefore, be caused by an indirect and less specific effect of protein kinase C on the internalization machinery. Manipulation of the pertussis toxin-sensitive or -resistant G protein-dependent signal transduction had no effect on ligand-induced internalization.     

Graves病患者^131I治疗前后血清IL-8水平的变化及相关研究

通过测定G raves病（GD）患者^131I治疗前后血清IL-8水平及FT3/IL-8和FT4/IL-8比值的变化,并分析比较治疗前后血清IL-8与TRAb及甲状腺功能变化,探求IL-8与GD发生、发展机制的关系及可否将其作为判断GD治疗疗效及预后的指标。共检测138份血样,其中,40名为正常对照,98例为GD患者。采用放射免疫法（R IA）检测血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、TRAb及IL-8含量,采用免疫放射定量分析法（IRMA）对hTSH进行检测。结果显示：①GD初发组治疗前,血清IL-8水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗后3个月、6个月血清IL-8检测值明显降低（P〈0.01）,治疗后18个月,血清IL-8接近正常水平;②GD复发组血清IL-8水平明显高于对照组和缓解组（P〈0.01）;③GD患者血清FT3/IL-8和FT4/IL-8比值较对照组明显增高,治疗后3个月下降至对照组水平;④GD患者血清IL-8水平与TRAb呈正相关。结论：①GD患者的免疫功能恢复滞后于其本身的甲状腺功能;②FT3/IL-8和FT4/IL-8比值较IL-8单一指标更符合甲状腺的功能状况;③IL-8可能在GD的发病中起重要作用,可作为GD患者^131I治疗后观察疗效、判断预后及了解免疫功能恢复状况的有效指标。     

DHT、IL-6和IL-8对卵巢癌细胞体外增殖的作用

目的探讨雄激素与细胞因子在上皮性卵巢癌生长中可能存在的相互调节作用。方法应用免疫印迹（Western blot）和RT-PCR技术对5种常见的上皮性卵巢癌细胞系雄激素受体（AR）、ID6受体（IL-6Rα、gp130）及IL-8受体（IL-8RA、IL-8RB）的表达进行检测，选择兼有AB、IL-6R及IL-8R的卵巢癌细胞系作为研究模型，应用MTT法观察5α-二氢睾酮（5α-dihydrotestosterone，DHT）及IL-6、ID-8两种细胞因子对卵巢癌细胞体外增殖作用的影响。结果（1）5种上皮性卵巢癌细胞系中AR、ID-6Rα、gp130、IL-8RA以及IL-8RB的表达存在差异性。（2）在SKOV-3细胞，低剂量DHT（0．1～1nmol／L）作用后的前72h抑制细胞增殖，中高剂量DHT（1～100nmol／L）作用后的72、96、120h促进细胞增殖；在OVCAR-3细胞，与对照组相比，DHT作用48h时细胞增殖差异无统计学意义，作用96h和144h时才有明显的促增殖作用。DHT对这两种细胞增殖的作用具有明显的剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。（3）AR阻断剂氟他胺（flutamide，Flu）可完全阻断DHT的促增殖作用，而抗IL-6中和抗体和抗IL-8中和抗体则可部分阻断其促增殖作用。（4）ID6和ID8可促进SKOV-3和OVCAR-3细胞增殖，其促增殖作用亦具有一定的剂量依赖性和时间依赖性，且二者在SKOV-3细胞有一定的协同效应，而在OVCAR-3细胞则未见到。ID-6和ID-8诱导的促增殖作用可被其相应的中和抗体完全阻断，而不能被无关抗体即同种型羊IgG所阻断。结论雄激素促进上皮性卵巢癌生长的作用机制可能有二：一是雄激素的直接刺激作用，二是通过调节细胞因子（如ID-6和IL-8）分泌和/或其受体表达量，从而促进细胞的生长。     

牙周病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10检测的临床意义

目的：探讨牙周病患者血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析、酶联法和免疫比浊法对32例牙周病患者进行了血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10检测,并与35名正常人作比较。结果：牙周病患者在治疗前血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10水平均非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,经治疗1个月后与正常人组比较仍有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：检测血清hs-CRP、IL-8和IL-10水平的变化,对探讨牙周病发病机制、预防和指导治疗均有一定的临床价值。     

表达轮状病毒VP7基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及免疫活性研究

目的 包装表达轮状病毒VP7基因的重组腺病毒,并检测其免疫活性.方法 RT-PCR扩增病毒结构蛋白VP7基因,定向克隆于腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdtrack-CMV中,在细菌中与缺陷型腺病毒基因组pAdeasy-1进行同源重组,并用RT-PCR和Western blot检测.将包装好的腺病毒免疫小鼠,应用间接ELISA检测小鼠血清中特异性轮状病毒IgG抗体.结果 酶切和测序鉴定证实成功构建携带VP7基因的重组腺病毒表达载体,并在293细胞中成功包装病毒;RT-PCR和Western blot 均能特异检测VP7基因的表达;重组腺病毒免疫小鼠后可诱导针对轮状病毒的特异性免疫.结论 重组腺病毒的成功包装,为新型轮状病毒基因疫苗的研制提供了一种可行的途径.